Term
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Definition
| infants weighing less than 2500g |
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Term
| Small for gestational age where on the growth chart? |
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Definition
| below the 10th percentile |
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Term
| Small for gestational age are prone to? |
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Definition
hypolglycemia
hypocalcemia
polycthemia
hypothermia
mental and physical handicaps |
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Term
| Large for gestational age where on the growth chart? |
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Definition
| Above the 90th percentile |
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Term
| Large for gestational age are usually born to mothers with diabetes. At risk for? |
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Definition
hypolglycemia
polycythemia
birth trauma
hyaline membrane disease
congenital malformations |
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Term
| Term infants lose_________% of their body weight during the first_______days of life? |
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Definition
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Term
| estimate child's weight for 50 percentile, FORMULA= |
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Definition
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Term
| Viability of the lungs occur at____weeks? This is when surfactant begins to develop. |
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Definition
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Term
| What cells produce surfactant? |
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Definition
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Term
| Accessory wall muscles are_________compared to adults. |
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Definition
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Term
| The chest wall moves _______on inspiration. |
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Definition
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Term
| The chest wall is floppy due to the high concentration of: |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens to the chest wall with gestational age? |
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Definition
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Term
| Respiratory muscles tend to fatique quicker d/t low content? |
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Definition
type I muscles in the diaphram.
It's only 25% compared to 50% in the adult.
Prior 37 weeks only 10% type I muscles |
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Term
| total lung capacity in infants are _____than adults |
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Definition
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Term
| FRC is ________per kilogram basis. |
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Definition
| However infants have low residula volumes at FRC thus a smaller store of oxygen on which to draw during apnea. |
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Term
| Airway resistance in newborn ____-____cm H20. |
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Definition
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Term
| Central airways are teh trachea to the? |
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Definition
| 12th bronchial generation |
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Term
| collapse of the trachea can occur with ______and______ |
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Definition
| both inspiration and expiration |
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Term
| diffusion of pulmonary gas exchange is ________in newborns |
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Definition
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Term
| Gas exchanging surface are is ______in infants |
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Definition
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Term
| Diffusing capacity ________with growth and development |
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Definition
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Term
| Venous admixture is higher in infants. The shunt franction is ___-___% if tge cardiac output. This is caused by what |
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Definition
| shunt of 10-20% of the cardiac output, caused by poorly developing alveoli |
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Term
| Hypercapnia is not potentiated by hypoxia. Hypoxia can depress hypercapnic ventilatory response. High O2 can _____respirations in newborns |
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Definition
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Term
| A reflex that causes apnea, d/t the inflation of the lung; occurs the first few weeks of life. |
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Definition
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Term
| When is apnea most concerning after general anesthesia. |
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Definition
| Greatest risk occurs in cheldren <55 weeks gestational age. |
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Term
| Review HR and BP at which ages Chapter 2 |
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Definition
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Term
| Normal kidney function not present until age_______? Does not reach adult levels until age ______? |
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Definition
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Term
| GFR at birth is ____-____% of normal adult values and reasches adult values by ______? |
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Definition
| 15-30%; end of the first year |
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Term
| What occurs at birth d/t diminished renal tubular threshold for bicarbonate? |
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Definition
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Term
| When does abumin synthesis begin? At when does it approach adult values? |
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Definition
| 3-4 months gestations; adult values at birth. |
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Term
| The immature liver causes impaired________ in early life. |
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Definition
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Term
| Drug metabolism is not effective in the first few______? |
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Definition
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Term
| Immature liver causes alterations in _______binding? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is absent in the lower esophagus of the infant? |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes frequent regurgitation of gastric ocntents? |
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Definition
| immature pharyngoesophageal sphincter |
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Term
| What percentage of newborns regurgitate their foods? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is associated with GERD? |
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Definition
| apnea and bradycardia in infants |
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Term
| Neonates have ______glycogen stores. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is Hgb at 9-12 weeks |
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Definition
| 10-11 g/dL; decreased d/t decreased erythropoesis and life span of RBC's |
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Term
| Normal Hgb at 2 years of age? |
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Definition
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Term
| Neonates are at increased risk of infection d/t to |
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Definition
| immuature leukocyte funtion |
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Term
| What is low at birth d/t immature liver? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| delayed awakening, cardiac irritability, respiratory depression, increased pulmonary resistance, altered drug response. |
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Term
| Neonates produce heat by? |
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Definition
| nonshivering thermogenesis |
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Term
| The larynx is more cephalad in the neck located at what level? Hyoid bone is at what level? |
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Definition
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Term
| Infants have vocal cord attachement lower ______ (anterior or posterior) |
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Definition
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Term
| The ETT gets caught up in the _______ commisure of the vocal cords? |
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Definition
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Term
| The narrowest part of the infant's larynx is the? |
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Definition
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Term
| At what age does the larynx reach adult population? |
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Definition
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Term
| The size of the ETT is based on the child's? |
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Definition
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Term
| You should hear an air leak at about ? |
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Definition
| 20-25cm H20 peak inflation pressure |
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Term
| Pressures over ______cm H20 can cause |
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Definition
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Term
| Use uncuffed ETT in children >_____ years old. |
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Definition
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Term
| Tube diameter is determined by the following formula? |
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Definition
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Term
| ETT insertion distance is determined by the following formula AFTER aged 2. |
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Definition
(Age/2) + 12
newborn=10
1 year =11
2 year =12 |
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Term
Blade size:
Preterm and neonates use a miller _____; Neonate - 2 years use a Miller_____; 2-6 use a Mac _____or____ or a Wis Hipple ______ |
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Definition
| Miller 0; Miller 1; Mac 1 or 2; or Hipple 1.5 |
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Term
| Post intubation croup mostly at risk at age ____-_____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Post intubation croup is d/t? |
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Definition
| Changes in position during intubation; Multiple attempts, ages 1-4 y/o. Treat w/ humidification, nebulized epi, dexamethasone |
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Term
| What is most cares of subglotic stneosis caused by? |
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Definition
| Prolonged intubation; scar tissue from lateral wall pressure and ischemia causes narrowing of the airway |
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Term
| Should routine lab test be performed on healthy children? |
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Definition
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Term
| The most commonly prescribed premed? |
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Definition
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Term
Midazolam doses
IV; IM; Oral; Rectal |
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Definition
| .25-.75mg/kg IV; .1-.2 mg/kg IM; .2/kg nasally; 1mg/kg rectally |
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Term
| What med is not used on neonates d/t risk respiratory depression |
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Definition
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Term
| Transmucosal fentanyl lollipop dose? |
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Definition
| 10-15mg/kg; works in 15 minutes |
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Term
| Intranasal dose of fentanyl? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| nystagmus, hallucinations, and postop N&V. Mix robinul, versed, & ketamine in the syringe. |
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Term
|
Definition
| IV 0.5-2mg/kg; IM 2mg/kg; Rectally 10mg/kg works 3-5 minutes IM |
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Term
| Atropine dose? Robinul dose? |
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Definition
| .01-.02mg/kg IV; Glyco=0.01mg/kg IV...better for oral secretions. |
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Term
| Acetominophen MOST commonly used in children for pain. Is it safe in neonates? |
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Definition
| Yes. Given rectally after induction 20-30 mg/kg DO NOT EXCEED 100mg/kg in 24 hrs. |
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Term
| Can Ketorolac be given to kids? |
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Definition
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Term
| Stress corticoid dose give _____hour(s) before surgery? Hydrocortisone dose? Dexamethasone dose? |
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Definition
| 1 hr.; Solu-Cortef=1-2mg/kg/IV; Dexamethason= .05-1.0mg/kg |
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Term
| Ketamine can be used in kids w/ CV instability, hypovolemic state, or pts. who cannot tolerate a reduction in? |
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Definition
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Term
| Brochodilators in children w/ no lung dz or having airway surgery provide no benefit T/F |
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Definition
| True; no benefit possibly treat w/ lidocain |
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Term
| URI causes increased risk of: |
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Definition
| bronchospasm & laryngospasm |
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Term
|
Definition
| Not if mild without acute onset. |
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