Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Personality
Vocabulary covering important terms from Unit 7
42
Psychology
12th Grade
12/12/2012

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Personality
Definition
An individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
Term
Free Association
Definition
In psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial/embarrassing
Term
Psychoanalysis
Definition
Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts
Term
Unconscious
Definition
According to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, memories; according to contemporary psychologists, information processing of which we are unaware
Term
Id
Definition
Unconscious energy that strives to satisfy basic sexual/aggressive drives; operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification
Term
Ego
Definition
Conscious, "executive," personality that mediates between demands of id and superego; operates on reality principle, satisfying id's desires by avoiding pain
Term
Superego
Definition
Part of personality that represents internalized ideals and morals
Term
Psychosexual Stages
Definition
Childhood stages of development (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital) during which the id focus's on different erogenous zones
Term
Oedipus Complex
Definition
A boy's sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of hatred/jealousy for the rival father
Term
Identification
Definition
Process by which children incorporate their parents' values into their developing superegos
Term
Fixation
Definition
Lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved
Term
Defense Mechanisms
Definition
In psychoanalytic theory, the ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality
Term
Repression
Definition
In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety by erasing thoughts/feelings/memories from consciousness
Term
Regression
Definition
Defense mechanism in which an individual faced with anxiety retreats to a more infantile psychosexual stage
Term
Reaction Formation
Definition
Defense mechanism by which the ego unconsciously switches unacceptable impulses with their opposites
Term
Projection
Definition
Defense mechanism by which people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others
Term
Rationalization
Definition
Defense mechanism that offers self-justifying explanations for one's actions
Term
Displacement
Definition
Defense mechanism that shifts sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person; redirecting anger
Term
Denial
Definition
Defense mechanism by which people refuse to believe or perceive painful realities
Term
Collective Unconscious
Definition
Carl Jung's concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species' history
Term
Projective Test
Definition
Personality test that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger a projection of one's inner dynamics
Term
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Definition
Projective test where people make up stories while looking at pictures
Term
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Definition
Most widely used projective test that analyzes peoples' interpretations of inkblots
Term
Terror-Management Theory
Definition
Explores people's emotional and behavioral responses to reminders of their impending death
Term
Self-actualization
Definition
According to Maslow, an ultimate psychological need that is at the top of hierarchical motivations; motivation to fill one's potential
Term
Unconditional Positive Regard
Definition
According to Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance towards another person
Term
Self-concept
Definition
Our thoughts and feelings about ourselves
Term
Trait
Definition
Characteristic pattern of behavior or disposition
Term
Personality Inventory
Definition
Questionnaire on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors
Term
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Definition
Most widely used personality test; identifies emotional disorders among other uses
Term
Empirically Derived Test
Definition
Developed by testing a pool of items and selecting those that discriminate between groups
Term
Social-Cognitive Perspective
Definition
Views behavior as influenced by the interaction between people's traits and social context
Term
Reciprocal Determinism
Definition
Interaction influences of behavior, internal cognition, and environment
Term
Personal Control
Definition
Extent to which people perceive control over their environment rather than feeling helpless
Term
External Locus of Control
Definition
Chance or outside forces determine our fate; we have no control
Term
Internal Locus of Control
Definition
We control our own fate
Term
Learned Helplessness
Definition
Hopelessness and passive resignation we learn when unable to avoid repeated aversive events
Term
Positive Psychology
Definition
Scientific study of optimal human functioning; aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that enable us to thrive
Term
Self
Definition
Center of personality; organizer of thoughts, feelings, actions
Term
Spotlight Effect
Definition
Overestimating how much others notice us
Term
Self-esteem
Definition
One's feelings of high or low self-worth
Term
Self-serving bias
Definition
Readiness to perceive oneself favorably
Supporting users have an ad free experience!