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Peds Test 3
Pediatric Malignencies
44
Nursing
Graduate
07/16/2013

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Cards

Term
Childhood cancers arise from which cell layer
Definition
Mesodermal germ layer
Term
S/S of cancer
Definition
Spontaneous bruising, prolonged fever, headaches in morning
Term
Tx determined by
Definition
Type of cancer, location, extent of disease
Term
Majority type of radiation therapy
Definition
External beam therapy
Term
Chemo cell destruction
Definition
Inhibits cells within the body to divide, leading to cell death
Term
Chemo admin routes
Definition
PO, SQ, IM, IV, intrathecally
Term
Alkylating chemo drug
Definition
attack DNA
Term
Antimetabolites
Definition
interfere with DNA production
Term
Antitumor antibiotics
Definition
interferes with DNA production
Term
Plant alkaloids
Definition
Prevent cells from dividing
Term
Steroid hormones
Definition
slow growth of some cancers
Term
HSCT
Definition
hematopoietic stem cell transplant, involves umbilical cord blood and parent's stem cells
Term
Cause of immunodeficiency in children with cancer
Definition
lymphocyte production altered, splenic dysfunction (prevents maturation of WBCs), decreased immunoglobulin concentration
Term
Neutropenia cutoff
Definition
Absolute neutrophil count decreases below 500
Term
Granulocyte colony stimulation factor (SQ)
Definition
decreases duration of neutropenia by stimulation proliferation of progenitor cells of granulocytes (neutrophils)
Term
Varicella immunization with exposure
Definition
if child with no immunity has direct contact with a varicella individual, give immunization or acyclovir IV
Term
Varicella immunization without exposure
Definition
give three months after chemo, off prednisone
Term
Phenothiazines
Definition
Antiemetics, Trilafon, Thorazine, Phenergan block dopamine receptors from stimulating chemoreceptor trigger zones
Term
Serotonin receptor antagonist
Definition
Zofran, Kytril used when >3 years
Term
Mucositis
Definition
progressive inflammatory, ulcerative condition of oral gastric mucosa, occurs d/t interruption if cell renewal process
Term
Hair Loss
Definition
Usually occurs within 10 days of chemo
Term
Late effects of cancer therapy
Definition
Sterility, thyroid, cardiovascular, respiratory
Term
Leukemia
Definition
Most common malignancy, cancer of blood or bone maarrow, usually WBCs, high survival rate
Term
Acute Lymphoblastic leukemia
Definition
ALL, most common form
Term
Acute myelogenous leukemia
Definition
15-20% incidence
Term
Chronic myeloid leukemia
Definition
5% incidence
Term
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Definition
aalmost never affects children
Term
Leukemia Prognosis
Definition
Initial WBC most significant, higher the count poorer the outcome (>100,000=poor) girls do better, under 2 over 10
Term
Leukemia Diagnosis
Definition
Peripheral blood smear, bone marrow analysis, lumbar puncture
Term
Leukemia 3-phase Tx
Definition
Induction: goal to achieve remission, 1 month
Consolidation: most intense, lasts 4-8 months
Maintenance: last 2-3 years
Term
Types of CNS tumors
Definition
Cerebellar astrocytoma (50%)
Medullowblastoma
Brainstem glioma
ependymoma
Term
CNS tumor chemo drugs
Definition
temozolamide, procarbazine, lomustine
Term
S/S of Hodgkin's disease
Definition
night sweats, weight loss, malaise, painless, firm nodes
Term
Hodgkin's Tx
Definition
radiation to nodes, combo chemo for 6 months, prednisone, stem cell transplant
Term
Neuroblastoma Age, survival, type of tumor
Definition
2 years, poorest survival rate, embryonic tumor
Term
Neuroblastoma diagnosis
Definition
CT or bone scan, 95% secrete catecholamines in the urine
Term
Wilm's Tumor
Definition
Most common intra-abdmonial/renal tumor in children, "silent"
Term
Increased risk for Wilm's tumor
Definition
Hypospadius, cryptorchidism, african american, femalse
Term
Do not do this when assessing for Wilm's tumor
Definition
DO NOT PALPATE THE ABDOMEN!
Term
Osteogenic sarcoma metastasizes to:
Definition
the lungs
Term
Ewing sarcoma
Definition
tumor of flat bones (pelvis, chest, vertebrae)
Term
Most common soft bone tissue tumor
Definition
rhabdomyosarcoma (usually head and neck)
Term
Intraocular tumor composed of embryonal retinal cells
Definition
retinoblastoma
Term
s/s of retinoblastoma
Definition
strabismus, creamy white pupillary reflex, impaired vision, painful eyes, Cat eyes
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