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| known as the father of the modern periodic table |
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| horizontal rows, physical and chemical properties repeat |
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| vertical columns, tend to have some similar behaviors |
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| typically shiny, ductile, malleable, and good conductors of heat and electricity |
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| do not have the properties of metals |
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| have some of the properties of metals |
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| the electrons that are in the shell furthest away from the nucleus (the outermost shell) |
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| the distance from the center of the nucleus to the valence, or outer, electrons |
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| the amount of energy required to remove the most loosely held (outermost) electron from an atom in the gas state |
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| the attraction an atom has fro the shared electrons in a bond |
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