Diabetes 

Smoking 

• A cramp in the muscle with ambulation due to obstruction in arterial blood flow
• Usually comes on with activity 

• A form of arteriosclerosis
• Hardening and thickening of vessel walls "Hardening and Gruel"
• Smooth muscle cells and collagen fibers migrate to tunica intima 

• Pressure
• Resistance
• Poiseuille Formular of law 

• Viscosity
• Radius
• Length 

• Velocity
• Laminar vs. turbulent flow
• Vascular compliance 

• Myocardial infarction
• Valve disease
• Endocarditis
• Dysrhythmias
• Heart failure 

• The result should be between .9 to 1.3 
• This means that your blood pressure in your ankle and your arm should be about the same 
• This would indicate that you do not have PAD of blockage of flow 

• It treats narrowed arteries bu creating a bypass around a section of an artery that is blocked
• This new pathway is created with a graft 

• In situ
• Reversed
• Composite
• Saphenous Vein 
• Biosynthetic (man made)

What is Buerger's Disease

thromboangiitis Obliterans?

• An inflammatory disease of peripheral arteries resulting in nonatherosclerotic lesions
• It obliterates the small and medium sized arterise  

• Young men
• Smokers

• Pain
• Tenderness
• Hair loss in affected area
• Can often lead to gangrenous lesions

• Episodic vasospasm (ischemia) in arteries and arterioles of the fingers 
• (less common in toes)

• Secondary to other systematic diseases of conditions
• Collagen vascular disease

• Smoking
• Pulmonary hypertension
• Myxedema
• Envoiornmental factors 
• Cold
• Vibrating machinery 

• Red 
• White
• Blue 

• Coronary Capillaries
• Coronary Veins
• Coronary lymphatic vessels 

• Obstruction of venous flow
• Leads to increaded venous pressure

Virchow's Triad

• Venous stasis
• Endothelial damage
• Hypercoagulable states (consistency of blood)

• Blood clot that moves to another site
• Blocks circulation causing an obstruction in blood flow
• Pulmonary embolism 

• Chronic swelling
• Stasis dermatitis
• Venous ulcers 

•  A vein with pooled blood
• Distened, tortuous, and palpable veins 

• Trauma
• Gradual venous distention 

• Varicose veins
• Valvular incompetence 

• Gravity 
• Valves
• Muscles contractions
• Thoracic pressure
• Abdominal pressure
• Arterial flow
• Right atrial pressure 

• Specialized vascular system 
• Picks up excess fluid and returns it to the bloodstream 
• Afferent and efferent lymphatic vessels 

• Consists of water and small amounts of dissolved proteins
• Primarily albumin