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| 3 issues of the person situation debate |
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Definition
1) Does the personality of individual transcend the immediate situation and provide a consistent guide to actions or is what a person does utterly dependent on the situation in at the time?
2) Are common, ordinary intutions about people fundamentally flawed or basically correct?
3)Why do psychologists continue to argue about the conisitency of personality, when the basic emperical questions were settled long ago? |
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Situations are more important that traits
assumes that personality tests are a waste of time |
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| There is no trait that you can use to predict someone's behavior with enough ________ to be useful |
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| upper limit for predictability of given behavior |
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| persons and situations constantly interacting with each other to produce behavior |
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questions are not open to interpretation
'
examples:
-yes/no
-true/ false
-numeric scale |
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| statistical method for finding order amist chaos |
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| reality does not exisit- only human ideas of reality |
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| absense of perfect, infalliable criteria for determining truth does not mean that all interpretations of reality are equally correct |
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assembling pieces of info (appearance, style, and language) that converge on a common conclusion
- IF IT WALKS LIKE A DUCK, QUACKS LIKE A DUCK, AND LOOKS LIKE A DUCK==ITS A DUCK! |
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| degree to which 2 or more people make the same judgements about the same person's personality |
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| the degree to which a measurement or judgement can predict a person's behavior |
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| one measure can be used to predict another |
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| affects relationship between two variables |
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| devout major amount of time to one single trait in order to find out everything possible about that one trait |
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| attack behavior of interest with as many traits as possible |
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| which traits are most important? |
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| focuses on patterns of traits that characterize whole persons and sorts patterns into types |
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| tendency to be obediaent and submissive to established leaders and church |
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| authoritarioan aggression |
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| tendency to act with aggressive hostility toward anyone who is described by authorities as a threat |
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| tendency to follow traditions and social norms that are endorsed by society and the people in power |
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| 100 traits to describe personality |
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| healthy psychological adjustment |
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important aspects of human life will be labeled with words
if something is truedly important it will have many different words for all languages |
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Extraversion
Agreeableness
Conscientiousness
Neuroticism
Openness |
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| origins of personality and degree to which it is stable from childhood through old age |
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lies under thamalus
repsonsible for regulating the body's instincts
-HB
-BP
-hunger
-thirst
-sex drive |
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outer layer of brain
complex thought |
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| lies in front of external brain ability to plan ahead, reason, and anticipate consequences |
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electroencephalography
EEG |
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| ELECTRODES are placed on scalp to pick up electrical signals generates by brain activity |
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magnetoencephalography
MEG |
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| uses delicate sensors to detect magnetic indications of brain activity |
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Positron Emission Tomography
PET SCAN |
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| creates a map of brain activity by following location of a harmless radioactive tracer injected into bloodstream |
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Functional magnetic resonance imaging
fMRI |
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Definition
| Monitors magnetic pulses generated by oxygen in the blood to map where the brain is most active at a given moment |
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ascending reticular activating system
ARAS |
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Definition
| Part of upper brain stem which information flows through into the brain and stimulates brain |
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forms outer layer of the brain
cognitive functions such as speech, planning, and interpreting |
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| somatic marker hypothesis |
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Definition
Damasio
Emotions enable the brain to make decisions that maximize good outcomes and minimize bad ones
focus on what is really important |
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| connects to halves of the brain and serves as communicator between them |
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| important for processing information about time and space and reacts reapidly to threats |
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important for experience of normal emotions
projects inhibitory circuts into amygdala |
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| nerve cells that connect through complex pathways |
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| messengers between neurons |
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| what neurons travel across |
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biological substances that affect the body in locations different from where they were produced
travel in bloodstream |
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| peripheral nervous system |
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| neuronal networks that extend through the body |
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body's natural painkilling hormone
inhibits the neuronal transmission of pain |
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| neurotransmitter that turns motivation to action |
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inhibition of behavioral impulses
ex:
stopping oneself from doing something attractive yet dangerous) |
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sits on top of kidneys
releases hormones important to behavior |
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| promotes nurturant and socialable behavior along with relaxation and reduction of fear |
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| sex hormones primarily in males |
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| sex hormone primarily in females |
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hormone that is part of body's preperation for action
can speed heart rate, raise blood pressure, stimulate muscle strength and metabolize fat |
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| pattern of behavior relevant to more than one situation |
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| tries to determine whether differences in a trait correlate with differences in a particular gene across individuals |
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| different forms of the same gene |
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nongenetic influences on a gene's expression
-stress
-eating habits
-sleep |
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| what one looks for in opposite sex |
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| how one handles heterosexual relationships |
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