Term
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Definition
is embryonic beginning for the brain and spinal column
Brain and spinal cord become encased in protective sheath of bone and meninges; closes approximately 30 days after conception |
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Term
Treatment = prevention
Supplementation—0.4 mg/day
If history of NTD—4 mg/day
1998 FDA fortifies cereal grains with folic acid
Begin at preconception |
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Definition
| tx of neural tube disorders |
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Term
Elevated α-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid at 16 to 18 weeks’ gestation (sometimes made prenatally)
Uterine ultrasound
(want to know because they may have growth on back preventing them from being born vaginally) |
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Definition
| dx of NTD during antepartum period |
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Term
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Definition
Absence of cerebral hemispheres
Brainstem function may be intact
Incompatible with life
Few hours to few days
Death due to respiratory failure |
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Term
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Definition
Failure of osseous spine to close
Two types
Spina bifida occulta
Not visible externally
Spina bifida cystica
Visible defect
Saclike protrusion |
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Term
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Definition
Sac contains meninges and spinal fluid but no neural elements
No neurologic deficits |
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Term
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Definition
Neural tube fails to close
May be anywhere along the spinal column
Lumbar and lumbosacral areas most common
May be diagnosed prenatally or at birth
Sac contains meninges, spinal fluid, and nerves
Varying and serious degrees of neurologic deficit |
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Term
Location and magnitude of defect determine nature and extent of impairment
If defect below second lumbar vertebra: |
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Definition
Flaccid paralysis of lower extremities
Sensory deficit
Neurogenic bowel (they do not have control; they usually don’t have sensation or the urge that tells them they have to go) and bladder (set up for infections because they have ineffective bladder contractions creating no full emptying of the bladder)
Not necessarily uniform on both sides of defect |
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Term
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Definition
Secreted by choroid plexus
Circulates throughout ventricular system
Absorbed within the subarachnoid spaces |
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Term
| Communicating Hydrocephalus |
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Definition
| Impaired absorption of CSF within the subarachnoid space |
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Term
| Noncommunicating Hydrocephalus |
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Definition
| Obstruction to the flow of CSF through the ventricular system |
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Term
Thorough history including: onset and progression, frequency (how many stools in 24 hours; don’t ask just about the day), color and consistency of stool, blood/mucous in stool, urinary pattern, fever, intake, activity, day care, exposure, travel, pets, associated symptoms
Complete physical exam including hydration assessment |
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Definition
| assessment of child with diarrhea |
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Term
lowest - morning
peaks - late afternoon |
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Definition
| body temperature is the lowest in the ___ and peaks in the ____ |
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Term
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Definition
| Most of the changes in brain development occur in the first ___ years of life |
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Term
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Definition
| Which of the overabundant neurons live and which die is determined by the amount and consistency of the ________ they receive |
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Term
Kidney disease
Heart disease
Increased intracranial pressure |
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Definition
| abnormal retention of fluid |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to the total amount of fluid or electrolyte in the body |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to the amount of electrolyte per unit of fluid |
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Term
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Definition
| hyperventilation (decreasing CO2) |
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Term
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Definition
| hypoventilation (increasing Co2) |
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Term
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Definition
| Urethral orifice is on the ventral surface of the penis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| disorder originates in kidney (pyelonephritis, Wilm’s tumor, minimal change nephritic syndrome) |
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Term
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Definition
| kidney function is affected by systemic disorder (SLE, hemolysis, dehydration, IDDM) |
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