Term
| Inverse projection problem |
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Definition
| a particular image on the retina can be created by an infinite number of objects |
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Definition
| Ability to recognize an object seen from different viewpoints |
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Definition
| Perceptions are created by combining sensations |
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Term
| Gestalt laws of perceptual organization |
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Definition
The grouping of elements in an image to create larger objects.
-Pragnanz, Similarity, Good Continuation, Proximity, common region, familiarity, uniform connectedness, synchrony and common fate |
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Term
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Definition
-Central law of Gestalt psych.
-Every stimulus pattern is seen in such a way that the resulting structure is as simple as possible |
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Definition
| Visual events that occur at the same time are perceived as beloinging together |
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Definition
| Things that are moving in the same direction appear to be grouped together. |
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Term
| Figure-ground segregation |
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Definition
| A figure stands out from the background |
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Definition
| Even though the figure and ground share a contour, the border is associated with the figure |
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Term
| Figure is more likely to be perceived if... |
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Definition
| the image is lower than the other object |
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Term
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Definition
| Best-guess solution to a problem |
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Term
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Definition
| Procedure guaranteed to solve a problem |
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Term
| Recognition-by-components (RBC) theory |
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Definition
Object recognition is based on geons (geometric ions-basic unit of objects)
-Of we can perceive am object's geons, we can identify the object
-each type of geon (there are 36) has a unique set of NAPs |
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Term
| Non-accidental properties (NAPs) |
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Definition
| Properties of edges in the retinal image that correspond to the edges in the 3-D environment |
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Term
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Definition
| each geon can be discriminated from other geons since each geon has a unique set of NAPs |
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Term
| Principle of componential recovery |
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Definition
| Ability to identify an object based on its geons |
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Term
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Definition
A view of a real world environment that has
1. background elements
2. multiple objects organized in a meaningful way relative to each other and the background |
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Term
| Distinguishing objects from scenes |
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Definition
| objects are acted upon, scenes are extended in space and acted within |
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Term
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Definition
| The perception of any stimulus persists for about 250ms after the stimulus has been removed. |
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Term
| To eliminate persistence of vision.. |
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Definition
| You flash a masking stimulus (a pattern of randomly oriented lines) immediately after the image |
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Term
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Definition
Degree of: naturalness, openness, roughness, expansion and color.
-Are holistic and rapidly perceived |
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Term
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Definition
| People can perceive horizontals and verticals more easily than other orientations |
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Term
| light-from-above heuristic |
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Definition
| Assumption that light is coming from above, creating a perception that light on the bottom makes an indentation |
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Term
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Definition
| Semantics (meaning of a scene) Characteristics associated with the functions carried out in diff. types of scenes |
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Definition
| we perceive the object is that most likely to have caused the pattern of stimuli we received. |
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Term
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Definition
| Effect of stimuli that fall outside of teh neuron's receptive field, causing a decrease in how rapidly the neuron fires |
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Term
| Region-of-interest (ROI) approach |
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Definition
| pretests people on the stimuli to be studied before running an experiment to avoid great variation from person to person in the exact location of a particular area. |
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Term
| Neural activity that occurs as person is looking at a stimulus... |
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Definition
| is determined also by how the person is processing the stimulus, not just presentation of the stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
If each eye receives a different image, perception alternates back and forth between both eyes.
-Shows that change in perception happens in the brain since the stimuli never changed |
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Term
| voxel and orientation decoder |
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Definition
small cube-shaped area of the brain about 2 or 3mm on each side.
-Decoder: able to determine what orientation a person was looking at based on the person's brain activity |
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