Term
|
Definition
| Freud believed that one's gender determines, to a large extent, one's personality characteristics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when issues arise with no clear solution, and a person arbitrarily chooses one solution to end a debate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| psychological state that exists when basic hostility is repressed. It is the general feeling that everything and everyone in the world is potentially dangerous and that one is helpless relative to those dangers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anything parents do that undermines a child's security/safety |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| feeling generated in a child if needs for safety and satisfaction are not consistently and lovingly attended to by the parents |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| denying or ignoring certain aspects of experiences because they are not in accordance with one's idealized self-image |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dividing one's life into various components with different rules applying to the different components |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| person who uses moving toward people as the major means of reducing basic anxiety |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| strategy in which a person believes in nothing and is therefore immune to the disappointment that comes from being committed to something that is shown to be false. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| person who uses moving away from people as the major means of reducing basic anxiety |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| opposite to arbitrary rightness. This person is highly indecisive. without commitments to anything this person is seldom, if ever, wrong |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| guarding against anxiety by denying oneself emotional involvement in anything |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| belief that the causes of one's major experiences are external to oneself |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| person who uses moving against people as the major means of reducing basic anxiety |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fictitious view of oneself, with its lists of "shoulds" that displaces the real self in the neurotic personality |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| adjustment to basic anxiety that uses the tendency to exploit other people and to gain power over them. Horney referred to these people as the hostile type |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| adjustment to basic anxiety that uses the need to be self-sufficient. Horney referred to these people as the detached type |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| adjustment to basic anxiety that uses the need to be wanted, loved, and protected by other people. Horney referred to these people as the compliant type. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ten strategies for minimizing basic anxiety |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| giving "good" but erroneous reasons to excuse conduct that would otherwise be anxiety provoking (used the same way Freud did) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| self that is healthy and conducive to positive growth. view of this self can be distorted by basic evil and cause neurotics to view it as negative, but it remains a source of potential health and positive growth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| child's need for security and freedom from fear that Horney believed must be satisfied before normal psychological development could occur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| meeting such physiological needs as those for water, food, and sleep required for a child's biological survival |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process of self-help that Horney believed people could apply to themselves to solve life's problems and to minimize conflict |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when one's idealized self is substituted for the real self, one's behavior is governed by several unrealistic "shoulds" |
|
|
Term
| List the 10 neurotic trends |
|
Definition
| 1. need for affection and approval, 2. need for a dominant partner, 3. need to live one's life within narrow limits, 4. need for power, 5. need to exploit others, 6. need for social recognition and prestige, 7. need for personal admiration, 8. need for ambition and personal achievement, 9. need for self-sufficiency and independence, and 10. need for perfection and unassailability |
|
|
Term
| need for affection and approval |
|
Definition
| Neurotic Trend: a person emphasizing this need lives to be loved and admired by others. "center of gravity in others and not in self, with their wishes and opinions the only thing that counts; dread of self-assertion; dread of hostility on the part of others or of hostile feelings within self" |
|
|
Term
| need for a dominant partner |
|
Definition
| Neurotic Trend: a person emphasizing this need must be affiliated with someone who will protect him or her from all danger and fulfill all of his or her needs. "Over-evaluation of 'love' because 'love' is supposed to solve all problems; dread of desertion; dread of being alone" |
|
|
Term
| need to live one's life within narrow limits |
|
Definition
| Neurotic Trend: a person emphasizing this need is very conservative, avoiding defeat by attempting very little. "Necessity to be undemanding and contented with little, and to restrict ambitions and wishes for material things; necessity to remain inconspicuous and to take second place; belittling of existing faculties and potentialities, with modesty the supreme value." |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Neurotic Trend: a person emphasizing this need glorifies strength and despises weakness. "Domination over others craved for its own sake; essential disrespect for others, their individuality, their dignity, their feelings, and only concern being their subordination; indiscriminate adoration of strength and contempt for weakness; dread of uncontrollable situations; dread of helplessness" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Neurotic Trend: a person emphasizing this need dreads being taken advantage of by others but thinks nothing of taking advantage of them. "Others evaluated primarily according to whether or not they can be exploited or made use of; pride in exploitative skill; dread of being exploited and thus being 'stupid'" |
|
|
Term
| need for social recognition and prestige |
|
Definition
| Neurotic Trend: a person emphasizing this need lives to be recognized - for example, to have their name in the newspaper. The highest goal is to gain prestige. "All things - inanimate objects, money, persons, one's own qualities, activities, and feelings - evaluated only according to their prestige value" |
|
|
Term
| need for personal admiration |
|
Definition
| Neurotic Need: a person emphasizing this need lives to be flattered and complimented. This person wants others to see him or her in accordance with the idealized image that he or she has of themselves. "Need to be admired not for what one possesses or presents in the public eye but for the imagined self; self-evaluation dependent on living up to this image and on admiration of it by others" |
|
|
Term
| need for ambition and personal achievement |
|
Definition
| Neurotic Trend: a person emphasizing this need has an intense interest in becoming famous, rich, or important, regardless of the costs. "Need to surpass others not through what one presents or is but through one's activities; self-evaluation dependent on being the very best - lover, sportsman, writer, worker - particularly in one's own mind, recognition by others being vital too, however, and its absence resented" |
|
|
Term
| need for self-sufficiency and independence |
|
Definition
| Neurotic Trend: a person emphasizing this need goes to great extremes to avoid being obligated to anyone and does not want to be tied down to anything or anyone. Enslavement is to be avoided at all costs. "Necessity never to need anybody, or to yield to any influence, or to be tied down to anything, any closeness involving danger of enslavement; distance and separateness the only source of security; dread of needing others, of ties, of closeness, of love" |
|
|
Term
| need for perfection and unassailability |
|
Definition
| Neurotic Trend: a person emphasizing this need attempts to be flawless because of hypersensitivity to criticism. "Relentless driving for perfection; feelings of superiority over others because of being perfect; dread of finding flaws within self or of making mistakes; dread of criticism or reproaches" |
|
|
