Term
ASPIRIN
(catergory, use, mechanism of action,
effects on dental tx)
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Definition
Category: Antiplatelet; salicyclate
Use:
-mild/moderate pain treatment, inflammation and fever
-*stent implantation
-prevent/treat stroke
-*atrial fibrillation (thromboembolism prevention)
Dental treatment:
-bleeding
-hemorrhage
-when taking as sole antiplatelet agent: (ischemic stroke prevention) safe to continue taking during dental procedures
Mechanism of action: inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 via acetylation (inhibits platelet aggregation) |
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Term
COUMADIN [Warfarin]
(catergory, use, mechanism of action,
effects on dental tx) |
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Definition
Category: anticoagulant; vitamin k antagonist
Use:
-*prophylaxis and treatment of thromboembolic disorders and embolic complications due to atrial fibrillation or cardiac valve replacement
Dental treatment:
-may cause ulcers and taste disturbance
-bleeding
-hemorrhage
Mechanism of action: heptatic synthesis of coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X, protiens C & S, requires vitamin K. vitamin K converted to inactive form
Box warning: May cause major or fatal bleeding |
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Term
COREG
(catergory, use, mechanism of action,
effects on dental tx) |
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Definition
Category: antihypertensive; bet-blocker (w/ alpha blocking activity)
Use:
-*HTN
-*atrial fibrillation rate control
-*chronic stable angina
Dental treatment:
-hypotension when standing quickly
-reported periodontitis
Mechanism: As a racemic mixture, carvedilol has nonselective beta-adrenoreceptor and alpha-adrenergic blocking activity.
Risd D with xylocaine & epinephrine
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Term
FLUOXETINE [Prozac]
(catergory, use, mechanism of action,
effects on dental tx) |
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Definition
Category: SSRI
Use:
-*depressive disorder (MDD)
-moderate/severe bulimia nervosa
-OCD
-panic disorder
-borderline personality disorder
-fibromyalgia syndrome
-PTSD
-social anxiety
Dental Treatment:
-xerostomia
-taste perversion
-bruxism
-bleeding (may impair platelet aggregation due to platelet serotonin depletion)
Mechanism: inhibits serotonin reuptake
Box warning: Suicidality and antidepressant drugs |
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Term
ENALAPRIL
(catergory, use, mechanism of action,
effects on dental tx) |
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Definition
Category: ACE inhibitor; antihypertensive
Use:
-asymptomatic heart failure
-*HTN
-reduced risk of cardiovascular events in HTN pt’s w/ type I or II diabetes
Dental treatment:
-abnormal taste
-may experience orthostatic hypotension
-dry cough (interfere with long dental appt’s)
Mechanism: prevents conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II (a vasoconstrictor)
Box warning: Fetal toxicity |
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Term
LAMOTRIGINE
(catergory, use, mechanism of action,
effects on dental tx) |
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Definition
Category: anticonvulsant
Use:
-*bipolar depression
-bipolar I disorder
-epilepsy
Dental Treatment:
-xerostomia
-thrombocytopenia and anemia (uncommon)
Mechanism: triazine derivative inhibits release of glutamate
Box warning: Serious skin rashes
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Term
TRAZADONE
(catergory, use, mechanism of action,
effects on dental tx) |
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Definition
Category: SSRI
Use:
-*major depressive disorde
-antidepressant augmentation
-insomnia
Dental Treatment: xerostomia
Mechanism: inhibits reuptake of serotoni
Box warning: Suicidality and antidepressant |
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Term
FUROSEMIDE
(catergory, use, mechanism of action,
effects on dental tx) |
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Definition
Category: antihypertensive; diuretic
Use:
-edema management associated w/ heart failure and hepatic/renal disease
-*HTN
Mechanism:Inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride
Box warning: Fluid/electrolyte loss |
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Term
PRAVASTATIN
(catergory, use, mechanism of action,
effects on dental tx) |
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Definition
Category: antilipemic agent, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
Use:
-*Secondary prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with established coronary heart disease
-Reduce cholesterol
Dental Treatment: muscle weakness
Mechanism: inhibitor of HMG-CoA
Adverse effects: chest pain |
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Term
FAMOTIDINE
(catergory, use, mechanism of action,
effects on dental tx) |
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Definition
*takes as needed?
Category: Histamine H2 antagonist
Use:
-duodenal ulcer
-GERD
-heart burn, acid indigestion and sour stomach
Mechanism: inhibitor of histamine at H2 receptors |
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Term
DIAZEPAM
(catergory, use, mechanism of action,
effects on dental tx) |
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Definition
*takes as needed.
Category: benzodiazepine
Use:
-management of anxiety disorders
-ethanol withdrawal symptoms (alcoholics)
-*muscle relaxant
-treatment of convulsive disorders
-often used preoperatively for dental procedures to allow conscious sedation for pt’s with dental anxiety
Dental Treatment: xerostomia
Mechanism: binds to benzodiazepine receptors |
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Term
ALDACTONE
(catergory, use, mechanism of action,
effects on dental tx) |
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Definition
Category: antihypertensive; diuretic, potassium-sparing; mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist
Use:
-edema management associated w/ aldosterone excretion or congestive heart failure
-heart failure
-hirsutism
-*HTN
-*post-MI
Mechanism: competes with aldosterone for receptor sites
Box warning: Tumorigenic
Risk C factor with xylocaine & epinephrine |
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Term
TRAMADOL
(catergory, use, mechanism of action,
effects on dental tx) |
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Definition
Category: analgesic, opioid
Use:
-*relief of moderate/severe pain
-restless leg syndrome
Dental treatment:
-xerostomia |
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