Term
| What are the B-lactamase sensitive narrow spectrum penicillins and their administration routes? |
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Definition
Penicillin V (oral)
Penicillin G (parenteral)
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Term
| What are the B-lactamase resistant narrow spectrum penicillins and their administration routes? |
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Definition
Oxacillin (oral)
Cloxacillin (oral)
Dicloxacillin (oral)
Methicillin (parenteral)
Nafcillin (parenteral)
I met a nasty ox
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Term
| What are the extended spectrum penicillins and their administration routes? |
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Definition
Ampicillin (oral)
Amoxicillin (oral)
Ticarcillin (parenteral)
Mezlocillin (parenteral)
Piperacillin (parenteral)
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Term
| What are the delayed absorption (depot form) penicillins? |
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Definition
Benzathine penicillin G and Procaine penicillin G |
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Term
| What are the brand names and generic components of the extended spectrum penicillins + B-lactamase inhibitors? |
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Definition
Augmentin: amoxicillin + clavulanic acid
Timentin: ticarcillin + clavulanic acid
Unasyn: ampicillin + sulbactam
Zosyn: piperacillin + tazobactam
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Term
Penicillin V
1. What is it?
2. How is it administered?
3. Clinical use?
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Definition
1. Narrow-spectrum, B-lactamase sensitive penicillin
2. Oral administration
3. Streptococcal infections
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Term
Penicillin G
1. What is it?
2. How is it administered?
3. Clinical use?
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Definition
1. Narrow-spectrum, B-lactamase sensitive penicillin
2. Parenteral administration
3. Streptococcal infections
*Note: Delayed absorption forms benzathine penicillin G and procaine penicillin G used to increase compliance, for prophylaxis
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Term
Oxacillin
1. What is it?
2. How is it administered?
3. Clinical use?
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Definition
1. Narrow-spectrum, B-lactamase resitant penicillin
2. Oral administration
3. Staphylococcus aureus infections
*Note: hepatic metabolism
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Term
Cloxacillin
1. What is it?
2. How is it administered?
3. Clinical use?
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Definition
1. Narrow-spectrum, B-lactamase resitant penicillin
2. Oral administration
3. Staphylococcus aureus infections
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Term
Dicloxacillin
1. What is it?
2. How is it administered?
3. Clinical use?
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Definition
1. Narrow-spectrum, B-lactamase resitant penicillin
2. Oral administration
3. Staphylococcus aureus infections
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Term
Methicilin
1. What is it?
2. How is it administered?
3. Clinical use?
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Definition
1. Narrow-spectrum, B-lactamase resitant penicillin
2. Parenteral administration
3. Staphylococcus aureus infections
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Term
Nafcillin
1. What is it?
2. How is it administered?
3. Clinical use?
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Definition
1. Narrow-spectrum, B-lactamase resitant penicillin
2. Parenteral administration
3. Staphylococcus aureus infections
*Note: hepatic metabolism
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Term
| How are most penicillins excreted? What are two exceptions? |
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Definition
Most penicillins are excreted unchanged in the urine. The exceptions are nafcillin and oxacillin, which are metabolized by the liver. |
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Term
Amoxicillin
1. What is it?
2. How is it administered?
3. Clinical use?
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Definition
1. Extended-spectrum, B-lactamase sensitive penicillin
2. Oral administration
3. E. coli, Proteus mirabilis
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Term
Ampicillin
1. What is it?
2. How is it administered?
3. Clinical use?
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Definition
1. Extended-spectrum, B-lactamase sensitive penicillin
2. Oral administration
3. E. coli, Proteus mirabilis
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Term
Ticarcillin
1. What is it?
2. How is it administered?
3. Clinical use?
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Definition
1. Extended-spectrum, B-lactamase sensitive penicillin
2. Parenteral administration
3. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Term
Piperacillin
1. What is it?
2. How is it administered?
3. Clinical use?
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Definition
1. Extended-spectrum, B-lactamase sensitive penicillin
2. Parenteral administration
3. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Term
Mezlocillin
1. What is it?
2. How is it administered?
3. Clinical use?
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Definition
1. Extended-spectrum, B-lactamase sensitive penicillin
2. Parenteral administration
3. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Term
| What are the "delayed absorption penicillins?" |
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Definition
Benzathine penicillin G and procaine penicillin G are depot form penicillins that allow for slow release into the bloodstream. They are used for long-term prophylaxis (e.g. in patients with history of acute rheumatic fever), and to improve compliance.
Note: Recall that penicillin G is narrow-spectrum and B-lactamase sensitive
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Term
| What are the B-lactamase inhibitors? |
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Definition
Clavulanic acid
Sulbactam
Tazobactam
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Term
| The combination B-lactamase sensitive penicillins + B-lactamase inhibitors (Augmentin, Zosyn, Unasyn, Timentin) are used to treat which bacterial infections? |
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Definition
Staphylococci
Gonococci
E. coli
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Term
Clinically,
1. Narrow spectrum B-lactamase resistant penicillins (methi-, naf-, oxa-, cloxa-, dicloxocillin) treat __________.
2. Narrow spectrum B-lactamase sensitive penicillins (penicillins G and V) treat __________.
2. Extended spectrum penicillins (amoxi-, ampi-, ticar-,mezlo-, piperacillin) treat __________.
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Definition
1. Staphylococcal infections.
2. Streptococcal infections.
3. Depends...
-- Orally administered extended spectrum penicillins (amoxicillin, ampicillin) treat E. coli and Proteus miribilis
-- Parenterally administered extended spectrum penicillins (ticarcillin, mezlocillin, pipericillin) treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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