vector

bug that carries a pathogen

localized vs systemic infection

in 1 place or all over

4 types of pathogens

fungus (yeast infections)

protozoan  (malaria)

parasitic worm (tapeworm)

prions - degeneration of the CNS (transmissible spongiform encephalopathies)

3 methods of acquired immunity

natural  (get disease)

artificial (get vaccine)

passive  (get antibodies)

types of white blood cells (3)

neutrophils - attack and ingest pathogens

macrophage - devour pathogens and worn-out cells

lymphocytes - travel in blood stream (T-cells...fighters....and B-cells...antibodies)

memory T and B's come into play with immunity

release of histamine

(the inflammatory response)

heat, redness, swelling

WBC's invade and attack

immunoglobulin

common type of allergic response

immunoglobulin is released from mast cells at exposure to allergen

anaxphylaxis

rare and sometimes fatal allergic response in which hystamine is release all over the body

immunotherapy

shots to get rid of allergies

bacterial STI's (3)

chlamydia

• most frequent
• worse for women
• leads to pelvic inflammatory disease and epididymitis (inflammation of testicles)
• symtoms show in 1-5 weeks

ghonorrhea

• can lead to PID
• can make babies blind
• symptoms show in 2-30 days
• nasty discharge from penis, urethritis, epididymitis
• ppl with it more likey to transmit HIV

syphilis

• flesh to flesh sore
• 3 stages
•     1. primary-cancre (10-90 days after expo)
•     2. Secondary-rash on hands/feet, fever, hair loss
•     3. latent - dementia, blindness, death. appears 6 months - 2 years later

trichomoniasis

parasitic STD

women:

• vagina
• appears 5-30 days later
• green smelly discharge
• small red ulcerations
• risk: premature baby, increased risk of getting HIV

men:

• urethra
• discharge
• itchy inside penis

viral STD's

HPV

• 20% of Americans aged 15-59
• appears within a week to a year (9 months for warts)
• Condyloma=warts; dysplasia=precancer

Herpes

• HSV-1: oral herpes
• HSV-2: genital herpes
• 1 in 5 have HSV-2, but 90% don't have symptoms

Hepatitis B

• damage to the liver
• dark yellow urine and yellowish skin

HIV

• considered aids when CD4 helper Tcells fall below 200

cornstock law

[image]anti obscenity act that banned birth control

margaret sanger fought

1964

unmarried women still couldn't buy birth control

Tubal Ligation

oncogene

gene that drives a cell to grow and divide, no matter what kind of signals are coming in from outside

metastasis

spread of cancer from original place to lymph nodes or in bloodstream and throughout the body

sarcomas

These cancers arise from connective and fibrous tissues like muscle, bone, cartilage, and the membranes covering muscles and fat.

frequently effect the lungs

lymphomas

These cancers develop in the lymph nodes, which are part of the body’s infection-fighting (immune) system.

leukemias

arise in blood-making sites, mainly in bone marrow

cancer grades

1 - slightly abnormal and well differentiated

2 - moderately ab. and more diff

3 - very ab. and poorly diff

4 - immature and undifferentiated

cancer stages

1 - small and localized

2 - moderate and localized, maybe in lymph nodes

3 - def in lymph nodes

4 - spread to somewhere else like lungs or bones

which cancers DO NOT have a screening test?

lung, leukemia, lymphoma

mastectomy

removal of entire breast

uterine cancer...aka...

endometrial cancer

basal cell carcinoma

most common form of skin cancer

doesn't metastasize

squamos cell carcinoma

20% of cancer

on lips usually

may metastasize after a really long time