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Personality 114-1
Personality 114-1
52
Psychology
Undergraduate 3
01/13/2009

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Four ways to collect Data
Definition

BLIS

  • Behavior
  • Life Outcomes
  • Informants' judgments
  • Self judgements
Term
theory
Definition

can't be proved true

it can only be supported by empirical evidence

Term
why do we have different theories?
Definition
  • complicated phenomenon
  • measurements have error
  • issues of reliability, validity, and generalizability
  • cohort/history effects for measurement as well as theory creation
Term
Erikson's 8 stages of Man
Definition

• Trust vs. mistrust

• Autonomy vs. shame/doubt

• Initiative vs. guilt

• Industry vs. inferiority

• Identity vs. identity confusion (adolescence)

• Intimacy vs. isolation

• Generativity vs. stagnation

• Integrity vs. despair

Term
Erikson had this type of development approach rather than Freuds " " appraoch
Definition
Erikson: Psychosocial development, rather than Freud: psychosexual
Term
basic tenets of Freud
Definition

Psychic determinism

internal structure

psychic conflict (compromise)

mental energy

Term
psychic determinism
Definition
(One of Freud's Basic Tenets)
  • There is a reason for everything.
  • Psychoanalysis serves to uncover the unknown reasons through “insight”
  • There are no accidents or slips of the tongue.
  • There are reasons for conversational turns
Term

Internal Structure

(Of Freud's Theory of Psychoanalyis)

Definition

Unconscious

Preconscious

Conscious

Term

unconscious

(Psychoanalytic Theory)

Definition
  •  Instinctual elements, the “phylogenetic endowment” or experiences we all inherit by being human
  • Material has been barred from our consciousness and affects our consciousness indirectly
Term

Preconscious

(Psychoanalytic theory)

Definition
•    Part of the unconscious, but which can be easily made conscious. Memories you can recall
•    The holding tank for memories of conscious
Term

Conscious

(Psychoanalytic Theory)

Definition
•    A very small portion of the mind
•    What we are aware of at any given moment, including what we can perceive in the environment
•    That which has passed the censorship of the conscious and preconscious
Term

Unconscious drives

(Of Freud's Internal Structure)

Definition

Impulses

-life supporting (libido, sexual)

-death supporting (aggresive)

Term
Two types of unconscious impulses
Definition

life supporting

death supporting

Term
4 components of impulses (Freud's unconscious impulses)
Definition

Source: where did impulse arise?

Aim: to reduce need or give satisfaction.

Impetus: amount of energy used to satisfy impulse

Object: thing/action that serves to satisfy impulse

Term
Internal Structure of Psychoanalytic Theory
Definition

Id

Ego

Superego

Term
Id
Definition

(part of internal structure)

•    Reduce tension
•    Increase pleasure
•    Minimize discomfort
 

(pleasure principle)

Term
Ego
Definition

(part of internal structure)

•    Ensure health of personality
•    Ensure safety of personality
•    Ensure sanity of personality


(relatity principle)
 

Term
Superego
Definition
 (part of internal structure)
•  Act as conscience and restrict, prohibit, judge conscious activity
•    Observe the self
•    Form ideals. Parents/society values and standards
•    Conscience/guilt

 (moral principle)

Term

Psychic conflict arises with issues between these three things....

 

(according to Freud)

Definition

Id (pleasure)

Ego (reality

Superego (moral)

Term
Freud's Psychosexual stages of development
Definition

OAPLG

 

Oral

Anal

Phallic

(Latency?)

Genital

Term
Characteristics of Freud's Theory of Psychosexual development
Definition
  • Development stage progression
  • Resolution of challenges/crises/tasks
  • Closed system, finite amount of energy
  • A primary erogenous zone for each
  • Something specific to each stage that must be resolved before you can advance.
    • May be cognitive, emotional, etc
  • Fixations
  • Inhibit stage progression
  • Create a need for additional energy, and therefore less available for continued development
Term

Oral Stage

 

-time period

-body part

-psychological theme

-adult character type

 

Definition
  • Infancy-18 months
  • Mouth, lips, tongue-primary erogenous zone or “physical focus”
  • Where the life force and orimary feelings of pleasure are concentrated
  • Bond created with mother through breastfeeding
  • Psychological Theme: dependency/wants
  • Adult character type: (fixated-additional energy devoted)
    • Extremely independent (and/or)
    • Extremely dependent
Term
Anal Stage

 

-time period

-body part

-psychological theme

-adult character type

 

Definition
  • The toddler steps out and world steps in
  • 18mo to 3.5 yrs
  • walking-autonomy
  • physical focus-anus and eliminative organs
    • retention/expression
  • Psychological Theme: wants interrupted, self control
  • Adult Character Type:
    • Anal-overly concerned with control
    • No self control
Term

Phallic Stage

characteristics

time period

physical focus

psychological theme

adult character type

Definition
•    4-7 yrs
•    Physical focus-penis or lack there-of
•    Home of the Oedipus Complex
Psychological Theme: what it means to be boy or girl: identification
Love, sexuality, fear, jealousy
Development of morality and sexuality
Adult Character type:
Extreme moral code/asexual
Extreme lack thereof/promiscuous

Term
Genital Stage
Definition

•    Other gender has cooties
•    Adolescence/puberty
•    Physical focus-genital
•    Attitudes toward sexuality
•    Added component of reproduction, responsibility toward nurturance of new life
Psychological Theme:

Maturity

Adult Character Type:

Not attained at all?

How much libidinal energy is left

Army analogy: fixation and regression

Term
Freud's definition of Mental health
Definition
"To love and to work"
Term
Important parts of Freud's theory
Definition
•    Other important points
o    Tension and resolution
o    Moderate solution
•    If needs are met every time: overdependence
•    If needs are never met: overly independent
o    Sets up points of divergence for future theorists (Neo Freudians, object relations, psychodynamic)
Term
Defense Mechanisms of Freud
Definition

Repression

Denial

Reaction Formation

Projection

Rationalization

Intellectualization

Displacement

Sublimation

Term

(DM)

denial of anxiety or anxiety producing event

short term solution: psychological breather

Definition
denial
Term
repression
Definition
•    Banishing of past from present awareness
•    A “psychological dam” between the person and the anxiety
•    Managing not to think about it-without denying its existence
•    Requires energy
Term
reaction formation
Definition
•    Exaggerated opposite reaction to the forbidden impulse
•    Strong opposite reactions
    common examples: porn, homosexuality
•    Lack of proportion
Term
projection
Definition
•    Projecting unwanted impulses upon someone else
•    Attributing thoughts, behavior, or impulses in others are feared by oneself “I work with a bunch of monkies”
Term
rationalization
Definition
•    Common use of providing rational explanation to oneself for thoughts, behaviors, or emotions that would cause anxiety or shame otherwise
    Obvious
    Given sincerely
Term
•    Distancing oneself from anxious feelings, but turning them into more analytical and technical thoughts
    Common in warfare, medicine
    A mental gap or barrier
    Psychology? Theories and abstractions
Definition
Intellectualization
Term
•    Moving impulses from an unsafe target to a safe target
•    Similar and socially acceptable target
Definition
Displacement
Term
•    Channeling unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable impulses
•    Constrictive use of impulses
•    Occupational choice often used as an example (surgeon, nfl player)
Definition
sublimation
Term
outcomes of defense mechanisms
Definition

successfully defend anxiety

OR

uncontrolled leaks: parapraxes or Freudian slips

controlled leaks: humor

Term
controlled leak
Definition
humor
Term
freud says accidents are:
Definition
THERE ARE NO ACCIDENTS
Term
Four examples of Neo-Freudians
Definition

Jung

Adler

Erikson

Mahler

Kohut

Term

Jung used archetypes.

What are archetypes?

Definition
•    Archetypes-part of the collective unconscious
o    A universal thought form(idea) that contains a large element of emotion
•    Sun god/ supreme being
•    Mother
•    Philosopher king
•    Hero
•    Wise old man
•    Birth/rebirth
•    Death
Term
Other concepts of Jung
Definition

Shadow

Persona

Anima/Animus

Self

Synchronicity

Term
Shadow
Definition

(One of Jung's concepts)

"dark side” of the ego, primitive past

amoral from animal perspective, but looks more brutal and darker surviving and reproducing

 

Term
Persona
Definition
•    Public self, the “personality” you put on, like a mask before you interact with others
Term
•    Society molds us into male/female, thus in an effort to balance that out- we must integrate the opposited side of ourselves…+++ look this up more+++
Definition
Anima/Animus
Term
•    The most important, the goal of developing this (individuation) is incorporating archetypal energies into the conscious self (ego).
Definition

One of Jung's Concepts:

 

SELF

Term
•    Indication of how we are connected via the collective unconscious
Definition

One of Jung's Concepts:

SUNCHRONICITY

Term
Jung's 4 Functions
Definition

Thinking

Feeling

Sensing

Intuiting

Term
Adler
Definition
o    Satisfying drives vs. social and cultural interests
o    Ego as creative self, seeking fufillment
•    Striving
o    Consciousness: front and center
o    Living “as if”- by fictional ideas
o    Social component to development
Term
Erikson said...
Definition
o    “Life span development”- development occurs throughout life and not just in childhood
o    Characteristic developmental “crises” or tasks occur and must be mastered
Psychosocial development
Term
Parts of Identity Development
Definition

Identity achievement

identity foreclosure

identity moratorium

Identity diffusion

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