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| group of people born about the same time. Ex: people born within 4 years of you are your college cohort. |
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| socioeconomic position one holds in society. |
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| social position attained through your effort -- e.g. college graduate. |
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| social position acquired by birth or family membership -- e.g. race, gender, age |
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| group of people who are generally similar in income, occupation and education -- e.g. middle class. |
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| the expected behavior of a person of a particular status -- e.g. minister, teacher, truck driver. |
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| social rules of right and wrong -- e.g. littering is breaking a norm. |
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| social system that allows no movement between social classes -- e.g. father is a wood gatherer, you are a wood gatherer. |
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| when one part of society moves forward faster than another part -- e.g. rise of populated European cities before sanitation structure put in place. |
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| the tendency to look at other cultures and judge them by the norm of your culture -- e.g. being revolted by the food habits of another culture. |
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| assumption that all cultures are equal and merit respect |
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| social theorist who compared society to the biological world and promoted Social Darwinism -- "survival of the fittest" |
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| proposed that society was a system and each part of the system has a function to play. |
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| learning how to behave appropriately in the group to which you belong -- e.g. becoming part of a fraternity or sorority. |
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| group that people join because they support its goals and values -- e.g. basketball club. |
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| rule by small number of people. They typically have the power to choose their own successors. |
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| developed the theory of "Division of Labor" as the organizing theme of society. |
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| culture existing within a culture -- e.g. Amish. |
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| group which rejects many values of the dominant culture -- e.g. hippies in 1960. |
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| spread of a cultural trait from one society to another -- e.g. MTV seen in Africa, Asia |
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| "Definition of the Situation" |
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| you behave based on how you define the circumstances -- e.g. if you think someone is cheating you, you behave as though they are. |
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| social and economic theorist who argued that social classes rise out of the means of the production of goods. |
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| according to Marx, the owners of factories and other industrial means of production. |
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| the working class in the theory of Karl Marx. |
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| social phenomenon which disturbs an influential segment of society and this segment takes action to correct the situation -- e.g. war on drugs. |
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| social movement that prohibits movement from one social class to another. |
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| developed theory of "Iron Law of Oligarchy" -- once a small group gains power they resist any new leadership from outside the group, e.g. Chavez in Venezuela seeking to retain power after elected term over. |
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| organization based on a hierarchy of positions. Interactions within system governed by rules of behavior. A university is a bureaucracy. |
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| theory that bureaucracies always grow larger, whether they need to or not, e.g. growth of government agencies. |
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