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Perspectives on Personality
Chapter 6 - Carver/Scheier 7th edition
39
Psychology
Undergraduate 4
04/01/2015

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Term
Adoption Study
Definition
A study of resemblances between children and their adoptive and biological parents.
Term
Allele
Definition
Some version of a particular gene.
Term
Approach Temperament
Definition
The temperamental tendency to approach rewards.
Term
Assortative Mating
Definition
Mating based on choice of specific characteristics, rather than at random.
Term
Avoidance Temperament
Definition
The temperament tendency to avoid threats.
Term
Behavioral Genetics
Definition
The study of the inheritance of behavioral qualities.
Term
Candidate Gene Strategy
Definition
Testing specific genes because evidence links them to particular biological processes and theory links those processes to personality.
Term
Cerebrotonia
Definition
Avoidance of interaction, restraint, pain sensitivity, and mental intensity approaching apprehensiveness.
Term
Concordance
Definition
Agreement on some characteristics between a twin and a co-twin.
Term
Directional Selection
Definition
Evolution in which one extreme of a dimension is more adoptive than the other.
Term
Dizygotic (DZ) Twins
Definition
Fraternal twins (overlapping genetically 50%, on average).
Term
Ectomorphy
Definition
A tendency toward frail thinness.
Term
Effortful Control
Definition
A tendency to be focused, restrained, and planful.
Term
Endomorphy
Definition
A tendency toward obesity.
Term
Epigenetic
Definition
An effect that isn't on DNA but affects DNA functioning and can be inherited.
Term
Gene Expression
Definition
Activity in which the gene engages in the process that create a protein.
Term
Genetic Similarity Theory
Definition
The idea that people work toward reproducing genes similar to their own.
Term
Genome
Definition
The sequence of the genes contained in the full complement of chromosomes.
Term
Genome-wide Association Study (GWAS)
Definition
Study in which all genes are tested at once.
Term
Genomics
Definition
The study of how alleles of specific genes related to other observed differences.
Term
Genotype
Definition
The particular version of a gene that a given person or group has.
Term
GxE
Definition
Gene-by-environment interaction, in which the environment produces different outcomes depending on genetic composition.
Term
Heritability
Definition
An estimate of how much variance of some characteristics is accounted for by inheritance.
Term
Inclusive Fitness
Definition
The passing on of genes through the survival of relatives.
Term
Mesomorphy
Definition
A tendency toward muscularity.
Term
Methylation
Definition
The attachment of methyl chemical groups to a gene or surrounding material.
Term
Molecular Genetics
Definition
They study of how alleles of specific genes relate to other observed differences.
Term
Monozygotic (MZ) Twins
Definition
Identical twins (overlapping genetically 100%).
Term
Nonshared Environment Effect
Definition
An effect of the environment that makes twins differ.
Term
Quantitative Genetics
Definition
The study of how much variance in a characteristic is attainable to genetics versus environment.
Term
Polymorphism
Definition
The characteristic of having more than one allele for a given gene.
Term
Reciprocal Altruism
Definition
Helping others with the expectation the help will be returned.
Term
Siblings
Definition
Brothers an sisters.
Term
Sociobiology
Definition
The study of the evolutionary basis for social behavior.
Term
Somatotonia
Definition
Qualities such as boldness, assertiveness, and desire for adventure and activity.
Term
Stabilizing Selection
Definition
Evolution in which intermediate values of a dimension are most adaptive.
Term
Temperaments
Definition
Inherited traits that appear early in life.
Term
Twin Study
Definition
A study comparing the similarity between MZ twins against the similarity between DZ twins.
Term
Viscerotonia
Definition
Qualities such as relaxation tolerance, sociability, love of comfort, and easygoingness.
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