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| A situation or statement characterized by significant difference between what is expected and what actually happens |
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| Repitition of one or more words at the head of consecutive phrases, clauses or sentences |
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| A statement that seems contradictory, but is actually true |
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| In dramatic literature, the moral element that determines a characters actions, rather than thought or emotion |
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| Substitution of a milder or less direct expression for one that is harsh or blunt |
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| Information or rumor deliberately spread to help or harm a person, group or institution |
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| the presentation of two contrasting images |
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| Recurrent syntactical similarity where severtal parts of a sentence or several sentences are expressed alike to show that the ideas in the parts or sentences equal in importance |
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| a form of argumentation, one of the four modes of discourse; language intended to convince |
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| make a serious or urgent request |
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| Prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair |
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| a statement put forth as proof or evidence |
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making a direct appeal to the emotions
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| drawing a general and premature conclusion on the basis of one or two more cases |
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| Post hoc, ergo propter hoc |
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| is a logical fallancy that states, "Since that event followed this one, that event must have been caused by this one, that event must have been caused by this one |
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| State or assert that something is the case, typically without providing evidence or proof |
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| an amission in an argument that the oppposing side has points |
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| the entire process of effective written communication |
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| predicting without justification that one step in a process will lead unavoidably to a second undesirable step |
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| threat of rejection from one's peers replaces evidence in an argument |
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| is an argument made personally agaisnt an opponent instead of against their argument |
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| the main means of mass communication regarded collectively |
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| ambiguous expression; often to mislead or hedge |
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| understandment, especially that in which an affirmative is expressed by the negative of its contrary EX: "not bad at all" |
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| the act of offering or suggesting something for acceptance, adoption or performance |
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| a deceptive, misleading, or false notion, belief |
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| the quality in a person or society that arises from a concern for what is regarded as excellent in arts,letters,manners, scholarly persuits |
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| Two things alike in one or more aspects |
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| a kind of reasoning that constructs or evaluates general propositions that are derived from specific examples |
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| a single conclusion from a very general statement |
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| is a source of knowledge acquired by means of observation or experimentation |
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| a fallacy in logical argumentation |
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| the foundation or basis on which a belief or action rests; reason or cause |
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| is the evidence that is derived from either of this process |
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