Term
| What are two other names for the pentose phosphate pathway? |
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Definition
| Hexose monophosphate shunt and 6-phosphogluconate pathway |
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Term
| What are the products from PPP? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| The non-oxidative part of the PPP gives you what? |
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Definition
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Term
| NADPH comes from what part of the PPP? |
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Definition
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Term
| Ribose comes from what part of PPP? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the PPP take place? |
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Definition
| cytoplasm of liver, adipose cells, adrenal cortex, mammary glands, RBCs |
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Term
| The __________ phase is made up of 2 irreversible reactions. |
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Definition
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Term
| The _________ phase has many reversible reactions. |
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Definition
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Term
| The non oxidative phase is basically ________ rearranging. |
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Definition
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Term
| Transketolase moves ___ carbons. |
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Definition
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Term
| Transaldolase moves ___ carbons. |
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Definition
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Term
| The first reaction on the non-oxidative path uses _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Xylulose 5 Phosphate uses ____________ to become Sedoheptulose 7 phosphate in step ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| When there are high levels of NADP+, what enters the PPP? |
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Definition
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Term
| When there are high levels of NADPH+, ____ enters ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Depends on the ratio of ______/_______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Glutathione peroxidase reduces ___ to ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| The redox rxn oxidizes glutathione using what enzyme? |
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Definition
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Term
| Without NADPH, the ________ part of the circle wouldn't work and you would have __________ damage. |
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Definition
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Term
| The PPP includes ___ irreversible oxidative reactions, followed by a series of reversible ________-___________ interconversions. |
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Definition
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Term
| No ATP is directly __________ or __________ in the PPP. |
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Definition
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Term
| Carbon one of _______ is released as CO2. |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 _______ are produced for each ________ molecule entering the oxidative part of the pathway. |
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Definition
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Term
| The rate and direction of the reversible rxns of the PPP are determined by the _______ and _______ for _________ in the cycle. |
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Definition
| supply and demand for intermediates |
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Term
| The PPP pathway provides a major portion of the body's ________ which functions as a _________ __________. |
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Definition
| NADPH; biochemical reductant |
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Term
| PPP also produces ________, required for biosynthesis of _________. |
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Definition
| ribose 5 phosphate; nucleotides |
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Term
| The oxidative portion of the PPP consists of ___ rxns that lead to the formation of ___________, _____, and __ molecules of __________. |
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Definition
| 3; ribulose 5 phosphate, CO2; 2 ; NADPH |
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Term
| The oxidative portion of the pathway is particularly important in the _______, __________, and ________, which are active in the biosynthesis of ______, in the ____ _______ and _________. |
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Definition
| liver, lactating mammary glands, adipose; fatty acids; adrenal cortex and eurythrocytes |
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Term
| Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase catalyzes an _________ oxidation of _______ to 6 phosphogluconolactone in a reaction that is specific for ________ as its coenzyme. |
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Definition
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Term
| The PPP is regulated primarily at the ________ reaction. |
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Definition
| glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase reaction |
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Term
| _______ is a competitive inhibitor of G6P dehydrogenase. |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ enhances G6PD gene expression, and flux through the pathway _________ in the well fed state. |
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Definition
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Term
| With increased demand for NADPH, the ratio of NADPH/NADP __________ and flux through the cycle increases in response to the enhanced activity of G6PH. |
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Definition
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Term
| 6 Phosphogluconoalcetone is __________ by 6 phosphogluconolacetone hydrolase. |
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Definition
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Term
| The hydralizing of 6 phosphogluconolactone is irreversible/reversible and is/is not rate limiting. |
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Definition
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Term
| The irreversible hydrolization step produces what? |
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Definition
| ribulose 5 phosphate, CO2, and a second NADPH molecule |
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Term
| The nonoxidative rxns of PPP occur in _____ cell types, synthesizing ________ and ______ _________. |
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Definition
| all; nucleotides; nucleic acids |
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Term
| The nonoxidative rxns catalyze the interconversion of ___, ___, ____, ____, and ___ carbon sugars. |
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Definition
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Term
| These reversible non oxidative rxns permit ____________ to be converted either to either ____________ for nucleotide sythesis or _______________, _______ and ______. |
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Definition
| ribulose 5 phosphate; ribose 5 phosphate; glycolysis intermediates; F6P and G3P |
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Term
| What are we trying to reduce in order to combat oxidative stress? |
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Definition
| hydrogen peroxide, or ROS (reactive oxygen species) |
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Term
| What can chemically detoxify hydrogen peroxide? |
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Definition
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Term
| Diminished G6PD activity impairs the abillity of the cell to form the ____________ that is essential for the maintenance of the reduced glutathione pool. |
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Definition
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Term
| What can form from insufficient G6PD? |
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Definition
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Term
| Eurythrocytes require _________ to keep __________ reduced. |
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Definition
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Term
| Glucose 6 phosphate is irreversibly converted to ribulose 5 phosphate, and ___ NADPH are produced. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase |
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Term
| Because the non oxidative reactions are reversible they can be entered from ______ or ____ if ribose is needed and ________ is inhibited. |
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Definition
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Term
| ________ is a source of reducing equivalents in _________ biosynthesis. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is used by glutathione peroxidase to reduce peroxide to water? |
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Definition
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