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Personality Disorders
Personality Disorders
66
Psychology
Graduate
11/28/2012

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Term
What are the 3 types of disorders that Cluster A Personality Disorder include?
Definition
Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal
Term
What are 4 types of disorders that Cluster B Personality Disorder Include?
Definition
Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, Narcissistic
Term
What are 3 types of disorders that Cluster C include?
Definition
Avoidant, Dependent, Obsessive-Compulsive
Term
Is there a sharp contrast between personality and personality disorder?
Definition
No.  Many of the same processes involved in the development of a "normal" personality are responsible for the development of a personality disorder
Term
When is PD diagnosed?
Definition
When an individual has a maladaptive pattern of perceiving, thinking, and relating that impairs social, occupational and other areas of functioning.
Term
What are some examples of maladaptive patterns?
Definition
Lack of insight, does not understand impact of their behavior, does not accept consequences of their behavior, when threatened, want to change environment rather than changing their own behavior, unable to relate to others.
Term
What is Egosyntonic?
Definition
Behaviors, values, feelings, which are in harmony with or acceptable to the needs and goals of the ego, or consistent with one's ideal self-image
Term
Egodystonic?
Definition
Behaviors, values, feelings that are inconflict with the needs and goals of the ego
Term
What are the 4 areas that maladaptiv patterns manifest?
Definition
Behavioral, Affective, Cognitive, Sociocultural
Term
What do you see in Behavioral Maladaptive patterns?
Definition
Exhibit impulsive behaviors that cause negative consequences.  Ex:  seductive behavior, self-harm behaviors, violence directed toward others
Term
What do you see in Affective Maladaptive Patterns?
Definition
Extreme emotional reactions.  Unreasonably excessive.  "Over the top"
Term
What do you see in Cognitive Maladaptive Patterns?
Definition
Maladaptive ways of perceiving and assigning meaning to self, others and events.  MIsinterpret other people's actions or reactions.  Dysfunctional ways of responding.  
Term
What do you see in Sociocultural Maladaptive Patterns?
Definition
They have an intense effect on others, often negative.  Unsatisfying interpersonal patterns of response
Term
Personality disorders are listed on which Axis of the DSM IV?
Definition
Axis 2
Term
When are "Traits" noted?
Definition
"traits" are noted when a patient does not meet the full criteria for a given PD.
Term
what are the first 2 steps to diagnosing PD?
Definition
Assess level of functioning in the 4 areas.  Physical examination to rule out an underlying physical or organic cause for symptoms
Term
What are the 2 psychologicla evaluation and formal testings used for PD?
Definition
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2, and Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III.
Term
What makes dianosis particularly challenging at times?
Definition
Some patients meet criteria for several PDs.
Term
What is the final step for dianosis of PDs?
Definition
Toxicology Screening.  Intoxication with certain substances can mimic the features of a personality disorder (extreme emotions when drunk)
Term
Treatment of PDs typically focus on enhancing what areas for patient?
Definition
Enhancing patient's coping skills, solving short-term probelms, and building relationship skills through counseling, psychotherapy and education
Term
What else is a method of treatment for PDs?
Definition
Long term psychotherapy
Term
What medications are given for Cluster A Personality Disorders?
Definition
antidepressants, and low-dose antipsychotics
Term
Medication for Cluster B Personality Disorder?
Definition
Anticonvulsant mood stabilizing agents and MAOIs
Term
Medication for Cluster C Personality Disorders?
Definition
antianxiety agents
Term
PDs affect what portion of the US population?
Definition
10-15%
Term
What kind of PDs are more commonly diagnosed in men?
Definition
Antisocial and Obsessive-Compulsive PD
Term
What PDs are more commonly found in women?
Definition
Dependent and Histrionic
Term
When do PDs have onset?
Definition
adolescence or early adulthood
Term
Which cluster may have shorter life span due to impulse control, suicidal behavior, and comorbid substance abuse?
Definition
Cluster B
Term
What are comorbidities for PDs?
Definition
mood or anxiety disorders and substance abuse
Term
Cluster A's are considered to have what kind of behavior?
Definition
Odd or Eccentric (Paranoid; Schizoid; Schizotypical)
Term
Cluster B's are considered to have what kind of behavior?
Definition
Dramatic, Emotional, or erradic Behavior (Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, Narcissistic)
Term
What kind of behavior do Cluster C's exhibit?
Definition
Anxious or fearful behavior; insecurity and inadequacy
Term
What are some characteristics of Cluster A: Paranoid?
Definition
Distrust and suspiciousness towards others.  Hostile, irritable, angry, neither desires nor enjoys close relationships, blame others for shortcomings and do not take responsibility for their own feelings and behaviors
Term
What is the nursing dianosis for Cluster A: Paranoid?
Definition
Disturbing Thought Process
Term
What are Interventions for Cluster A: Paranoid?
Definition
Reality orientation, brief sessions, objective approach, respect personal space, role playing, medication
Term
What medications are given to Cluster A: Paranoid?
Definition
Anxiolytics for anxiety; antipsychotics for paranoid ideation, quasi-delsional thinking, and severe agitation
Term
What are characteristics of Cluster A: Schizoid?
Definition
Expressively impassive, unengaged, introverted, reclusive, distant, apathetic, emotionally detached.  Isolated loners.  
Term
What are characteristics of SchizotypaL?
Definition
Odd beliefs leading to interpersonal difficulties.  Symptoms of schizophrenia but less severe.  Mood is constricted or inappropriate.  With excessive social anxieties.  
Term
What are the characteristics of Cluster B: Antisocial?
Definition
"Sociopaths" or "psychopaths".  Disregard for and violation of the rights of others.  Overt confidence, poor work history, legal problems, injuries secondary to fights and assaults, multiple sexual partners.  
Term
What is the Nursing Diagnosis for Anti-Social Cluster B?
Definition
Risk for Other-Directed Violence
Term
What are interventions for Antisocial Cluster B?
Definition
Set clear and realistic limits, appear calm and in control, guard against being manipulated, avoid confrontations, anger management
Term
What medications are used to treat Antisocial behaviors?
Definition
Mood stablilizers (lithium, depakote), Beta Blockers (inderal) and Stimulants (methylphenidate)
Term
What are characteristics of Cluster B: Borderline?
Definition
Instability in mood, impulse control, and interpersonal relationships.  Unpredictable, and erratic. "splitting".  Inappropriate anger, dichotomous thinking
Term
What is "Splitting?"
Definition
See overall life experiences in terms of extremes- either all good or all bad.
Term
What is Cluster B:  Borderline Nursing Dianosis?
Definition
Risk for Self-Directed Violence, Risk for Self-Mutilation, Risk for Suicide
Term
What are Nursing Interventions for Borderline?
Definition
Safety, Set limits, "no self-hard" contract, behavior medification, medication
Term
Medications for Borderline?
Definition
Antipsychotics for anger, hostility, brief psychosis.  Antidepressants for impulsivity.  Benzodiazapines for anxiety.  Mood stabilizers for lability.  
Term
What is another affective therapy for borderline disorder?
Definition
Dialectical Behavioral Therapy 
Term
What are characteristics for Histrionic?
Definition
Excitable, emtional and behave in a colorful, dramatic, extroverted manner.  
Term
What are characteristics of Narcissistic?
Definition
Heightened sense of self-importance, grandiose feelings of uniquness.  Need constant admiration from others and exaggerate their own importnace and accomplishments.  
Term
What are characteristics of Cluster A Avoidant?
Definition
Show extreme sensitivity to rejection.  "Inferiority Complex"
Term
What are characteristics of Dependent DO?
Definition
Subordinate needs to those of others.  Get others to assume responsibility for major areas of their lives.  Can't stand being alone...
Term
What is the most frequently seen personality DO seen in a clinical setting?
Definition
Dependent
Term
What are treatements for Dependent DO?
Definition
Therapy, Assertiveness training, medication
Term
What are characteristics of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder?
Definition
Characterized by perfectionism with a focus on orderliness and control, strive to keep world predictable and organized.  
Term
How does obsessive compulsive disorder differ from OCD?
Definition
No obsessions/compulsions
Term
What is the nursing diagnosis for Paranoid?
Definition
Disturbed Thought Process
Term
What are the Nursing Diagnoses for Schizoid?
Definition
Impaired Social Interactions, Chronic Low Self-Esteem
Term
What are the Nursing Diagnoses for Schizotypal?
Definition
Social Isolation, Chronic Low Self-Esteem, Ineffective Coping
Term
What are nursing diagnoses for Antisocial?
Definition
Dysfunctional Family Processes, Disturbed Thought Processes, Risk for other Directed Violence, Ineffective Role Performance
Term
What are the nursing diagnosis for Borderline?
Definition
Insomnia, Risk for Self-mutilation, Ineffective Coping, Disturbed Thought Processes, Chronic Low Selfesteem
Term
Nursing Diagnosis for Narcissistic?
Definition
Impaired Social Interactions
Term
Nursing Diagnosis for Avoidant?
Definition
Chronic Low Self-Esteem
Term
Nursing Diagnosis for Dependent?
Definition
Ineffective Individual Coping, Low Self-esteem
Term
Nursing Diagnosis for Obsessive-Compulsive?
Definition
Anxiety, Decisional Conflict, Impaired Social Interaction
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