Term
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Definition
| An improvement in the quality of people's lives an their social wellbeing, both now and in the future. |
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Term
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Definition
Ecological - The need for protection of air, water, soil and biodiversity, upon which we all ultimately depend
Economic -Sufficient levels of economic development to satisfy people's needs and to reduce income inequalities and poverty, both now and in the future
Social - The need for people to lead healthy, productive lives and to participate fully in the societies in which they live. |
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Term
| Indicators of Development |
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Definition
Economic - Dealing with the production of goods and services
Demographic - dealing with the characteristics of a population
Social - Dealing with the conditions and activities of people
Ecological - Dealing with the quality of the biophysical environment |
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Term
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Definition
Human Development Index - ranges between 0-1
Above 0.8 = High
0.5-0.8 = Medium
Below 0.5 = Low
Calculated using four measures:
Life Expectancy at birth
Adult literacy Rate
Gross enrolment for all levels of education
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) |
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Term
| *****How are developed and less developed countries distinguished from each other? |
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Definition
| EXCELLENT QUESTION. EASY ANSWER. NO IDEA. |
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Term
| What is significant about Global income distribution |
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Definition
| Unequal. The richest 20% of worlds population recieve 87% of the worlds total income |
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Term
| GDP can sometimes be high yet overall development low. Explain why. |
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Definition
| Countries use their wealth in different ways. Countries that spend excessive amounts of its wealth unproductively (eg. to ensure luxurious lifestyles for a small minority) the levels of development will remain low. If a country's priority is on improving health etc then even a moderate GDP will achieve good HD. |
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Term
| *** Case study, Singapore |
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Definition
The most affluent of all south east asian countries.
Became independent in 1965 and subsequently developed a highly successful economy based on trade, shipping, baking, tourism and light industry. this development occurred after 3 industrial revolutions.
1: Import-substituting industrialisation aimed to supply the local market with garments, processed food, beverages and building supplies. Taxes were place on imports to protect local industry
2: Small local market sparked a need for export-orientated industrialisation. Value added industry and services such as airlines, aiport and port services, ship repairs and financial services.
3: Integration of economy with neighbouring countries. Developed as a regional hub of communications, finance and travel. Aimed to attract foreign investment. |
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Term
| The Demographic Transition Model |
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Definition
Stage 1: High birth and death rate. Population is low
Stage 2: Death rates begin to fall, birth rate stays the same causing population to increase rapidly
Stage 3: Birth rates begin to fall and death rates continue their decline. Rapid population growth continues
Stage 4: Low birth, low death, population begins to stabilise.
Stage 5: Ageing population, death rate rises slight and population drops. |
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Term
| Expansive population pyramid |
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Definition
High death and birth rate. Low life expectancy. Stage One.
(Shape: broad base, narrow top ie. From top to bottom it EXPANDS) |
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Term
| Contractive population pyramid |
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Definition
Small number of youth, large number of older generations. Low birth, high life expectancies. STAGE 5
(Shape: Narrow base. From top in CONTRACTS) |
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Term
| Stationary population pyramid |
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Definition
Relatively even numbers other than old age groups. Low birth and death rates. Birth higher, growing population. Stage 4
(Shape: Relatively straight sides) |
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Term
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Definition
| The increase in the percentage of a country's population living in towns and cities |
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Term
| How does Urbanisation indicate levels of development? |
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Definition
| Cities are centres of industry and commerce and consequently the focus of economic growth. Associated with improved health, higher literacy and better quality of life. Countries undergoing development tend to experience rapid urbanisation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when the quality of people's lives improve meaning people lead long, productive, healthy lives. Improves when life expectancy rises, infant mortality drops and adult literacy rises etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| Military dictator seized power in 1962 with the army. He was a rigorous authoritarian by the name of Na win. Imposed silence, isolating the most literate country. Cancelled currency. |
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Term
| Why are human rights important to levels of development? Political rights and civil liberties? |
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Definition
Significant aspects of Social development as the play an important role in people's lives and wellbeing.
- Is the head if state elected through free and fair elections.
- Do the people have the right to organise different political parties and is this system allowed to rise?
- Are the people free from domination by the military, economic oligarchs, totalitarian parties and religious hierarchies?
Also freedom of expression, rule of law etc |
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Term
| *****CASE STUDY: New Guinea |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Free: 1-3
Partly Free: 3-5
Not Free: 5-7 |
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Term
| Services provided by the Environment |
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Definition
Provisioning Services eg. Providing food and water
Regulating Services eg. Controlling floods and diseases
Supporting services eg cycling nutrients
Cultural Services eg. Providing recreational and cultural benefits. |
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Term
| Why do people in poorer countries tend to have more environmental deterioration |
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Definition
| Reliant on primary production to sustain them with the majority of these populations living in rural areas. Overcultivation, forest clearing etc in a desperate bid to sustain themselves causes soil erosion and land degradation |
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Term
| Traditional view of economic development and the quality of the environment. |
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Definition
| Economic growth leads to environmental decline so richer countries damage their environments more. The faster this happens, the worse it is. Some challenges this, believing that countries reach a certain level of income that allows the environmental quality to improve.This second belief is shown in KUZNETS CURVE |
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Term
| Distinguish between Malnutrition and undernourishment |
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Definition
| Malnutrition is a nutritional imbalance ( too little or too much). Undernourishment involves only too little. Eg lack of nutrients leading to deficiency diseases. |
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Term
| Food requirements for males and females |
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Definition
Adult males: 2000-2500
Adult Females: 1800-2200 kilocalories per day |
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Term
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Definition
| This the lack of equal access to food for all people in a particular country due to low purchasing power resulting in a decline in the economic access to food. |
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