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Perspectives on Personality
Chapter 8 - Carver/Scheier 7th edition
58
Psychology
Undergraduate 4
04/01/2015

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Term
Anal Stage
Definition
The second stage of development, centered around issues in toilet training.
Term
Anxiety
Definition
A feeling warning the ego that something bad is about to happen.
Term
Apoptosis
Definition
Biologically programmed cell death.
Term
Castration Anxiety
Definition
A boy's fears (during the phallic stage) that his father will perceive him as a rival and castrate him.
Term
Catharsis
Definition
The release of emotional tension.
Term
Conscience
Definition
The part of the superego that punished violations of moral standards.
Term
Conscious
Definition
The part of the mind that holds what you are currently aware of.
Term
Current Concerns
Definition
Preoccupations in your current waking life.
Term
Death Instincts (Thanatos)
Definition
Self-destructive instincts, often turned outward as aggression.
Term
Defense Mechanism
Definition
An ego-protective strategy to hide threats from yourself and thereby reduce anxiety.
Term
Denial
Definition
A refusal to believe that some real condition exists.
Term
Displacement
Definition
The shifting of an impulse from its original target to a different one.
Term
Ego
Definition
The rational part of the personality that deals pragmatically with reality
Term
Ego Ideal
Definition
The part of the superego that represents perfection and rewards for good behavior.
Term
Ego Strength
Definition
The ability of the ego to function despite competing demands of the id, superego, and reality.
Term
Erogenous Zone
Definition
A sexually responsive area of the body.
Term
Eros
Definition
Survival and sexual instincts.
Term
Fixation
Definition
The condition of being partly stuck in a stage of psychosexual development.
Term
Free Association
Definition
A therapy procedure of saying without hesitation whatever comes to mind.
Term
Genital Stage
Definition
The final stage of development, characterized by mature and mutual sexual involvement with another.
Term
Id
Definition
The original, primitive component of personality; the source of all energy.
Term
Identification
Definition
Developing feelings of similarity to and connectedness with another person.
Term
Insight
Definition
An emotional re-experiencing of earlier conflicts in your life that occurs during therapy.
Term
Intellectualization
Definition
The process of thinking about something clinically and without emotion.
Term
Introjection
Definition
Absorbing the values of your parents into your superego.
Term
Latency Period
Definition
The period in which the crises of the phallic stage give way to a temporary calm.
Term
Latent Content
Definition
The underlying sources of symbolic dream images.
Term
Libido
Definition
The collective energy of the life instincts.
Term
Life Instincts or Sexual Instincts
Definition
Survival and sexual instincts.
Term
Manifest Content
Definition
The images that makeup the dream experience as it's recalled.
Term
Moral Anxiety
Definition
The fear of behaving in conflict with the superego's moral code.
Term
Neurotic Anxiety
Definition
The fear that your id impulses will get out of control and get you into trouble.
Term
Oedipus Complex
Definition
The mix of desire for the opposite sex parent and fear of or hatred for the other parent.
Term
Oral Stage
Definition
The first stage of psychosexual development, in which oral needs create a crisis over weaning.
Term
Parapraxis
Definition
A slip of the tongue, behavior, or memory.
Term
Penis Envy
Definition
A girl's envy of males resulting from feelings of having been castrated.
Term
Phallic Stage
Definition
The third stage of development, in which a crisis occurs over sexual desire for the opposite-sex parent.
Term
Pleasure Principle
Definition
The idea that impulses should be gratified immediately.
Term
Preconscious
Definition
The region of the mind that corresponds to ordinary memory.
Term
Primary Process
Definition
The id process that created an unconscious image of a desired object.
Term
Projection
Definition
Ascribing a threatening urge or quality in yourself to someone else.
Term
Projective Techniques
Definition
As assessment in which you project from the unconscious onto ambiguous stimuli.
Term
Rationalization
Definition
Finding a plausible but incorrect explanation for an unacceptable action or event.
Term
Reality Anxiety
Definition
The fear caused by real danger in the world.
Term
Reality Principle
Definition
The idea that actions must take into account the constraints of external reality.
Term
Reality Testing
Definition
The ego's checking to see whether plans will work before they are put into action.
Term
Repression
Definition
The process of preventing an idea or impulse from becoming conscious.
Term
Resistance
Definition
An attempt to avoid becoming conscious of threatening material in therapy.
Term
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Definition
A projective test that uses inkblots as ambiguous stimuli.
Term
Secondary Process
Definition
The ego process of rationally seeking an object to satisfy a desire.
Term
Structural Model
Definition
Freud's model of three components of personality.
Term
Sublimation
Definition
Alteration of an id impulse into a socially acceptable act.
Term
Superego
Definition
The component of personality that seeks moral perfection.
Term
Thanatos (Death Instincts)
Definition
Self-destructive instincts, often turned outward as aggression.
Term
Topographical Model
Definition
Freud's model of three regions, or areas, of the mind.
Term
Transference
Definition
The displacement onto your therapist of feelings that are ties to an object of conflict.
Term
Unconscious
Definition
The region of the mind that's not accessible to consciousness.
Term
Wish Fulfillment
Definition
The creation of an unconscious image of a desired object.
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