Term
|
Definition
extends from base of the sulcus to the gingival margin
position of gingival margin in health = 1-3 mm coronal to the CEJ
includes interdental papilla
keratinized |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the space between the tooth and the marginal gingiva
healthy sulcus is 1-3 mm in depth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
approximates the apical level of them marginal gingiva are base of the sulcus
found in < 50% of normal gingiva |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
extends from base of gingival sulcus to mucogingival junction
firmly attached to underlying connective tissue and bone
keratinized
stippling
width increases with age |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
presence is variable
greater on facial than lingual
generally lost with inflammation
histology: high connective tissue ridges within the lamina propia elevate the epithelium into slightly rounded surface protrusions |
|
|
Term
| why does the width of attached gingiva increase with age? |
|
Definition
| due to vertical growth of the alveolar process |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
coronal-apical width varies from 1-9 mm (adult)
buccal: widest at incisors, less at canines/molars, least at premolars
lingual: widest at molars and least at incisors |
|
|
Term
| interdental papilla (interdental gingiva) |
|
Definition
fills interdental space
posterior: Col shaped
anterior: pyramidal shaped |
|
|
Term
| what causes the variation in shape of the interdental papilla? |
|
Definition
| surrounding anatomy: tooth position in arch, diastema,, degree of eruption, and missing teeth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
anatomical position where the attached gingiva and alveolar mucosa meet
remains relatively stable throughout adult life
non-keratinized |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
muscle and connective tissue attachment
multiple or single
attachment can be high or low with respect to the gingival margin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
in health = pink (my have physiologic pigmentation
becomes red and/or bluish-red (magenta) with inflammation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| corresponds with the total of the bulk of cellular and intercellular elements and their vascular supply |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
knife-edge, with inflammation/disease can be: enlarged, rolled, or rounded (to varying degrees)
papillary gingiva can become enlarged, blunted, or cratered with disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| governed by the contours of the proximal tooth surfaces and location and shape of gingival embrasures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| normal vs. edematous or fibrotic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| with the exception of during eruption, it is generally found about 2 mm coronal to the CEJ |
|
|
Term
| surface texture of gingiva |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| layer of cells directly on top of the dermis, capable of cell division |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
layer of cells under the granular layer
named for their prickly histological appearance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
layer of cells under the stratum corneum
contain keratohyalin granules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
outermost cell layer of the epithelium
flat dehydrated cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| incomplete keratinization |
|
|
Term
| what keeps the cells of the strata in contact with one another? |
|
Definition
| desmosomes (intercellular junctions) |
|
|
Term
| how long does is take for a cell to transverse the oral epithelium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sequence of events during cell renewal |
|
Definition
cells lose the ability to divide
cells produce increasing amounts of protein and keratin
cells lose ability to produce protein, keratin, and energy source
cells become dehydrated and flat; they lose their nuclei and are filled with keratin; maintain desmosomes
cells are sloughed away into oral cavity as the desmosomes finally degenerate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| macrophage-like cells that are involved in the regulation of tissue function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
epithelial ridges that interdigitate with the connective tissue (papillae) of the lamina propia
increase SA for better attachment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
faces the tooth and extends from the gingival margin to the junctional epithelium
non-keratinized
no rete pegs
strata = basale, spinosum, intermediate, superficial layers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
collar like band of epithelium that surrounds each tooth; it is attached to both the tooth and underlying connective tissue
btw cells there are few desmosomes and few intercellular spaces |
|
|
Term
| how long does cell renewal take in the junctional epithelium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cells of the junctional epithelium are... |
|
Definition
| flat with their long axis parallel to the long axis of the tooth |
|
|
Term
| what is the thickest part of the junctional epithelium? |
|
Definition
| the most coronal part (15-30 cell layers) and tapers as it progresses apically |
|
|
Term
| how does the junctional epithelium attach to the tooth? |
|
Definition
attaches to the cementum of the tooth's surface
comprised of hemidesmosomes, lamina lucida, and lamina densa (adj to tooth)
no rete pegs |
|
|
Term
| what is the primary cell of the lamina propria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the primary fiber type of the lamina propria? |
|
Definition
| collagen (60% of gingival protein) |
|
|
Term
| circular fiber orientation of the lamina propria |
|
Definition
| maintain contour and position of marginal gingiva; encircles gingiva in ring-like fashion |
|
|
Term
| gingivodental fiber orientation |
|
Definition
| provides gingival support |
|
|
Term
| transseptal fiber orientation |
|
Definition
| maintains relationship of adjacent teeth, extends from the cemetum of one tooth to the cementum of another, protects interproximal bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| secure alignment of teeth in the arch |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| provide support for interdental gingiva |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| provide support and contour of attached gingiva |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fluid from gingival sulcus similar to serum
contains amino acids, plasma proteins (immunoglobulin), electrolytes, but in a different ratio than serum
not present in measurable quantities in healthy, uninflammed gingiva |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| connective tissue structure that surrounds the root and connects it to bone. It is continuous with the connective tissue of the gingiva and communicates with marrow space through the vascular channels in the bone |
|
|
Term
| alveolar crest fiber bundles of PDL |
|
Definition
| from cervical cementum to crestal bone just below the junctional epithelium. Counterbalance force of more apical fibers, keeping tooth in socket. |
|
|
Term
| horizontal fiber bundles of PDL |
|
Definition
| extend horizontally from cementum to alveolar bone perpendicular to long axis of tooth. Counterbalance force of more apical and coronal fibers, stabilizing tooth in socket |
|
|
Term
| oblique fiber bundles of PDL |
|
Definition
largest group
extend from cementum coronally to bone. Take occlusal (vertical) forces and transform them to tension forces on bone |
|
|
Term
| apical fiber bundles of PDL |
|
Definition
radiate from cementum to bone at the fundus of the socket
not found with teeth having incompletely formed roots |
|
|
Term
| transseptal fiber bundles of PDL |
|
Definition
| extend interproximally and are embedded in cementum of adjacent teeth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| terminal part of principal fibers of the PDL that insert into cementum and bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fibroblasts, cementoblasts, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, macrophages, and epithelial rest cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alveolar processes are part of both arches
provide housing for the roots of teeth
comprised of alveolar bone proper (adj to tooth), cancellous bone and compact bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
supporting bone
comprised of trabeculae with irregularly shaped marrow spaces |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| superficial or outer surface of buccal and lingual plates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| comprised of dense compact bone and bundle bone (bone with Sharpy's fiber insertion) |
|
|
Term
| interdental bone contour depends on... |
|
Definition
contour of enamel and interdental width (shape of contact)
degree of eruption
position and angulation of the tooth; note that mesiodistal angulation of crestal bone parallels a line joining the CEJ of adj teeth - especially important with tipped or supraerupted teeth
buccolingual width of tooth |
|
|
Term
| facial and lingual bone contour depends on... |
|
Definition
alignment of teeth
angulation of root (if tipped facially = thinner facial plate, if tipped lingually = thicker facial plate)
occlusal forces may result in thicker bone
posterior bone often thicker than anterior |
|
|
Term
| how likely are fenestrations and dehiscences to occur? |
|
Definition
| occur in 20% of teeth with facial>lingual and anterior>posterior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| isolated areas where the root is denuded of bone, leaving only periosteum and gingiva over the root with marginal bone intact |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs when denuded area extends through marginal bone |
|
|
Term
| composition of alveolar bone |
|
Definition
70% inorganic - minerals mostly CaPO4 in form of hydroxyapatite crystals
30% organic - 90% of this is type I collagen, 10% non-collagen protein (glycoproteins, sialoproteins), lipids, proteoglycans
hydroxyapatite crystals are aligned with their long axes parallel to the long axes of the collagen fibers
alveolar bone is the least stable periodontal tissue under constant turnover |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
osteoblasts: produce the organic matrix of bone
osetocytes: resident cells of bone
osteoclasts: resorption of bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
acellular
first cementum deposited on root as Hertwig's epithelial root sheath breaks down exposing follicular connective tissue to root dentin
a large portion of the structure is embedded in Sharpy's fibers
covers cervical 1/3 or 1/2 of root |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cellular
formed after tooth reaches occlusal plane
contains cementocytes in lacunae
numerous fibers in addition to Sharpy's fibers embedded in it
tends to be found in apical 1/3 of root |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
16-60 um in cervical 2/3
150-200 um in apical 1/3 and furcations |
|
|
Term
| sharpy's fibers in cementum |
|
Definition
inserted deep into cementum at right angles to the root surface
they are parallel to the cemental fibril |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 3 types of junctions: overlap 60-65% of cases, edge to edge in 30% of cases and fail to meet in 5-10% of cases (hypersensitivity may occur in these cases) |
|
|
Term
| vascular supply to maxilla |
|
Definition
superior alveolar artery dismisses the dental intraseptal arteries which penetrate the bone and supply the alveolar process, PDL, and gingiva
anterior and posterior superior alveolar aa, infraorbital a, and greater palatine a dismiss the supraperiosteal branches which became the PDL vessels
PDL vessels supply the alveolar process, PDL, and gingiva |
|
|
Term
| vascular supply to mandible |
|
Definition
inferior alveolar a dismisses the dental and intraseptal aa which penetrate the bone ans supply the alevolar process, PDL, and gingiva
buccal, facial, mental, and sublingual aa dismiss the supraperiosteal branches which become the PDL vessels. PDL vessels supply alveolar process, PDL, and gingiva |
|
|
Term
| lymphatic supply to periodontium |
|
Definition
lymph is passed through regional (submandibular, submental, upper deep cervical nodes and lower deep cervical nodes)
submandibular drain all periodontal tissues except for:
palatal gingiva/periodontium of 3rd molars = deep cervical nodes
periodontium of lower incisors = submental nodes |
|
|
Term
| innervation of periodontium |
|
Definition
all nerves from trigeminal
nerves to gingiva: posterior, middle, and anterior superior alveolar, infraorbital, greater palatine, nasopalatine, mental, buccal, and lingual nn
PDL: posterior, middle, anterior superior alveolar, inferior alveolar nn |
|
|
Term
| what are the 4 boundaries of the gingival sulcus? |
|
Definition
| gingival margin, sulcular epithelium, tooth, junctional epithelium |
|
|
Term
| what are the 4 parts of the periodontium |
|
Definition
| gingiva, PDL, alveolar bone, cementum |
|
|
Term
| dental plaque asssociated gingivitis |
|
Definition
| inflammation of the gingiva in the absence of clinical attachment loss |
|
|
Term
| clinical features of dental plaque associated gingivitis |
|
Definition
changes in color - red/reddish purple
bleeding - caused by sulcular epithelium
changes in consistency - edema, fibrosis
changes in contour - enlarged, blunted, cratered
changes in surface texture - loss of stippling, loss of interdental groove and/or free gingival groove
changes in position - pseudopocket |
|
|
Term
| extent of gingivitis (localized vs. severe) |
|
Definition
< 30% = localized
> 30% = generalized |
|
|
Term
| is it possible to have generalized severe, localized moderate chronic periodontitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is it possible to have generalized slight, localized severe chronic periodontitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| drug-induced gingival enlargement |
|
Definition
| overgrowth of gingival tissue frequently without a primary inflammatory etiology that may occur in the absence of any periodontitis (increased probing depths, but no attachment loss) |
|
|
Term
| cause of enlarged gingiva |
|
Definition
| excessive production of collagen fibers by fibroblasts |
|
|
Term
| drugs that frequently induce gingival enlargement |
|
Definition
phenytoin (dilantin - anticonvulsant)
calcium channel blockers (Nifedipine)
cyclosporin A (immunosuppressant/anti-rejection)
rarely - oral contraceptives |
|
|
Term
| causes of nonplaque-induced gingival lesions |
|
Definition
viruses
systemic conditions
genetic predisposition |
|
|
Term
| viral induced nonplaque-induced gingival lesions (Herpetic gingivostomatitis)clinical features |
|
Definition
generalized pain in the gingiva or oral mucous membranes
inflammation, vesiculation, and ulceration of gingiva
lymphadenopathy
fever
malaise |
|
|
Term
| systemic conditions that may induce nonplaque-induced gingival lesions |
|
Definition
mucocutaneous disorders (lichen planis, pemphigus)
allergic reactions (metals, toothpaste, mouthwash, gum, etc) |
|
|
Term
| most common genetic disorder associated with nonplaque-induced gingival lesions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the gingiva and the adjacent attachment apparatus. Characterized by loss of clinical attachment due to destruction of PDL and loss of adj. supporting bone |
|
|
Term
| clinical features of chronic periodontitis |
|
Definition
*loss of attachment*
gingival inflammation
pockets (probing depth over 3-4 mm)
tooth mobility
radiographic bone loss
bleeding/suppuration |
|
|
Term
| extent of chronic periodontitis (localized vs. generalized) |
|
Definition
localized = less than 30% of sites in sextant
generalized = more than 30% of sites in sextant |
|
|
Term
| severity of chronic periodontitis (slight vs. moderate vs. severe) |
|
Definition
slight = 1-2 mm attachment loss apical to CEJ, probing depths 3-5 mm
moderate = 3-4 mm attachment loss apical to CEJ (may be up to 50% attachment loss); deeper pockets, may have mobility, furcation involvements, vertical bone defects
severe = 5 mm or more attachment loss, deep pockets, class II or III mobility, furcation involvement, vertical bone defects likely |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
juvenile periodontitis
affects those who otherwise appear healthy
tends to have familial aggregation with rapid rate of disease progression
occurs in localized and generalized forms |
|
|
Term
| clinical pattern of aggressive periodontitis |
|
Definition
severe attachment loss at young age
rare (~0.2%)
genetically inherited
often age of onset before 35 (circumpubertal onset rare)
may be self-arresting |
|
|
Term
| extent of aggressive periodontitis (localized vs. generalized) |
|
Definition
localized = 1st molar or incisor
localized more prevalent in african american population
generalized more prevalent in caucasian population |
|
|
Term
| systemic disorders that may induce periodontitis |
|
Definition
hematologic disorders = leukemia, neutropenias
genetic disorders = cyclic neutropenia, down syndrome, ehlers-danlos syndrome
diabetes/hormones |
|
|
Term
| necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) |
|
Definition
| acute infection of the gingiva |
|
|
Term
| necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis (NUP) |
|
Definition
| a progression of NUG that includes attachment loss |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ulcerated lesions in oral cavity covered with necrotic debris
gray/white pseudomembrane
fetor oris, pain, bleeding, usually no attaachment loss
fever
lymphadenopathy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| almost always associated with those persons suffering from HIV |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| localized purulent infection that involves the marginal gingiva or interdental papilla |
|
|
Term
| clinical features of gingival abscess |
|
Definition
localized swelling in marginal or interdental gingiva with a red smooth shiny surface
pain
purulent exudate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| localized, purulent infection within tissues adj to the periodontal pocket that may lead to the destruction of PDL and alveolar bone |
|
|
Term
| clinical features of periodontal abscess |
|
Definition
smooth, shiny swelling of gingiva
pain in area of swelling
purulent exudate
increased probing depth
tooth may be sensitive to percussion
may be increased tooth mobility
rapid loss of periodontal attachment |
|
|
Term
| combined periodontal/endodontic abscess |
|
Definition
| localized, circumscribed area of infection originating in periodontal or pulpal tissues. May arise from periodontal pocket, pulpal inflammatory disease, or due to a fractured tooth |
|
|
Term
| combined periodontal/endodontic abscess |
|
Definition
| localized, circumscribed area of infection originating in periodontal or pulpal tissues. May arise from periodontal pocket, pulpal inflammatory disease, or due to a fractured tooth |
|
|
Term
| common mucogingival conditions |
|
Definition
| recession, absence of reduction of keratinized tissue, and probing depths extending beyond the MGJ |
|
|
Term
| anatomic variations that may complicate the management of mucogingival conditions |
|
Definition
| tooth position, frenulum insertions, and vestibular depth |
|
|
Term
| what are periodontal case types used for? |
|
Definition
initially used to describe or type adult periodontitis for insurance companies
still in use for disease severity classification and DH accreditation |
|
|
Term
| limitations of periodontal case types |
|
Definition
not really applicable to NUP, abscesses, and aggressive periodontitis
often more easily applied to sextants than whole mouth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gingivitis - inflammation of the gingiva characterized clinically by gingival hyperplasia, edema, shallow pocket formation (unless hyperplasia), and no bone (attachment) loss |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| slight periodontitis - moderate pockets (3-5 mm) (attachment loss of 1-2 mm), minor-to-moderate bone (attachment) loss, unsatisfactory topography, and slight mobility of teeth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| moderate periodontitis - moderate to deep pockets (5-7 mm) (attachment loss 3-4 mm), moderate-to-severe bone (attachment) loss, unsatisfactory topography, and slight mobility of teeth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| severe periodontitis - deep pockets (7+ mm) (attachment loss 5 mm or more), severe bone (attachment) loss, and advanced mobility patterns (usually having missing teeth), and may become prosthetic reconstruction cases |
|
|
Term
| limitations of periodontal case types |
|
Definition
not really applicable to NUP, abscesses, and aggressive periodontitis
often more easily applied to sextants than whole mouth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gingivitis - inflammation of the gingiva characterized clinically by gingival hyperplasia, edema, shallow pocket formation (unless hyperplasia), and no bone (attachment) loss |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| slight periodontitis - moderate pockets (3-5 mm) (attachment loss of 1-2 mm), minor-to-moderate bone (attachment) loss, unsatisfactory topography, and slight mobility of teeth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| moderate periodontitis - moderate to deep pockets (5-7 mm) (attachment loss 3-4 mm), moderate-to-severe bone (attachment) loss, unsatisfactory topography, and slight mobility of teeth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| severe periodontitis - deep pockets (7+ mm) (attachment loss 5 mm or more), severe bone (attachment) loss, and advanced mobility patterns (usually having missing teeth), and may become prosthetic reconstruction cases |
|
|
Term
| list the elements of a complete periodontal examination |
|
Definition
-gingival tissue visual/physical exam
-use periodontal probe to measure pockets and attachment loss
-use PSR probe to measure PSR score
-assessment of tooth mobility on 0-3 scale w/ 2 instrument handles
-assessment of degree of horizontal attachment loss on 0-3 scale w/ #2 furcation probe
-detection of bleeding on probing
-detection of presence of suppuration on palpation of gingiva
-detection of presence of plaque/calculus
-assessment of occlusal surface
-assessment of radiographs for bone loss |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| greater loss on one tooth than the others |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bone loss is even among all surrounding teeth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
periodontal screening and recording
probing at 6 different sites per tooth, but only 1 site per sextant is recorded (the worst area)
allows for a faster exam |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| no probing depths over 3.5 mm, no calculus, no bleeding on probing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| same as code 0 with bleeding on probing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| same as code 0 with supra or subgingival calculus or defective margins on restorations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deepest probing in sextant between 3.5-5.5 mm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deepest probing over 5.5 mm |
|
|
Term
| steps to measuring probing depth |
|
Definition
-6 sites per tooth are probed for both pocket depth and recession
-measure both at the same location at the same time
-angle prob slightly with tip under contact and maintaining contact with tooth
-always round numbers up! |
|
|
Term
| steps to measuring free gingival margin location |
|
Definition
-distance from free gingival margin to CEJ (tissue covering CEJ = positive, recession = negative)
-same identical 6 spots for probing
-measure for FGM in relation to CEJ
-FGM coronal to CEJ = positive #
-FGM apical to CEJ = negative #
-FGM is at CEJ = 0 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
start at distobuccal surface of tooth
buccal surface - distal, facial, mesial
lingual surface - distal, lingual, mesial |
|
|
Term
| 3 C's of periodontal soft tissue |
|
Definition
| color, contour, and consistency |
|
|
Term
| examinations of furcations completed with ... |
|
Definition
| pig-tail explorer or Naber's furcation probe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| early furcation involvement just into the fluting of the furcation is present. There is no significant destruction of bone or connective tissue in the furcation proper |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| distinct horizontal destruction of the furcation, may extend to any depth within the furcation, but not all the way through |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| destruction of bone and connective tissue all the way through the furcation. Gingival tissues cover the entrance to the furcation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| destruction of bone and connective tissue all the way through the furcation. Gingival recession has occurred to the point that the entire furcation invasion can be seen on visual examination. |
|
|
Term
| examinations of furcations completed with ... |
|
Definition
| pig-tail explorer or Naber's furcation probe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| early furcation involvement just into the fluting of the furcation is present. There is no significant destruction of bone or connective tissue in the furcation proper |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| distinct horizontal destruction of the furcation, may extend to any depth within the furcation, but not all the way through |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| destruction of bone and connective tissue all the way through the furcation. Gingival tissues cover the entrance to the furcation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| destruction of bone and connective tissue all the way through the furcation. Gingival recession has occurred to the point that the entire furcation invasion can be seen on visual examination. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
distal palatal
mesial palatal
straight facial |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| recession not ectending to the mucogingival junction. No loss of interdental bone or soft tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| recession extending to or beyond the mucogingival junction. No loss of interdental bone or soft tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| recession extending to or beyond the mucogingival junction. Loss of interdental bone or soft tissue is apical to the CEJ, but coronal to the extent of the marginal soft tissue recession. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| recession extending to or beyond the mucogingival junction. Loss of interdental bone extends to a level apical to the extent of the marginal soft tissue recession. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
class I - less than 1 mm
class II - greater than 1 mm
class III - depressible into the socket |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| distinguishing between 2 or more diseases with similar symptoms by systematically comparing their signs and symptoms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the cause of disease (i.e. you can't have gum disease without plaque) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| risk factors/things that make the disease worse (i.e. diabetes or leukemia) |
|
|
Term
| therapeutic goals for chronic periodontitis |
|
Definition
1. alter or eliminate the microbial etiology and contributing risk factors, thereby arresting the progression of the disease
2. preserve the dentition in a state of health, comfort and function with appropriate esthetics
3. prevent the recurrence of periodontitis
4. attempted regeneration of the periodontal attachment apparatus |
|
|
Term
| problem with electronic probes |
|
Definition
| no tactile abilities, so probing depths will appear to be less than they actually are |
|
|
Term
| standard radiographic parameters |
|
Definition
major changes in bone loss
large changes in bone density
increased furcation involvement |
|
|
Term
| digital radiography parameters |
|
Definition
same as standard but...
instant feedback
lower radiation exposure
expensive |
|
|
Term
| digital subtraction radiography parameters |
|
Definition
can correct for angulation and for film variation
can identify small changes (the only one that can)
cannot identify attachment levels |
|
|
Term
| suspected bacterial periodontal pathogens |
|
Definition
Porphyromonas gingivalis
Tannerella forsythia
Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
Prevotella intermedia
Fusobacterium nucleatum
Campylobacter rectus |
|
|
Term
| genetic analysis for aggressive periodontitis |
|
Definition
| PST to test for IL-1 production (can help identify those who are more susceptible to aggressive periodontitis, but not helpful for those who smoke or have diabetes) |
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Term
|
Definition
| study of factors and conditions that determine the occurrence and distribution of disease patterns in groups of people |
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Term
|
Definition
| the proportion of persons affected by a disease at a given point in time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the number of new cases of disease during a given period of time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| number or proportion of teeth or examined sites that are affected with a given condition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| how advanced or serious a given condition is (slight vs. moderate vs. severe) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| factor that could possibly lead to disease or may be protective against a disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| characteristic associated with a disease. Association may or may not be casual (although the term usually implies it) |
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|
Term
| T/F: severity, prevalence, and incidence of periodontitis all increase with age |
|
Definition
False.
severity and prevalence increase, but incidence does not increase |
|
|
Term
| T/F: gingivitis is nearly universal in all humans who do not control plaque |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: Females have greater gingivitis than males due to plaque control |
|
Definition
False
Males have greater gingivitis than females |
|
|
Term
| T/F: The severity, but not the extent, of both gingivitis and periodontitis increase with higher amounts of plaque |
|
Definition
False
Both severity and extent increase |
|
|
Term
| T/F: there is no sex predilection for aggressive periodontitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: It is difficult to measure the prevalence of gingivitis and periodontitis because the disease is measured in multiple places in each subject's mouth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: In both gingivitis and periodontitis, the lingual sites are most severely affected |
|
Definition
False
interproximal sites are most severe |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| probable risk factor that has been associated with the disease thru cross-sectional studies (not always confirmed as risk factors in longitudinal studies) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
odds represent the ratio of the probability of occurrence of an event to that of nonoccurrence and odds ratio is the ratio of 2 odds
(frequently used to measure association between exposures and disease in cross-sectional/case control studies) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
risk is probability that disease will occur and RR is ratio of 2 risks. RR = risk of disease in exposed persons divided by risk in those not exposed
(frequently used in cohort studies) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
proportion of truly diseased persons in a screened population who are identified as diseased by screening
(true positive) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
proportion of truly nondiseased persons who are identified by screening test
(false positive) |
|
|
Term
| negative predictive value |
|
Definition
| probability that a person with a negative test is truly nondiseased |
|
|
Term
| positive predictive value |
|
Definition
| probability that a person with a positive test is truly diseased |
|
|
Term
| suspected bacterial pathogen for localized aggressive periodontitis |
|
Definition
| Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
studied patients with moderate to severe periodontitis
established the "gold standard" for measuring attachment loss (6 sites per tooth) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
designed to assess the risk for periodontal disease
cross-sectional
results presented by odds ratios (most important -- age: 65-74, smoking: heavy, bacteria: Tannerella forsythia, systemic diseases: diabetes) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
compared post-menopausal females with and without HRT (hormone replacement therapy)
findings:
increased periodontitis in non-smokers w/ no HRT |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
also studied post-menopausal women
findings:
decreased alveolar bone density in non-smokers w/ no HRT
(Smoking negates any positive effects of HRT) |
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