Term
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Definition
| A motive is used to explain why people behave the way the do. It implies a need that is seeking to be met . Often caused because of a deficit. Can be conscious or unconscious. |
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Term
| What is the TAT and how can it measure needs? |
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Definition
| The Thematic Apperception Test is an ambiguous stimuli that Pps describe. Said that their inner needs, motives, and unconscious are projected into their description (measures need for achievement, power, and intimacy among other things). Measures implicit motivation (unconscious). |
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Term
| What 3 attributes of activities do people with a high nAch enjoy? |
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Definition
1) moderate difficulty
2) feedback is available
3) they are personally responsible for outcome |
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Term
| What is field-dependence? |
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Definition
| Perception based off of context. These people usually gravitate towards the humanities and teaching. |
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Term
| What traits does one observe in someone who is high in intimacy? |
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Definition
| A recurrent preference or readiness for warm, close, communicative interaction with others. Usually has a few close friends, prefers sincere and meaningful conversations. More expressive & communicative than lowInt. |
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Term
| Who created the 'hierarchy of needs'? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is positive self-regard? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 2 types of personality variables for nAch? |
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Definition
1) work-mastery orientation: desires to work hard, seek challenges, meet internal standards of success.
2) competitive orientation: enjoys competing with others; desire to win & outperform them. |
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Term
| What is a fully functioning person (Rodgers)? |
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Definition
| Someone who is on the path to self-actualization. One who pays attention to their inner experiences and focuses upon personal growth. |
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Term
| What is field-independence? |
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Definition
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Term
| On the theory of intelligence, what is the entity theory? |
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Definition
| Views intelligence as fixed. |
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Term
| What are the 4 cognitive levels of interest to personality psychologists? |
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Definition
| 1) Perception 2) Interpretation 3) Beliefs and desires 4) Intelligence |
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Term
| What is locus of control? |
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Definition
| The degree to which people believe they are personally responsible (or not) for life events and outcomes (internal .vs external continum) |
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Term
| What are the components of a pessimistic explanatory style? |
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Definition
| internal, stable, global. --> feelings of helplessness. |
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Term
| How can our personality be revealed through our personal projects? |
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Definition
| It reflects daily life that we experience. |
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Term
| What is prevention focus? |
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Definition
| Concerned with protection, safety, and prevention of negative outcomes (beh’s: vigilance, caution, preventative attempts). |
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Term
| What things does a person with hPwr seek to control or influence? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some interesting attributes of people with an internal locus of control? |
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Definition
| Generally report fewer health problems & have greater academic success in all grade levels. |
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Term
| What is desire for control? |
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Definition
| How much people want to have. |
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Term
| What are some characteristics of a person with a high desire for control? |
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Definition
| Assertive, 'talk your ear off', likes to have the last word, argues persuasively, interrupts more, seek out power positions in social and political situations. |
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Term
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Definition
| The belief that we can do specific behaviors to achieve a goal or get a specific result (not just believing we have control in our lives). |
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Term
| What are the 4 states of self-efficacy? |
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Definition
Mastery experience: by mastering an activity we see that we have what it takes.
Vicarious experience:seeing that (and how) others accomplish a task helps us believe we can too (and learn how to); modeling.
Physiological states:judge their capabilities based on their bodies reactions to things.
Social persuasion: others verbally encouraging us that we have what it takes. |
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Term
| What is the hierarchy of needs from bottom to top? |
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Definition
| Physical, Safety, Belonging, Esteem, Self-Actualization |
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Term
| What is it called, in terms of thinking about intelligence, when one thinks that intelligence can increase and decrease based on working on it? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A person is focused upon growth, advancements, and accomplishments (beh’s: eagerness, approach |
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Term
| How is happiness defined? |
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Definition
| The judgement that life is satisfying, and the predominance of positive emotions to negative. |
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Term
| What are some explanations for differences in the expression of anger & hostility? |
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Definition
| People prone to anger & hostility have immune systems in a heightened state of awareness, always in a 'fight or flight' response and thus negative affect. |
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Term
| What is affect intensity? |
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Definition
| How intensely someone experiences their emotions. |
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Term
| What is the diathesis-stress model? |
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Definition
| A stressful life event triggers depression in an individual with an existing vulnerability (or diathesis) to depression. |
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Term
| What is Private Self-Consciousness? |
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Definition
| Concerned with examining ones own moods, motives, mental processes, fantisizes, looks inside self. |
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Term
| What does Beck's cognitive theory have to say about the diathesis-stress model? |
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Definition
| Suggests that this vulnerability is because of a cognitive schema & a negative cognitive triad. |
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Term
| What's a negative cognitive triad? |
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Definition
| Negative feelings about the self, future, and the world. |
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Term
| What is the 'ought self'? |
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Definition
| The self that we feel others expect/want us to be. |
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Term
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Definition
| The awareness that we are an objet in the world observable and judgeable by other human beings. High self awareness can induce high shyness. |
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Term
| What is the 'ideal self'? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| How one feels about ones self concept. |
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Term
| What kind of person wants to project a successful, thriving, prosperous self image? |
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Definition
| A person with high self-esteem. |
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Term
| What is a social identity? |
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Definition
| The parts of the self that are outwardly expressed, publically available and socially observable. |
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Term
| What are the pillars of positive psychology? |
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Definition
| Positive emotions, positive traits, and positive institutions. |
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Term
| What is the self determination theory? |
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Definition
| That the self is the agent of actions/behaviors. Based in 3 fundamental needs: autonomy, relatedness, competence. |
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Term
| How does the way we define our self concept change with age? |
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Definition
| In childhood, more concrete things like gender, age, family relations. As we age, we think of the self in more abstract terms. |
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Term
| What are possible selves? |
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Definition
| Ideas of the self in the future, or the self we fear, other concepts of who we could be. Possible selves act as a link between our thoughts and our behaviors. |
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Term
| What is the Regulatory Focus Theory? |
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Definition
| there are different ways of approaching the same end state in terms of the self (promotion vs. prevention) |
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Term
| What are 3 the ways parents can help a child develop high self-esteem? |
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Definition
1) unconditional positive regard
2) existence of clear, strong, and consistent expectations of behavior
3) Give the child freedom and respect for behaviors that are within the limits & express positive approval when the child meets these. |
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Term
| What is Public Self-Consciousness? |
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Definition
| Concerned about appearance, social behavior, and impression they make on others. |
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