Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Peds- Neuro disorders
Peds neuro disorders
37
Nursing
Not Applicable
11/19/2010

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Types of CP
Definition
Ataxic
Dyskintec
Rigid
Spastic
Mixed
Term
Ataxic CP
Definition
1. Poor balance and muscle
2. coordination, unsteady and wide-based gait
Term
Dyskinetic CP
Definition
1. Involuntary, uncoordinated movements
2. Slow state of writhing muscle contractions when voluntary movement is attempted
3. Facial grimacing
4. Drooling, poor swallowing
5. Poor speech articulation
Term
Rigid CP
Definition
1. Rigid posture
2. Lack of active movement
Term
Spastic CP
Definition
1. Hyperactive stretch reflex and deep tendon reflexes
2. Rapid, involuntary muscle relaxation and contraction
3. Contractures of extensor muscles
4. Scissoring
Term
Mixed CP
Definition
Signs of more than one type of CP and severe disability
Term
Causes of CP
Definition
1. Prenatal conditions (rubella, toxemia, anoxia)
2. Perinatal and birth difficulties
3. Infection or trauma during infancy
Term
CP manifestations
Definition
Abnormal motor skills
- Asymmetry
- Early handedness
- Feeding/swallowing problems
- Persistent toe-walking
Altered muscle tone
- Hypotonia, hypertonia
- Scissoring
Persistence of primitive reflexes
Associated abnormalities of cognition, seizures, hearing & vision
Term
Partial Focal Seizures
Definition
Limited to one area of the cerebral cortex
May progress to generalized seizure
Prodromal symptoms
Term
Generalized Seizures
Definition
Involves both hemispheres of the brain
Usually no prodromal symptoms
Term
Unclassified/ Miscellaneous Seizures
Definition
Neonatal
- Subtle
- Incidence is difficult to determine
- Usually occur in preterm infants and mainly during first week of life
Febrile
Status epilepticus
- recurrent or continuous seizures without interruption risk of anoxia, respiratory and cardiac, arrest or brain damage
- Consciousness not regained during seizures
- Last more than 30 minutes
Term
Simple Partial Seizure
Definition
Symptoms confined to one hemisphere of the brain,
May have motor symptoms (change in posture is repetitive movement of a limb)
Autonomic, sensory, or psychic (hallucinations) symptoms
No impairment of consciousness.
Term
Complex Partial Seizure
Definition
Begins in one focal area of the brain but spreads to both hemispheres.
May have only loss of consciousness or may also have automatisms
Term
Absence seizures (petite mal)
Definition
Sudden onset, last 5-10 seconds, can have 100 per day
Loss of responsiveness but ability to maintain posture control and not fall.
Twitching eyelids and lip smacking.
Appear after age 5 outgrow by school age.
No postictal symptoms.
Term
Myoclonic Seizures
Definition
short muscle contractions
Term
Clonic seizures
Definition
opposing muscles contract and relax alternatively in rhythmic pattern
Term
Tonic Seizures
Definition
muscles maintained in a continuous contracted state
Term
Tonic- clonic (“grand mal”) Seizures
Definition
Violent total body seizure
Aura tonic movement first (rigidity)
Clonic next (rhythmic jerking)
Postictal symptoms
Term
Atonic Seizures
Definition
Drop and fall attack
Loss of posture tone
Needs to wear helmet *
Term
Akinetic
Definition
Sudden brief loss of muscle tone or posture
Temporary LOC
Term
Febrile Seizures
Definition
Transient
Peak age 6 months-3 years
T> 38.8 ° C or 102°F
Rapid rise of temp is thought to
cause febrile seizures *
Only one seizure per fever
Common in 4% of kids under 5
Family history
Nursing care
Fever management
Seizure management
Parent education
Term
Seizures: Nursing Care
Definition
- Obtain thorough history;
- Stay with child; keep child safe; put child on side if possible; do not put anything in mouth; move equipment etc. away; assess child; administer antiepileptic as ordered.
- Document assessment findings during seizure
- Monitor vital signs
- Quality of respirations and color changes
- Monitor LOC
- Note time of onset & duration
- Note any precipitating factors
Term
Seizure Precautions for child at risk
Definition
- Suction & oxygen, B &M at bedside
- Side rails raised and padded
- Waterproof mattress/pad on bed or crib
- Wear medical identification band
- Identify and avoid triggering factors
- Protective helmet prn
- Medication, as indicated
- Phenytoin (Dilatin)
Term
Anencephaly
Definition
absence of the entire brain; brain stem or cerebellum maybe present
Term
Encephalocele
Definition
meningeal and cerebral tissue protrudes in a sac through a defect in the skull
Term
Spina bifida
Definition
a defective closure of the verterbral column
Term
Spina Bifida: Nursing Management Pre-operatively
Definition
- Check for leakage of CSF from Sac
- Prevention of Infection and Injury
- Apply moist sterile dressing with saline to defect (pre-op only)
- Avoid fecal contamination
- Monitor S/S of infection and meningitis
- Thermoregulation
- Administer Antibiotics
- Pre-op remain prone position or side lying
- No rectal temps- rectal prolapse or irritation
- Check for movement sensation of the lower extremities
Term
Spina Bifida: Nursing Management Postoperatively
Definition
- Prevention infection and injury
- Maintain a dry sterile dressing
- Examine dressing for CSF leakage
- Protect suture line with apron
- Position the infant side lying or prone
- No rectal temps
- Prevent Urinary Complications/UTI(Often associated with neurogenic bladder)
- Continue antibiotics
Term
Hydrocephalus
Definition
Collection of excess CSF in brain ventricular system
- Manifestation of underlying problem
Communicating
- Excess production of CSF
- Impaired absorption of CSF in arachnoid space
- Scarring, congenital anomalies, or hemorrhage.
Noncommunicating
- Obstruction to flow
- Malformations, tumors, clots, edema
Term
Hydrocephalus: Manifestations - Infant
Definition
Enlarged head (HC)
Thinned cranial bones
Separated sutures
Macewen (cracked-pot) sign
Enlarged, bulging, tense fontanel
Dilated scalp veins
Frontal bossing
Setting sun eyes
CN palsy
Poor feeding, vomiting
High-pitched cry
Opisthotonos
Term
Hydrocephalus: Manifestations - Child
Definition
Headache
Vomiting
Visual changes
Ataxia
Papilledema
Behavior changes
Seizures
Term
Clinical Manifestations of Increased ICP in Infants
Definition
Irritability, poor feeding
High-pitched cry, difficult to soothe
Fontanels: tense, bulging
Cranial sutures: separated
Eyes: setting-sun sign
Scalp veins: distended
Term
Clinical Manifestations of Increased ICP in Children
Definition
Headache
Vomiting: with or without nausea
Seizures
Diplopia, blurred vision
Term
Behavioral Signs of Increasing ICP
Definition
Irritability, restlessness
Drowsiness, indifference, decrease in physical activity and motor skills
Complaint of fatigue, somnolence
Inability to follow commands, memory loss
Weight loss
Term
Late Signs of Increasing ICP
Definition
Decreased LOC
Decreased motor response to command
Decreased sensory response to painful stimuli
Decerebrate or decorticate posturing
Bradycardia
Irregular respirations
Cheyne-Stokes respirations
Fixed & dilated pupils
Term
Hydrocephalus: Treatment & Nursing Care
Definition
- Surgical shunting
- Direct removal of obstruction & insertion of V/P shunt, to provide primary drainage of CSF to extra cranial compartment- usually peritoneum
- Ventriculopleural shunts used 5 yrs or
- Ventriculostomy- nonshunting procedure to treat children with noncommunicating disorder
Term
Major complications of shunts
Definition
Infection
Peritonitis
Meningitis
Malfunction/blockage
Subdural hematoma can develop if there is rapid reduction of CSF
Perforation of organs
Supporting users have an ad free experience!