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| An individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting |
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| In psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial/embarrassing |
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| Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts |
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| According to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, memories; according to contemporary psychologists, information processing of which we are unaware |
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| Unconscious energy that strives to satisfy basic sexual/aggressive drives; operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification |
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| Conscious, "executive," personality that mediates between demands of id and superego; operates on reality principle, satisfying id's desires by avoiding pain |
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| Part of personality that represents internalized ideals and morals |
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| Childhood stages of development (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital) during which the id focus's on different erogenous zones |
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| A boy's sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of hatred/jealousy for the rival father |
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| Process by which children incorporate their parents' values into their developing superegos |
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| Lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved |
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| In psychoanalytic theory, the ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality |
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| In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety by erasing thoughts/feelings/memories from consciousness |
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| Defense mechanism in which an individual faced with anxiety retreats to a more infantile psychosexual stage |
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| Defense mechanism by which the ego unconsciously switches unacceptable impulses with their opposites |
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| Defense mechanism by which people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others |
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| Defense mechanism that offers self-justifying explanations for one's actions |
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| Defense mechanism that shifts sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person; redirecting anger |
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| Defense mechanism by which people refuse to believe or perceive painful realities |
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| Carl Jung's concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species' history |
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| Personality test that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger a projection of one's inner dynamics |
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| Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) |
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| Projective test where people make up stories while looking at pictures |
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| Most widely used projective test that analyzes peoples' interpretations of inkblots |
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| Explores people's emotional and behavioral responses to reminders of their impending death |
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| According to Maslow, an ultimate psychological need that is at the top of hierarchical motivations; motivation to fill one's potential |
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| Unconditional Positive Regard |
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| According to Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance towards another person |
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| Our thoughts and feelings about ourselves |
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| Characteristic pattern of behavior or disposition |
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| Questionnaire on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors |
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| Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) |
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| Most widely used personality test; identifies emotional disorders among other uses |
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| Developed by testing a pool of items and selecting those that discriminate between groups |
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| Social-Cognitive Perspective |
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| Views behavior as influenced by the interaction between people's traits and social context |
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| Interaction influences of behavior, internal cognition, and environment |
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| Extent to which people perceive control over their environment rather than feeling helpless |
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| External Locus of Control |
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| Chance or outside forces determine our fate; we have no control |
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| Internal Locus of Control |
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| Hopelessness and passive resignation we learn when unable to avoid repeated aversive events |
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| Scientific study of optimal human functioning; aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that enable us to thrive |
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| Center of personality; organizer of thoughts, feelings, actions |
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| Overestimating how much others notice us |
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| One's feelings of high or low self-worth |
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| Readiness to perceive oneself favorably |
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