Term
| Sympathetic Actions in the Body |
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Definition
Pupil Dilation
Flow of saliva inhibited
Accelerated heartbeat
Bronchi dilate
Peristalsis & Secretion inhibited
Glycogen converted from glucose
Adrenaline/Noradrenaline secreted
Bladder contraction inhibited |
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Term
| Parasympathetic Actions in the Body |
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Definition
Flow of saliva stimulated
Heartbeat slows
Bronchi constrict
Peristalsis & Secretion stimulated
Release of bile stimulated
Bladder contract |
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Term
Alpha 1 Receptors
Action Site, Stimulation, Blockage |
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Definition
Action Site: Eyes, arterioles, male sex organs, prostate capsule, & bladder
Stimulation: mydriasis(pupil dilation), arteriole constriction, ejaculation, prostate capsule contraction & bladder contraction
When Alpha 1 is Blocked: Miosis(pupil constriction), arteriole dilation, abnormal ejaculation, postate capsule relaxation, bladder relaxation |
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Term
Alpha 2 Receptors
Action Site, Stimulation, Blockage |
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Definition
Action Site: Presynaptic nerve terminals
Stimulation: Inhibition of transmitter release(norepinephrine)
When Alpha 2 is Blocked: ... |
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Term
Beta 1 Receptors
Action Site, Stimulation, Blockage |
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Definition
Action Site: Heart & Kidneys
Stimulation: Increase heart rate, Increase force of contraction, Increase AV conduction velocity, Renin release
When Beta 1 is Blocked: Decreased Heart rate, Decreased force of contraction, Decreased AV conduction velocity, Suppression of renin release |
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Term
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Definition
Action Site: Arterioles, Bronchi, Uterus, Liver, Skeletal Muscle
Stimulation: Arteriole dilation, Bronchial dilation, Uterine relaxation, Glycogenolysis at the liver, Increased muscle contraction & glycogenolysis in the muscles
When Beta 2 is Blocked: Constriction & Glycogenolysis is inhibited |
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Term
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Definition
Sympathetic Nervous System
"fight or flight"
adrenalin, epinephrine, norepinephrine |
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Term
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Definition
Parasympathetic Nervous System
"rest & digest"
acetylcholine |
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Term
| "Muscarinic" & "Nicotenic" |
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Definition
Parasympathetic Nervous System
"rest & digest" |
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Term
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Definition
"lytic": blocks
"mimic": to act like |
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Term
Dopamine 1 Receptors
Action Site & Stimulation |
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Definition
Action Site: vessels, proximal tubule, renal tubules
Stimulation: peripheral vasodilation, maintain or increase GFR, natriuresis, diuresis |
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Term
Dopamine 2 Receptors
Action Site & Stimulation |
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Definition
Action Site: vessels, glomerulus, renal vessels, adrenal cortex
Stimulation: peripheral vasodilation, decreased GFR, decreased renal blood flow, decreased sodium and water excretion, decreased aldosterone |
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Term
Atropine
[no specific name brand]
Muscarinic antagonist
Uses & Doses |
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Definition
Uses: severe bradycardia, PEA[pulseless electrical activity], asystole, preop-med, eye exams
Doses: 0.4-0.6mg causes slight effect,
1-2mg large doses used for emergencies, inhibits vagal stimulation in heart |
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Term
Atropine
[no specific name brand]
-Muscarinic Antagonist-
Adverse Effects & Precautions |
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Definition
Adverse Effects: dry mouth, blurred vision, increased IOP, urinary retention, constipation, decreased sweat, tachycardia, asthma[bronchial secretions=mucus plugs], some drowsiness
Precautions: avoid driving, hepatic disease, ulcerative colitis, BPH[urinary retention], CAD, CHF, arrhythmias, tachycardia[increased workload on the heart], HTN |
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Term
Epinephrine
-Adrenergic Agonist-
Uses & Adverse Effects |
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Definition
Uses: cardiac arrest, AV block, asthma, severe hypotension, anaphylactic shock
Adverse Effects: hypertensive crisis, dysrhythmias, angina, hyperglycemia, tissue necrosis if IV infiltrates
*Q: is this affect different from Atropine?... |
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Term
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Definition
Know how to use...
Release activator/tab, hold near outer thigh, inject firmly, once you stab the leg hold for 10sec., massage area for 10sec.
Call 911 if you have to use one, reaction may continue... |
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Term
norepinephrine [Levophed]
Action, Uses & Adverse Effects |
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Definition
Action: similar to epinephrine, except does not stimulate Beta 2 receptors... very strong vasoconstrictor
Uses: cardiac arrest, severe hypotension[2nd line drug]
Adverse Effects: digital necrosis r/t intense peripheral vessel constriction
*Usually a last ditch drug* |
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Term
Dopamine
Action, Uses & Contraindications |
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Definition
Action: adrenergic agonist/catecholamine precursor to nor-epi, dose dependent actions... low dose acts on dopamine receptors, moderate dose actions on dopamine & Beta 1 receptors, high doses act on dopamine, Beta 1 & Alpha 1 receptors
Uses: shock, heart failure, acute renal failure
Contraindications: pheochromocytoma[adrenal gland tumor], uncontrolled tachycardias, V-fib
*Critical drug given in ICU/Step down units only* |
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Term
dobutamine [Dobutrex]
-beta adrenergic agonist-
Info & Contraindications |
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Definition
Similar to dopamine, but slightly less tachycardic effects
More Beta 1 receptor effect, almost no Alpha effect
Used more in short Rx of cardiac decompression/contractility
Contraindication: idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis[septum & left ventrical enlarge all the way to the subaortic area] |
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Term
pilocarpine [Akarpine]
-cholinergic agonist-
Action, Uses, Contraindications & Adverse Effects |
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Definition
Action: direct-acting cholinergic agonist w/opthalmic uses
Uses: glaucoma, induction of miosis to counteract sympathomimetics in surgery or opthalmic procedures, xerostomia... Usually topical[eye drops], can be oral - this may affect all secretory glands[increased salivation]
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, pregnancy
Adverse Effects: transient stinging, tearing, burning & ciliary spasm... Systemic effects r/t autonomic stimulation and bronchospasm and cholingergic crisis, blurred vision, myopia |
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Term
pilocarpine [Akarpine]
-cholinergic agonist-
Maximizing Therapeutic Effects/Minimizing Adverse Effects & Patient Teaching |
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Definition
Maximizing Therapeutic Effects: proper instillation[press lacrimal duct], oral administration regularly spaced throughout the day
Minimizing Adverse Effects: Antidote for systemic overdose = Atropine, monitor bronchial spasm or allergic reaction[ABCs], provide toileting needs if systemic effect, Remove contact lenses
Patient Teaching: Caution re: blurred vision/night driving, proper administration, follow eye exams/eye pressure readings |
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