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Natural Selection
Bobbi Lowe – Evolutionary Biologist. Native Americans. Natural Selection. |
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| Darwin beat his contemporary... |
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| Inclusive Fitness: you invest in those in which you are biologically related. Alexander – inclusive fitness polyandry – usually brothers |
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| analyzed naming practices among couples with adopted and biological children |
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| organizational celibacy. Hope to make best mates with reproduction. – priests, monks, nuns. Early separation from biological kin. Make sacrifice of own reproductive success. |
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| Foliate, pigmentation, evolution of non-hirsute - Humans & Chimps. Differences: hair. Bipedalism. Cooling of the body by sweating. |
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| Curse of the Salt Shaker – hypertension & high blood pressure. More common in some racial groups. A Americans. Powered by economic class. Asymptomatic. |
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Sickle-Cell
• Published on over 10k Af. American women
• Heterozygous for sickle cell trait- enjoyed much higher fecundity than those without the allele. |
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research on lack of attention given to cultural evolution today
Leslie White – Universal Evolutionary change. “C”ulture. |
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| critical of evolutionary theory |
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| thought evolutionary change leads to increasing complexity; most groups grow increasingly complex over time (instead of evolution is progress) |
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| said # of distinct artisans or status positions= how we can identify increasing complexity |
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status; firearms; Iriquois, early 1600’s
Iroquois Militarism and impact of firearms. Bore-less muskets. Inferior to bow and arrow. Hard to reload. |
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Cultural and Reproductive success; Cultures are goal oriented
• Whatever is culturally valued is an avenue for individuals to achieve reproductive success- some aggression, some passive for example. |
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| worked with brazillian tribe: MAHENAKU: correlation between being tall and reproductive success |
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| worked with perish data in Portugal and Germany (1800’s- land ownership |
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worked with ASCHE of Paraguay
• Men who excelled in tracking or hunting enjoy greater reproductive success |
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| study of Fortune 500 companies |
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| Health deteriorates – loss of life due to nutritional stress. Disease and transitional cultures. Dixon’s mounds. Health drops because of corn based diets. |
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prolific writer for popular audiences, has characterized Agriculture as the worst mistake in human history.
WRONG.
Would our level of affluence today have surfaced without domestication & agriculture.
If you look at longevity in current ,contemporary nations
Iceland, Finland, Sweden- well into the 80’s |
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Feedback Theory
• Cybernetic feedback system
• Negative and positive feedback systems and the origins of agriculture
• Positive= deviation amplification
• Negative= don’t deviate
• The more something is amplified in importance the more deviation you have..leads to domestication & ag.
o Ex. Field of crop
• One species dominates all of whats there
• Humans actively selecting |
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| streptomycetes – Armelagos |
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| also oversaw skeletal analysis at Dixons mound |
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| i. Kipsigis -Hertzi cattle had a powerful impact on marriage, number of wives, and in turn number of children produced . This goes back to CS=RS |
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| What does Symons critique rest on? |
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Shouldn't be looking at behaviors per say, rather, we should be looking at psychology
Design mechanism-there are certain psychological design mechanisms that are the product of natural selection
The behaviors per say aren't the product of selection
Keeping of cattle for example
2) For being fierce for example
3) Being skillful at tracking and hunting prey
iv. Psychological traits that humans share that are products of natural selection
1) Xenophobia-trust the familiar, fear those who are different
2) Basic taste preferences with the desire of fats and sugar, and salt also aversion to bitter taste a) As get closer to equator spiciness in food increases (Not a psychological mechanism) b)Risk of food spoilages - spices kill bacteria in food -antimicrobial
3) The desire for success socially and can have an impact on behavior concerns and bridging to reproductive success
4) Attractiveness
a) Symmetrical faces are attractive faces
b) Stature - hip to waist ratio for females
5) Notions of proximity
a) Arranged marriages, when the two principals are quite young, many cases they know each other, live as siblings, with eventual marriage, why do you have such no romantic attachment? Because they grew up together
i) Familiarity fuels contempt
b) Typically individuals who you share genes with or live close with, you'll have a barrier for attachment, have significant biological rewards
c) Heterosis - closer you're related genetically, the more you're at risk for conceptual loss, miscarriage
i) Why do we have rules of exogamy and incest? Human universals against has to do with heterosis and genetic distance
6) Increasing libido of females when ovulating
a) Attractiveness of scent- not attracted to someone related to
v. These are all products of selection, but are psychological. There is this bridging that connects psychological aspects of selection with biological aspects. |
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| men ready to fight because out of clusters, some form of ancestry. |
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| Axe Fight. Film. Groups Yanimamo |
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| population dynamics k and r selection. |
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| Unilinear evolutionary change – barbarism. |
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| Theory of Culture Change 1965 – “culture core” |
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| state of change Homogeneity to Heterogeneity. |
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| Being fierce among males. Achieve status through Unokai. |
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| obesity. Epidemic. Food is high in fat. Novel environment, readily available. |
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| Stone agers in the fast lane – genes have changed little but lifestyle has. |
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| idea of early menarch onset due to obesity. |
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| darwin’s peer, also discovered natural selection |
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