Term
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Definition
The set of psychological traits and mechanisms within the individual
that are organized and relatively enduring
and that influence interactions and adaptations to the environment. |
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Term
| What is the purpose of doing research on personality? |
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Definition
To contribute to the body of knowledge
To help the human condition |
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Term
| How can we do research on personality? |
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Definition
Clinical
Correlational
Experimental |
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Term
How is data obtained on personality?
What are the strengths and weaknesses of each? |
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Definition
Self-report: shame and ideals for oneself can bias oneself during such questionnaires. However, you have unique insights into your personality that other may not notice.
Other-report:????????????
Observation: Can be objective measurements such as heart rate, however may not show whole picture, such as public records. |
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Term
| What are the criteria for determining whether a measure of personality is any good? |
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Definition
Reliability: score= true score+error
Validity
If they can be generalized to others
If they are meaningful |
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Term
| What can evolution tell us about personality? |
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Definition
Evolution gives us the stable aspects of our personality.
Natural selection: survival benefit
Sexual Selection |
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Term
| What can evolution tell about YOUR personality? |
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Definition
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Term
| In a burning building we would save who first and why? |
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Definition
| Our relative because we subconsciously want to save our DNA. |
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Term
| Why are guys more jealous of their romantic partner's infidelity vs. attachment and woman are the opposite? |
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Definition
| Because guys need an egg to spread, their DNA, and women need a father figure for their child. |
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Term
| Define natural selection, sexual selection, inclusive fitness theory, and evolved solution. |
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Definition
Natural selection: survival benifit
Sexual Selection: mating benefit
Inclusive Fitness Theory: Refers to the amount of offspring you can add or help. |
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Term
| Ears are handy places to hang eyeglasses earrings. Did they evolve for that reason? What is this called? |
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Definition
| No, it is known as an adaptation byproduct. |
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Term
| Maternal nurturance is such a wonderful quality. Did it evolve because it’s so charming? What do we call such phenomena? |
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Definition
| No, its a psychological requirement for kids to be nurtured. It is an evolutionary adaptation, those children who were not nurtured did not survive so there DNA was not passed on. |
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Term
| Social anxiety is so distressing. Why does it appear at all among human beings? Doesn’t that mean it must be an acquired characteristic (i.e., learned in the course of one’s life, not genetically transmitted). |
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Definition
| Social anxiety is what kept us in check in social situations so that we don't do things to hurt the community nor our odds of continuing existence. This means that it is probably an acquired characteristic. |
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Term
| Evolutionary Perspective on sex differences |
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Definition
Men and women have faced different adaptive challenges.
Reproductive constraints, strategy, and quality.
Differences in aggression. |
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Term
| Evolutionary Psychologists on aggression |
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Definition
| Aggressive competition among males for females, ????polygyny????? |
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Term
| Evolutionary psychologists upon individual differences. |
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Definition
Environmental effects on species-typical patterns
Adaptive self-assessment
Frequency-dependent strategies |
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Term
| Limitations of the evolutionary perspective? |
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Definition
Lack of causal certainty
Hard to do research
Selection pressures have changed |
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Term
| Basic assumptions of Behavior according to psychoanalytic theory |
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Definition
All behavior is intentional (motivated), behavior is not additive
Its all sex, and aggression |
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Term
| It is said that Freud painted a very unflattering picture of human nature. What were his critics referring to? |
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Definition
| He said we are dominated by biological urges, Amoral, Without free will, "doomed" by early experience, "fragile", incapable of self-help. |
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Term
| Many people think of themselves as self-aware, self-determining human beings. What is there in psychoanalytic thinking to contradict this image? |
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Definition
| Freud believes that we are without free will, our early experiences define us and incapable of self-help, and dominated by biological urges. |
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Term
| What do we mean by the tri-partite model of personality and how does it function? |
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Definition
| This includes the Id, Ego and Superego. The Id is the animalistic desires for basic needs. The ego is that which holds us back. The superego is the one that balances the two. |
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Term
| I want to become aware of aspects of my personality of which I am unaware. According to Freud, what should I do? According to Eysenck, what should I do? |
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Definition
| Freud thinks we should go get psychoanalyzed, so that we can peer into our sub- and unconscious. |
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Term
| Many of Freud’s ideas have been dismissed as culture and time-bound, not as truths about personality. Describe one of these and account for its falling into disfavor. |
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Definition
| His opedipal crisis theory, which has never actually been proven wrong however there is no proof for it at all so... |
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Term
| Is there an unconscious? How do you know? How would you subject this concept to empirical examination? |
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Definition
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