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Peds - Chapter 25
Vocab
41
Nursing
Undergraduate 2
07/29/2013

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Term
adventitious sounds
Definition
Breath sounds that are not normally heard, such as crackles and rhonchi.
Term
airway remodeling
Definition
Irreversible thickening of the subepitheleal basement membrane and proliferation of smooth muscle cells in size and number as the result of asthma.
Term
airway resistance
Definition
The effort or force needed to move oxygen through the trachea to the lungs.
Term
alveolar hypoventilation
Definition
The condition in which the volume of air entering the alveoli during gas exchange is inadequate to meet the body's metabolic needs.
Term
apnea
Definition
Cessation of respiration lasting longer than 20 seconds.
Term
asthma flare
Definition
Sudden appearance of breathing difficulty (cough, wheeze, or breathlessness) often called an asthma attack.
Term
atelectasis
Definition
Incomplete expansion of the lungs at birth, or collapse of the lungs or a section of the lungs.
Term
bronchiolitis obliterans
Definition
Chronic rejection of transplanted lungs that is unresponsive to immunologic medication management.
Term
compliance
Definition
Ability of the lungs and chest wall to expand during inspiration and recoil with expiration; amount of distention or expansion the ventricles can achieve to increase stroke volume.
Term
cor pulmonale
Definition
Obstruction of pulmonary blood flow that leads to right ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure.
Term
dysphagia
Definition
Difficulty in swallowing.
Term
dysphonia
Definition
Muffled, hoarse, or absent voice sounds.
Term
dyspnea
Definition
Shortness of breath; difficulty in breathing.
Term
empyema
Definition
A collection of pus in the pleural space.
Term
exercise-induced asthma
Definition
Bronchospasm caused by hyperventilation of air that is cooler and dryer than the respiratory tree.
Term
grunting
Definition
A sound produced by the rapid release of air at the end of expiration in a newborn or infant.
Term
hemoptysis
Definition
Coughing up blood from the respiratory tract.
Term
hypercapnia
Definition
Greater than normal amounts of carbon dioxide in the blood.
Term
hypoxemia
Definition
Lower than normal amounts of oxygen in the blood.
Term
hypoxia
Definition
Lower than normal amounts of oxygen in the tissues.
Term
laryngospasms
Definition
Spasmodic vibrations of the larynx, which create sudden, violent, unpredictable, involuntary contractions of airway muscles.
Term
mottled
Definition
Patchy pink, pale, and cyanotic variations in skin color associated with hypoxia.
Term
paradoxical breathing
Definition
Severe respiratory distress in which the chest falls and the abdomen rises on inspiration.
Term
periodic breathing
Definition
Pauses in respiration lasting less than 20 seconds; a normal breathing pattern in infancy and childhood.
Term
pneumonitis
Definition
A chemical lung injury and resulting inflammatory response.
Term
pneumothorax
Definition
Condition that occurs when air enters the pleural space because of tears in the tracheobronchial tree, the esophagus, or the chest wall.
Term
polysomnography
Definition
A sleep study that simultaneously records the brain activity, eye movement, and respiration.
Term
prevalence
Definition
The percentage of the population that has a condition at a specific point in time
Term
pulse oximeter
Definition
A transcutaneous assessment method to detect the amount of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen.
Term
pulsus paradoxus
Definition
When the arterial blood pressure during expiration exceeds the arterial pressure during inspiration by 10 mm Hg.
Term
respiratory effort
Definition
The work of breathing.
Term
retractions
Definition
Visible depression between the bones and cartilage of the chest during each inspiration when accessory muscles are used in the case of respiratory distress.
Term
stridor
Definition
An abnormal, high-pitched musical respiratory sound caused when air moves through a narrowed larynx or trachea.
Term
subcutaneous emphysema
Definition
Air leakage in the tissue.
Term
surfactant
Definition
A lipid-protein secreted in the lungs that lowers the surface tension of the alveoli.
Term
tachypnea
Definition
An elevated respiratory rate.
Term
tidal volume
Definition
The amount of air inhaled and exhaled during a normal breath.
Term
tracheostomy
Definition
The creation of a surgical opening into the trachea through the anterior neck at the cricoid cartilage, often performed if long-term airway management is needed.
Term
trigger
Definition
A stimulus that initiates an asthmatic episode; a substance or condition, including exercise, infection, allergy, irritants, weather, or emotions.
Term
tripod position
Definition
Tripod position sitting forward with arms on knees for support and extending the neck.
Term
ventilation
Definition
The movement of oxygen into the lungs and carbon dioxide out of the lungs.
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