Term
| what kind of derformity happens when there's an abnormal attachment of the testis within the scrotum |
|
Definition
| Bell and Clapper Deformity |
|
|
Term
| torsion of the appendix of the testis is most common at what age? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MCC of testicular pain in boys > 12yo |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| acute testicular pain and swelling, cremasteric reflex is absent, 2-3mm tender mass in upper pole, blue dot sign present when seen through the scrotum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| test of choice for testicular torsion |
|
Definition
| color doppler sonography (CDS) |
|
|
Term
| what does radionuclide imaging of a testicular torsion show if present > 5 hrs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tests to order for recurrent UTI/hematuria |
|
Definition
UA and culture, suprapubic aspiration,
all children < 6yo should undergo renal US or VCUG |
|
|
Term
| when should a VCUG always be done? |
|
Definition
| all children 2mo-2yo after the first UTI |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cystitis, Pyelonephritis, Vesicouretal reflux |
|
|
Term
| incidence of UTI's in males and females, how does this change with age? |
|
Definition
males = less common due to long urethra.
females = much more common due to short urethra.
As kids age male UTI's decrease and female UTI's increase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
outpt if > 2mo, tolerate PO fluids, and non-toxic.
in pt if < 2mo, can't tolerate PO, toxic appearing and dehydrated. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
septra, amoxicillin, cephalosporins
ceftriaxone, gantrisin, cefotaxime, ampicillin, or gentamycin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| circumcision helps, abx, cranberry juice is recommneded only to prevent not tx. |
|
|
Term
| dysuruia, urgency, frequency, suprapubic tenderness/pain, fever, flank pain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| abrupt onset fever, chills, nausea, abd pain and tender swollen testicle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| acute testicular pain and swelling, absence of cremesteric reflex |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| type of PCKD that is rare, often fatal in 1st month of life |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 50% of pts with ARPCKD die from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2 cysts in 1 kidney and 1 cyst in the other |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
supportive, HTN control, genetic counseling,
low protein diet not necessary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| abdominal discomfort, hematuria, UTI, HTN, abdominal mass, mild proteinuria, polyuria/nocturia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| asx, abdominal swelling, fever, hematuria, reduced appetitie, HTN, constipation, stomach pain, nausea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| gastroenteritis, weakness, lethargy, vomiting, diarrhea, anemia, uremia |
|
Definition
| Hemoltyic Uremic Syndrome |
|
|
Term
| other names for minimal change disease |
|
Definition
| Lipoid Nephrosis or Nil Disease |
|
|
Term
| MCC of nephrotic syndrome in kids < 10 yo |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| causes of minimal change disease (3) |
|
Definition
| food allergies, meds, idiopathic |
|
|
Term
| who is minimal change disease increased in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| proteinuria, and edema usually preceeded by a URI, bee sting, drug use, or malignancy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the tx of minimal change disease? |
|
Definition
| prednisolone, BP meds (ACEI), statins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hypospadias (meatus may be anywhere along the urethral groove) |
|
|
Term
| complication of cryptorchidism |
|
Definition
| increased risk of infertility and malignancy (specifically seminoma) |
|
|
Term
girls = normal reproductive organs, abnormal menstrual periods, excessive hair growth, failure to menstruate.
boys = appear to enter puberty at 2-3 yrs of age, small testes |
|
Definition
| congential adrenal hyperplasia |
|
|
Term
| how does congenital adrenal hyperplasia effect height? |
|
Definition
| boys and girls will be tall as children but short as adults |
|
|
Term
| newborn manifestations of CAH |
|
Definition
| cardiac arrhythmias, dehydration, electrolyte changes, vomiting |
|
|
Term
| ambiguous genetalia from chromosomal abnormality, presence of both male and female sex organs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| painful swelling of the foreskin distal to the phimotic ring, occurs if the foreskin remains retracted too long |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lack of testes on testicular exam |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
edema in the periorbital and scrotal region
HTN
anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies
UA = RBC's, protein |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
nausea/vomiting, fever
dysuria
low back pain, fatigue
hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis
kidney failure, proteinuria |
|
Definition
| acute interstitial nephritis |
|
|
Term
| 3 phases of tubular necrosis |
|
Definition
| oliguric, diuretic, recovery |
|
|
Term
| when is renal recovery unlikely with tubular necrosis? |
|
Definition
| if the period of oliguria/anuria lasts 3-6 wks |
|
|
Term
peripheral edema
dyspnea due to pulmonary edema
ascites
UA = proteinuria
serum albumin is decreased, lipids = increased |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1st MC bacterial cause of UTI
2nd MC bacterial cause of UTI |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| who has little risk of internal vaginal infections? why? |
|
Definition
| prepubertal girls due to an unestrogenized genital tract |
|
|
Term
| dysuria, vulvar pain and itching, vaginal discharge |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| who is urethral prolapse MC in? |
|
Definition
| AA girls and obese school aged girls |
|
|
Term
| what precipitates urethral prolapse? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tx the underlying disease
estrogen cream of tropical abx cream
oral analgesics |
|
|
Term
| chronic derm disorder preceeded by itching and mild watery discharge, small pink/whjite flat topped papular lesions appear on both cutanous and mucosal surfaces |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when does lichen sclerosis of the genital region resolve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lichen sclerosis in the genital region may raise concern for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| vulva is intensely hyperemeic and a thick, cheesy, white discharge covers the urethra, introitus, and hymenal area |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| acute vulvar pain, dysuria, and discharge with a sharply circumscribed area of inflammation and desquamation |
|
Definition
| streptococcal vulvovaginitis |
|
|
Term
| painless indurated chancre, base is smooth and margins are rolled |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| flu like symptoms with generalized papulosquamous eruption involving the palms and soles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DDx of breast mass complaint |
|
Definition
| fibrocystic changes, fibroadenoma, breast cancer |
|
|
Term
| if the vaginal orifice has lacerations or bruising suspect |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| risk factors involved in infants born to adolescent mothers |
|
Definition
increased risk for LBW due in part to increased risk of pregnancy induced HTN and pre-eclampsia.
Increased risk of vertically transmitted STDs. |
|
|
Term
| What risks are involved in children born to mothers who are substance abusers |
|
Definition
tobacco --> increased risk of LBW.
FAS --> distinct pattern of facial abnormalities, growth deficiency, and evidence of CNS dysfunction.
Marijuana --> withdrawal like sxs if used > 6x/week.
cocaine and other stimulants --> vasoconstriction = placental insufficiency and LBW. |
|
|
Term
| normal findings of the vaginal orifice |
|
Definition
| annular, crescentic, fibriated |
|
|
Term
| when is a pelvic exam indicated? |
|
Definition
| sexually active, abnormal vaginal discharge, pain/dysuria, severe dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, polymenorrhea, sexual contact with someone suspected of having an STD, suspected sexual abuse |
|
|
Term
| know normal PE findings in a newborn, prepubertal, and peripubertal girl |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when is endocrinologic referral indicated? |
|
Definition
| virilization noted in a newborn especially when accompanied by hyperpigmmentation = urgent endo referral |
|
|
Term
| MC form of genital tract obstruction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| smooth flat membrane with a line overlying the introitus, fused portion is less than 1cm in length, rarely covers the urethral opening but urine can get trapped behind the fusion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
topical estrogen cream BID x 2 wks then at night x 1 wk. may also use A&D ointment or triple antibiotic.
Zinc-oxide based cream at night x a few months to prevent re-adhesion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hyperpigmentation of labia and areolae, increased breast tissue, estrogen withdrawal bleed, sxs resolve after stop tx. |
|
|
Term
| 2 complications of imperforate hymen |
|
Definition
hydrocolpos if infant has copious vaginal fluids.
hematocolpos due to neonatal withdrawal bleed or trauma |
|
|
Term
| when is imperforate hymen most commonly seen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| incision of membrane to allow drainage, excision of redundant tissue |
|
|
Term
| it is not uncommon for one breast bud to appear how long before the other? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| breast development before age 8 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| absence of any breast development by age 13 |
|
|
Term
| how do you assess a breast mass in an adolescent? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when does breast development usually start? complete? |
|
Definition
| 8-14yo, lasts approximately 4 yrs and is usually complete by 18yo |
|
|
Term
| what should be ruled out with premature thelarce (3) |
|
Definition
| estrogen producing ovarian tumors, ingestion of estrogen containing compounds, true precocious puberty |
|
|
Term
| when do the ovaries descent into the pelvis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what speculum is ideal for virginal adolescents? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when does ACOG recommend the first pap smear? |
|
Definition
| age 21 or within 3 yrs of vaginal intercourse, whichever is sooner |
|
|
Term
| virilization in a newborn should prompt what? |
|
Definition
| immediately laboratory eval and urgent endocrinology consult. |
|
|
Term
| who should undergo rectal bimanual exam? (4) |
|
Definition
| pts with precocious puberty, suspected abdominal masses, suspected vaginal foreign bodies, abdominal pain |
|
|
Term
| with what disease is vaginal pH elevated? decreased? |
|
Definition
elevated = BC, trich
decreased = candidal |
|
|
Term
| ectropian (eversion) of the endocervical columnar epithelium onto the cervical surface is |
|
Definition
| common and normal in adolescents |
|
|
Term
| urethral prolapse is often mistaken for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how is the tx of labial adhesions and urethral prolapse similar? |
|
Definition
| both use topical estrogen creams and topical abx creams. |
|
|
Term
| only cervical cancer vaccine that protects against 4 types of HPV (2 cancer, 2 warts) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| small pink-white, flat topped papular lesions that appear on both cutaneous and mucosal surfaces, may coalesce to form larger plaque like lesions that may have scaly surfaces |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| know PE exams findings of vaginal infections, trauma, sexual abuse, and normal pts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| causes of false positive pregnancy tests (4) |
|
Definition
| hydatiform mole, malignancy, post abortion, LH surge/elevations |
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|
