Term
| kidney's are less efficient during the first |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "stretch" receptors in the bladder are immmature until : |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bladder capacity increases from ____ to ____ as the child grows |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| urethra is_________ in children |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the kidney's are more susceptible to: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cystitis
( acute or chronic) |
|
|
Term
| an upper UTI is refered to as: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
intravenous pyelogram
(IVP): |
|
Definition
| x-ray of renal pelvis and ureters |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| x-ray of kidney, ureters, and bladder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| catheterization via cystoscope/contrast dye |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| voiding cystourethrogram: |
|
Definition
bladder filled and observed for emptying
(watching the flow for vesicle urethral backflow) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| identifies anomalies, masses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| visualization of renal system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| measures energy utilized by protons and electrons during reaction to magnetic field |
|
|
Term
| hemoglobin and hematocrit: |
|
Definition
| patients often amemic with kidney disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| measures amount of urea in the blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| measures and product of metabolism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| may be out of balance in kidney disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*common condition
one segment of the bowel telescopes into the lumen of the adjecent segment of the bowel |
|
|
Term
| intussusception is the most common: |
|
Definition
| cause of intestinial obstruction in infancy (5 months- 1 year) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| colic, intermittent abdominal pain/tenderness, NONBILIOUS vomiting which later turns bile stained, and currant jelly like stools, and obstruction may even be present, sausage shaped across the abdomen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| meatus underside of shaft (VENTRAL) |
|
|
Term
| hypospadius is associated with: |
|
Definition
congenital chordee ( downward curvature)
looks like its already circumsized |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| meatus on upper side of shaft |
|
|
Term
| epispadius is associated with: |
|
Definition
extrophy
(bladder open and exposed on abdominal wall) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bladder open and exposed on abdominal wall |
|
|
Term
| hypospadius and epispadius treatment: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| failure of testes to decend |
|
|
Term
| cryptorchidism is often treated with ________ to promote testicle decend |
|
Definition
HCG
surgical correction needed prior to puberty |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
structural/functional abnormalities
interfer with urine flow
|
|
|
Term
| obstructive uropathy compromises: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| backward flow of urine from bladder back to kidneys |
|
|
Term
| vesicouretral reflux is most common in: |
|
Definition
children 3-6
TWICE as common in girls |
|
|
Term
| vesicoureteral reflux FIRST s/s: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| acute glomerulonephritis: |
|
Definition
inflammation of the glomerulus of the kidney
antigen/antibody complex clogging things up |
|
|
Term
| acute glomerulonephritis occurs post ___________ infection |
|
Definition
streptococcal infection
(skin or pharynx) |
|
|
Term
| acute glomerulonephritis physical assessment features: |
|
Definition
periorbital edema
generalized edema
lethargy
fever
anorexia
hypertension
headache
abdominal pain
CVA tenderness
decreased LOC
convulsions
coma
death |
|
|
Term
acute glomerulonephritis
nursing interventions |
|
Definition
bed-rest during acute phase of illness
monitor I&O's
skin care/ limit effects of edema and lethargy
vital signs
mental status changes
medication therapy
education |
|
|
Term
nephrotic syndrome
definition: |
|
Definition
increased permiability of glomerular membrane
|
|
|
Term
| nephrotic syndrome allows ____________ to pass into the urine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nephrotic syndrome causes kidney's to reabsorb: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nephrotic syndrome hallmark s/s: |
|
Definition
massive edema
proteinurea
protein deficiency- leads to increased infection
hyperlipidemia
irritability
general malaise and anorexia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
nephrotic syndrome
medication therapy |
|
Definition
IV albumin
corticosteroids |
|
|
Term
nephrotic syndrome
relapses: |
|
Definition
occur but deminish with puberty
-corticosteroids start remissions |
|
|
Term
acute renal failure (ARF):
|
|
Definition
| deminished renal function lasting days to weeks |
|
|
Term
acute renal failure (ARF):
onset? |
|
Definition
sudden
follows ischemic or toxic assault to kidney's |
|
|
Term
acute renal failure (ARF):
reversible or irreversible? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
acute renal failure (ARF):
pre-renal |
|
Definition
| decreased renal blood flow |
|
|
Term
acute renal failure (ARF):
intrarenal |
|
Definition
| kidney damage ( parenchymal cells) |
|
|
Term
acute renal failure (ARF):
postrenal |
|
Definition
obstruction of flow
(caliculi, trauma, cancer) |
|
|
Term
acute renal failure (ARF):
most common in: |
|
Definition
neonates that are critically ill
asphixia
shock
sepsis |
|
|
Term
acute renal failure (ARF):
labs |
|
Definition
hyperkalemia
hyponatremia
hypocalcemia
elevated BUN and creatinine
|
|
|
Term
acute renal failure (ARF):
s/s |
|
Definition
child will be pale
lethargic
edematous
oliguria
hypertension |
|
|
Term
acute renal failure (ARF):
medications |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
progressive deterioration of renal function <5%
rare in children |
|
|
Term
Chronic renal failure
HUS- hemolytic uremic syndrome
is a result of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Chronic renal failure
eitology: |
|
Definition
congenital abnormalities of kidney or urinary tract
HUS (hemolytic uremic syndrome)
infections
toxins |
|
|
Term
Chronic renal failure
education |
|
Definition
avoid nephrotoxic drugs
teach dietary management
symptoms of progressive failure |
|
|
Term
Chronic renal failure
end stage renal ESRF |
|
Definition
| kidneys no longer maintain body homeostasis |
|
|
Term
Chronic renal failure
s/s |
|
Definition
pale
ha
nausea
fatigue
anorexia
edema
anemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cessation of urine production |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Chronic renal failure
medical management |
|
Definition
maintain fluid and electrolyte imbalance
dialysis- hemodialysis- peritoneal dialysis
renal transplant |
|
|
Term
| what type of dialysis is preferred for children? |
|
Definition
peritoneal dialysis
continuous removal of wastes possible
(decreased effects on child's developing body) |
|
|
Term
dialysis therapy
two types of peritoneal dialysis: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
dialysis therapy(peritoneal)
sodium bicarbonate used for: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Chronic renal failure
dialysis therapy
adjuvant medication |
|
Definition
diuretics for fluid elimination
vitamin replacement
erythropoetin- stimulates RBC production
antihypertensives |
|
|
Term
| what is the most common cause of fever of undtermined origin in infants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
UTI's
the younger the infant: |
|
Definition
| the higher the risk for septicemia and greater the likelihood of structural abnormalities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
UA- WBC elevated- increased number of bacteria
urine culture- determine antibiotic sensitivity
renal ultrasound
VCUG |
|
|
Term
UTI
obtaining urine specimens
infants and younger children without urinary control: |
|
Definition
catheter/urine bag
(<2 years of age)
|
|
|
Term
UTI
obtaining urine specimens
older children >2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fever
weight loss
failure to thrive
vomiting
increased voiding
foul smelling urine
persistant/constant diaper rash |
|
|
Term
UTI
s/s of older children |
|
Definition
urinary frequency
pain during urination
bedwetting (enuresis)
abdominal pain
hematuria
fever
chills
flank pain |
|
|
Term
UTI
nursing interventions |
|
Definition
monitor I&O's
renal function
daily weight
encourage increased fluid intake
encourage frequent voiding
antibiotic therapy |
|
|
