psychodynamic theorist

A medical doctor from Vienna who developed the psychodynamic approach to personality development. Each adult personality consists of an id, an ego, and superego. He also developed stages for psychosexual development which includes oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital.

cognitive-developmental theory - Piaget is a theorist that argues developemnt is complete once one reaches adolescence.

Swiss psychologist and philosopher known for his studies on child development. His four stages of cognitive development include sensorimotor, pre operational, concrete operational, and formal operational stages.

offers psychodynamic theory of personality development

German born American psychologist who is best known for his theory on psychosocial development of human beings. He has eight stages to his theory that start from birth through late adulthood.

Urie Bronfenbrenner

Emphasizes that development/influence takes place within sociocultural contexts or systems.

American psychologist who is most known for his ecological systems theory of child development. His theory states that there are many different levels of environmental influences that can affect a child's development, starting from people and institutions immediately surrounding the individual to nation-wide cultural forces.

He suggests that there is a reciprocal determinism between the child and the environment. 

moral reasoning

American professor best known for his theory of stages of moral development. His theory is divided into three categories: Pre-Conventional, Conventional, and post-conventional.

behavior is controlled by stimuli in the environment

Russian physiologist known for his work in classical conditioning. Getting a dog to salivate from hearing a ringing bell instead of seeing the meat.

studied phobias and classical conditioning

An American psychologist who established the psychological school of behaviorism. He extended Pavlov's work by studying classical conditioning of emotional responses in children.

developed a learning theory called operant conditioning or instrumental conditioning.

An American psychologist and behaviorist who developed a learning theory called operant conditioning. He argued that these two processes, reinforcement and punishment, control the shaping of behavior.

social learning theory

A psychologist who developed social-cognitive theory. Or social learning theory. Changes in behavior aren't just through conditioning but also through observational learning. Modeling is observing the behavior of a model and then later imitating that behavior.

Emphasizes the influence of sociocultural contexts on development.

A Soviet Belarusian psychologist who emphasized the influence of sociocultural contexts on development. He also worked on a theory of "zone of proximal development."

Main characteristics of Darwin's theory were:

1 - there are never enough resources in the environment for all members of a species to survive, so there is a constant struggle for existence among members of a species.

2 - there are variations in traits and abilities among members of a species that are the product of chance combinations of inherited traits from their ancestors.

3 - some chance variations in traits better enable members of a species to adapt and survive in the environment in which they live

4 - those members who do survive, reproduce, passing on the chance variations they inherited into the gene pool.

Developed the theory of evolution or "survival of the fittest." This process is called natural selection where traits that increase survival are passed down to offspring while traits that decrease chances evolve out of the species gene pool.