Term
| What are the tissues of the periodontium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What supplies nutrients to the periodontal structure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is one of the most important functions of the PDL? |
|
Definition
| shock absorber for nerves/vessels |
|
|
Term
| What are the fibers called that attach cementum to bone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are transeptal fibers? |
|
Definition
| imbedded in cementum of adjacent teeth, ortho |
|
|
Term
| Where are aveolar crest fibers? |
|
Definition
| apical to JE, extend obliquely from cementum to alveolar bone |
|
|
Term
| What is the largest and most significant group of fibers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do the oblique fibers extend? |
|
Definition
| from cementum coronally to the bone |
|
|
Term
| What direction stress does oblique fibers withstand? |
|
Definition
| mastication, vertical stress |
|
|
Term
| Where do interradicular fibers extend? |
|
Definition
| between roots of multirooted teeth |
|
|
Term
| What are the most prominent cell of the PDL? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are cells that are capable of remodeling bone? Breaking it down? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is plaque induced gingivitis associated with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is plaque induced gingivitis modified by? |
|
Definition
-systemic factors
-nutrition
-medication |
|
|
Term
| What is the origin of nonplaque induced gingivitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 2 specific causes of gingival inflammation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gingivitis results from BLANK at the base of the sulcus. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some hematological disorders that manifest as perio? |
|
Definition
-acquired neutropenia
-leukemia |
|
|
Term
| What are 4 common genetic disorders that cause perio? |
|
Definition
1.familial and cyclic neutropenia
2.downs syndrome
3.papillon-leferve
4.chediak-higashi syndrome |
|
|
Term
| What are some signs of papillon-leferve syndrome? |
|
Definition
| calloused gingiva and calloused palms of hands and soles of feet |
|
|
Term
| What is the only difference between NUG and NUP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the microbes most associated with NUG/NUP? (4) |
|
Definition
1.spriochetes(denticola)
2.fusobacterium
3.prevotella intermedia
4.porphymonas gingivalis |
|
|
Term
| What is the therapy for NUG/NUP? What medication? |
|
Definition
| antibiotics, tetracycline |
|
|
Term
| Why is tetracycline often the antibiotic of choice for NUG/NUP? |
|
Definition
| because it concentrates in the gingival cervicular fluid |
|
|
Term
| What are some common side effects of NUG/NUP? |
|
Definition
-punched out papilla
-pseudomembrane
-odor
-pain
-inflammation |
|
|
Term
| What causes gingival absesses? |
|
Definition
| injury or infection to surface of gingival tissue |
|
|
Term
| What causes a periodontal abscess (lateral periodontal abscess)? |
|
Definition
| infection spreads deep into periodontal pockets and drainage of blocked from food, calc, etc |
|
|
Term
| What may a periodontal abscess develop after? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do pericoronal abscesses develop? |
|
Definition
| around crowns of unerupted teeth |
|
|
Term
| What do periapical abscesses result from? |
|
Definition
| pulp infection, secondary to deep decay |
|
|
Term
| Which radiograph shows a periapical abscess? Periodontal? |
|
Definition
-periapical film shows periapical abscess
-periodontal abscess generally does not show up in image |
|
|
Term
| What is another name for reversible pulpitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is reversible pulpitis? |
|
Definition
| mild pulpal infection from placement of deep restorations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a condition in which there is a connection between a sinus and an extraction site |
|
|
Term
| What are the steps to plaque formation (5) |
|
Definition
1.glycoproteins absorbed onto tooth surface(pellicle)
2.bacteria adhere to pellicle
3.bacteria from matrix (expolysacchride)
4.creation of cohesive biofilm
5.bacteria detachment(planktonic) |
|
|
Term
| What is the nature and severity of the peridontal disease related to? |
|
Definition
| virulence of bacteria and host response |
|
|
Term
| Is the FGM supposed to be stippled? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most obvious result of vascodiliation of the peripherial circulation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does festooned mean? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some local etiologic factors for perio? |
|
Definition
-plaque
-calculus
-restorations(overhangs)
-open contacts |
|
|
Term
| Which is worse, cocci or rods? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is worse, motile bacteria or nonmotile? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is anaerobic bacteria found? |
|
Definition
| in sulcus and periodontal pockets |
|
|
Term
| What are some common bacteria associated with perio? |
|
Definition
-actinobcillus actinomycetem..
-porphymonus gingivalis
-pervotella intermedia
-camphylobacter rectus
-fuscobacterium |
|
|
Term
| Which 2 bacteria are most associated with gingivitis during pregnancy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which bacteria is thought to play a critical role in biofilm formation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What shape are most bacteria associated with peiodontal disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the pellicle formed from? |
|
Definition
| glycoproteins found in saliva |
|
|
Term
| Which bacteria are typically the first to attach? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the extracellular matrix do? |
|
Definition
| makes up the bulk of plaque biofilm, holds bacteria together |
|
|
Term
| What is the bacteria like in subgingival plaque? |
|
Definition
| motile rod/spirochetes gram negative |
|
|
Term
| What may adherent plaque become? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does non-ahearant(planktonic) plaque increase to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the oral physiotherapy aid most suited for the removal of loosely adherent plaque? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| associated with gram - bacteria, can harm PMS's |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some enzymes produced by periodontal bacteria? |
|
Definition
-hyaluronidase
-collagenase(p. gingivalis)
-pennicillinase |
|
|
Term
| What are the stages of periodontal lesions? |
|
Definition
-initial
-early
-established
-advanced |
|
|
Term
Initial:
days
changes
cells |
|
Definition
2-4 days
vasodilation of small capillaries
increase in leukocytes(PMN's) |
|
|
Term
| Stage II early lesion is what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What appears in the early/stage II/gingivitis stage? What develop? |
|
Definition
clinical gingivitis symptoms
rete pegs develop in sucular lining |
|
|
Term
| What are stage IV/advanced lesions? Are they reversible? |
|
Definition
-transition from gingivitis to perio
-irreversible |
|
|
Term
| What are the changes that occur during inflammation? |
|
Definition
-vasoCONSTRITCTION
-vasodilation
-hyperemia
-margination
-pavementing
-diapidesis/emigration
-edema |
|
|
Term
| What is diapidesis/emigration? |
|
Definition
| neutrophils squeeze through endothelial cells and emigrate into the tissue from blood vessels |
|
|
Term
| What is the movement of cells to the site of inflammation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most prevalent cell in acute inflammation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the most active cells in periodontal pockets? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a common primary neutrophil defect or disorder? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deficiency of neutrophils |
|
|
Term
| Which disorders is neutropenia secondary in? |
|
Definition
-downs syndrome
-papillion-leferve
-IBD
-addison's |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| distance from the CEJ to the base of the pocket |
|
|
Term
| What is the best indicator of damage to the periodontium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can scaling in shallow pockets lead to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Periodontal pockets are characterized by BLANK migration of the JE. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the first thing assessed at the re eval appointment? |
|
Definition
| amount of inflammation still present |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
I. early
II.can enter furca but cannot pass through
III.can pass through but cannot see other end
IV. III with recession |
|
|
Term
| Where is arrached gingiva widest? Narrowest? |
|
Definition
Widest-anterior
narrowest-premolars |
|
|
Term
| How wide is the attach gingiva in max and mand anteriors? |
|
Definition
Max- 3.5-4.5 mm
Mand-3.3-3.9 mm |
|
|
Term
| How wide is the attached gingiva in max and mand premolars? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is the width of attached gingiva calculated for palatal surfaces? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you calculate the width of attached gingiva? |
|
Definition
| subtract probing depth from total width of attached gingiva |
|
|
Term
| The crest of the alveolar bone should be how many mm apical to the CEJ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What should the contour of the alveolar bone follow the contour of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a suprabony defect? |
|
Definition
| base of the pocket is coronal to the alveolar bone, all gingival pockets |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| base of the pocket is apical to the alveolar crest |
|
|
Term
| What is primary occlusal trauma? |
|
Definition
| excessive force on tooth with normal bone support |
|
|
Term
| What is secondary occlusal trauma? |
|
Definition
| normal or excessive force on tooth with loss of support |
|
|
Term
| Does occlusal trauma cause periodontal disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens to the PDL with occlusal trauma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protein defect that can contribute to periodontal disease |
|
|
Term
| What 2 nutrients does a healthy periodontium need? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the hormone responsible for pregnancy gingivitis? What does it do? |
|
Definition
| progesterone, causes vascular changes |
|
|
Term
| What is the incubation period for herpes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If is a lesion is unilateral what does that usually mean? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can sodium laurel sulfate cause? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 medications that cause gingival enlargement? |
|
Definition
1.cyclosporine
2.calcium channel blockers(Procardia, niphedipine)
3.phenytoin/Dilantin |
|
|
Term
| How many taking dilantin have gingival hyperplasia? Cyclosporine? |
|
Definition
dilantin- 50%
cyclosporine- 30% |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enlargement due to increase in cell size |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enlargement due to increase in cell number |
|
|
Term
| What are some treatment for severe gingival hyperplasia? |
|
Definition
-gingivectomy
-flap procedures
-laser |
|
|
Term
| What are stillmans clefts? |
|
Definition
| gingival recession caused by improper flossing technique, vertical loss of papilla |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
I- 0.2-1 mm horizontal
II- Over 1 mm horizontal
III- horizontal and vertical |
|
|
Term
| What should be used to check mobility? |
|
Definition
| 2 hand instruments, not fingers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vibration of root surface when pt bites down |
|
|
Term
| Do people who smoke acquire more or less plaque? Have more of less apthous ulcers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do smoker have an increased caries risk? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is hairy leukoplakia associated with smoking? |
|
Definition
| no, it is associated with HIV |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common surgical procedure to reduce pocket depths? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are sutured in osseous surgery used for? |
|
Definition
| to increase the apposition of incision edges and decrease the distance that cells need to migrate to the wound healing |
|
|
Term
| Are 3-wall bony defects or 1-wall bony defects better? |
|
Definition
| 3-wall bony defects are better |
|
|
Term
| Why are periodontal packs containing eugenol not commonly used? |
|
Definition
| because they are irritating to the gintival tissues |
|
|
Term
| What do periodontal dressings do? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is common upon removal of periodontal dressing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are periodontal dressings to prevent plaque formation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does guided tissue regeneration do? |
|
Definition
| uses barrier membrane to block migration of epithelial cells |
|
|
Term
| What is the main reason people receive regenerative procedures? |
|
Definition
| to treat infrabony defects |
|
|
Term
| What is neovascularization? |
|
Definition
| proliferation of new small blood vessels |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 stages of fibrous repair? |
|
Definition
1.blood clotting
2.wound cleansing
3.rebuilding tissue
4.wound remodeling |
|
|
Term
| When is archidonic acid produced? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is archidonic acid metabolized to produce? |
|
Definition
| inflammatory mediators: prostaglandins, leukotrienes |
|
|
Term
| What are some medications that inhibit prostaglandins synthesis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What types of medications inhibit leukotriene synthesis? |
|
Definition
| asthma medications like Singulair |
|
|
Term
| What do prostaglandins cause? |
|
Definition
| pain, swelling, inflammation |
|
|
Term
| What are leukotrienes derived from? What do they cause? |
|
Definition
-leukocytes(mast cells, etc)
-cause airway obstruction, etc |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| through and through, hole in bone from CEJ apically, 1-2mm long, may be as long as the root, gingival recession, bone loss, root exposure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| window of bone loss facial or lingual, places exposed root srface directly in contact with gingival tissue, bordered by alveolar bone on coronal aspect |
|
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