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Murray coined in 1938
need to understand the whole person (ex. using unstructured interviews) |
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| tendency to believe vague generalities about ones personality |
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| institutional review board |
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| explains research and states participants rights so that he/she can decide to participate |
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must be voluntary
no threats
no inappropriate financial inducements
no harm |
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| fully explains research and hypotheses to participants |
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term comes from latin word 'persona'
prominent characteristics (ex. happy, eccentric, no personality, etc.) |
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Definition
| represent differences in people |
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| important components of personality |
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Definition
1. organization
2. ABC triad
3. conveys a sense of consistency
4. captures a sense of personal distinctiveness
5. suggests internal origins of thoughts feelings and behaviors
6. helps in predicting and understanding behavior |
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Term
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Definition
Early theatre
Religion
Biological science
psychological testing |
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| intrapersonal functioning |
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Definition
| represents processes that underlie thoughts feelings and behaviors |
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Definition
coined personology
focused on needs and motivations |
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emphasized uniqueness of individuals
focused on organization |
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Definition
| when high values of one variable are associated with low values of another variable |
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Definition
| explain what is known AND predict new information or events |
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| what characterizes a Good Theory |
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Definition
Comprehensive
Parsimonius
Falsifiable
Productive
Appealing |
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Definition
| focused on structure of "psychological situations" |
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Definition
| plan one uses for gathering psychological data |
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case study
correlational
experimental |
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| key to personality theories |
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Definition
description
motivation
development |
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| experimental research examines |
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Definition
| (examines) variation due to variation from manipulated characteristics |
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| to examine the combined effect two or more variables have on an outcome variable |
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| make general statement about each individual variable and the dependent measure |
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| how different raters compare |
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| indirect means of determining what a person is like |
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| understanding the function of the specific individual |
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| assumes that the nervous system is an important element of personality |
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Definition
| reflects consistency within a set of items intended to measure the same construct |
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Term
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Definition
the average of all possible split- half correlations
.7 is the best |
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Term
| (types of info) Objective |
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Definition
| measure of concrete reality that involves no interpretation |
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Definition
| related to something that is not supposed to be related to |
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| measure how well a scale correlated with some known reality |
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| we tend to view ourselves as above average or exceptional |
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| Empirical (data-based) Approach |
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Definition
| empirically driven from many items |
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Definition
| when high values of one variable are associated with high values of another variable |
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| Rational (Theoretical) Approach |
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Definition
start with conceptualization
select items to fit conceptualization
test validity and reliability |
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Definition
| expectations based on gender |
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Definition
| fail to take into account the relevant culture of person being tested |
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| (types of info) Subjective |
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Definition
| measures that involve interpretation |
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Definition
| hard time accurately recalling previous experiments |
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Definition
| assess the extent to which two variables are related |
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| key features of correlation |
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Definition
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| ability to apply a conclusion to a broad range of people |
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| variable the researcher manipulates |
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| the variable the researcher measures |
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| (examines) variation due to naturally occurring characteristics in groups that exist naturally |
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readiness to answer in a particular way
aquiescene: yes
nay saying: no
random response
social desirability: portray oneself in a positive light |
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| characteristics of an experiment |
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Definition
manipulation of variables
random assignment to conditions
exertion of experimental control
measurement of effects of manipulation |
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Definition
| quality of the effect of one variable on the dependent measure depends on the effect of the other variable |
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Definition
| each component is related to what it is supposed to be related to |
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Definition
are you measuring what you think you are?
dont include anything that doesnt relate |
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accuracy of measurement
(does it measure what is it supposed to?) |
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