Term
| how do you calculate a Mentzer Index? |
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Definition
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Term
| what do the results of the Mentzer index mean? |
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Definition
> 13.5 = iron deficiency
< 13 = Thalassemia |
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Term
| what is the most common type of anemia? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the lab presentation of iron deficiency anemia? |
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Definition
hypochromic/microcytic anemia with a low retic count and elevated RDW.
low serum iron and ferritin.
high TIBC and free erythrocyte protoporphyrin.
Anisocytosis, poikilocytosis |
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Term
| what kids is iron deficiency most common in? |
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Definition
| bottle fed infants who recieve large amounts of cow's mild (age 9-24 months) |
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Term
| what is the first lab value to fall with iron deficiency anemia? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the tx of iron deficiency anemia? |
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Definition
| supplementation with 3-6mg/kg of elemental iron in three divided doses for at least 4-6 wks. |
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Term
| how should you monitor the tx of iron deficiency anemia? |
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Definition
| tx should result in a hemoglobin increase of 0.25-0.4 g/dL/day |
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Term
| labs associated with thalassemia |
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Definition
| normal iron, normal TIBC, normal/high ferritin, normal/high Fe stores, high B-thalassemia and Normal A-Thalassemia, normal RDW |
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Term
| delayed clotting after trauma or surgery due to inability to stabalize platelet plug, prolonged PT/PTT |
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Definition
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Term
| how do you tx Hemophilia A |
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Definition
| prevent trauma, avoid ASA, supplement the coag factor (Factor 8 concentrate, FFP, or cryoprecipitate) |
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Term
| delayed clotting after trauma, prolonged PTT, normal PT, platelet count, and bleeding time |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| prevent trauma, avoid ASA, genetic cuonseling, supplement coag factor (Factor 9 concentrate, FFP, or cryoprecipitate) |
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Term
| clotting disorder that is common in Ashkenazi Jews, spontaneous bleeding and hemarthroses are uncommon |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| most common type of primary brain cancer in children |
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Definition
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Term
| MC symptom of medulloblastoma |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| is astrocytoma cancerous? |
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Definition
| it is a noncancerous tumor but if left untreated will become cancerous |
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Term
| suspected cause of astrocytoma |
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Definition
| electromagnetic waves from cell phone use |
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Term
| brain stem gliomas are almost exclusively seen in who? average age of presentation? |
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Definition
children (<20yo)
average age = 6yo |
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Term
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Definition
| insidious onset, lack of facial control, double vision |
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Term
| prognosis of brain stem gliomas |
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Definition
| poor. It is an aggressive and dangerous tumor, without tx the pt dies in a few months after dx. |
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Term
| tumor located in the ventricles and block the CSF flow |
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Definition
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Term
MC location of an ependymoma?
MC symptom of an ependymoma? |
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Definition
location = 4th ventricle
symptom = obstructive hydrocephalus |
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Term
| where do craniopharyngiomas arise from? |
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Definition
| pituitary gland and near the thalamus or hypothalamus |
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Term
| headache, FTT, bitemporal hteronymous hemianopsia |
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Definition
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Term
| cancer of the connective tissue |
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Definition
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Term
| sarcoma arising from the bone? from the cartilage? from smooth muscle? |
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Definition
bone = osteosarcoma
cartliage = chondrosarcoma
smooth muscle = leiomyosarcoma |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| most common location of osteosarcoma? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| MC location of Ewing Sarcoma? |
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Definition
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Term
| When is Ewing Sarcoma most common? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the two peaks in age for rhabdomyosarcoma? |
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Definition
2-6 yo (head, neck, GU)
15-19 yo (truncal, extremity, paratesticular lesions) |
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Term
| very treatable cancer with the best cure rate |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cranial nerve palsies, peripheral neuropathy |
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Term
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Definition
| ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity |
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Term
| SE of doxorubicin (adriamycin) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| hepatitis and biliary stasis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what does the RPI indicate? |
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Definition
if the body is responding appropriately to the degree of anemia.
> 3 = hemolysis or blood loss
< 3 = decreased production or ineffective production for the degree of anemia. |
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Term
| What is the Mentzer's index used for? |
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Definition
| to differentiate between iron deficiency anemia and thalassemia |
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Term
| in children what are most cases of B12 deficiency due to? |
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Definition
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Term
| untreated lead poisoning can lead to |
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Definition
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Term
| MCC symptom associated with malignancies? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the MC leukemia in children? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| presenting clinical features of an infant with LCH |
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Definition
| seborrhea and chronic ear drainage |
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Term
| MC kidney tumor in children |
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Definition
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Term
| thin, brittle nails, thinning hair and lateral eyebrows, bradycardia, enlarged tongue, umbilical hernia, delayed return of DTR's, fatigue, dry skin, depression, constipation, decreased appetite |
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Definition
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Term
| polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss, ketoacidosis |
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Definition
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Term
| autoimmune disease associated with a specific HLA-gene and presence of autoantibodies of islet cells in the pancreas |
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Definition
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Term
| majority of all clinical diabetes, 1 or 2? |
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Definition
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Term
| DM associated with high fat diets, low exercise, and obesity |
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Definition
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Term
| insidious onset, polyuria, polydipsia, blurry vision, fatigue, weakness, dizziness, vascular/neuro disorders |
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Definition
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Term
| sweating, palpitations, hunger, tremor, weakness, headache, lightheadedness, confusion, seizures, coma |
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Definition
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Term
| when do pts with an insulinoma notice sxs of hypoglycemia? |
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Definition
| early in the morning or after missing a meal |
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Term
| most dependable test for the dx of hypoglycemia |
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Definition
| prolonged fasting in the hospital until hypoglycemia is noted. |
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Term
| hyperglycemia, ketonemia, ketonuria, metabolic acidosis (pH < 7.3, Bicard < 5) |
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Definition
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Term
| important complication of DKA |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| fluid correction, IV mannitol, hyperventilation, antibiotics if precipitated by infection |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| short limbs, long narrow neck, large head with midface hypoplasia, prominent brows |
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Definition
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Term
| what gene is altered in dwarfism? |
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Definition
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Term
| complications of dwarfism |
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Definition
| neuro deficits, bowing legs, obesity |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| appetite changes, diarrhea, headache, fatigue, heat intolerance, irritability, menstrual disturbances, palpitations |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| propranalol, methimazol (PTU), radioactive iodine, thyroid surgery |
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Term
| how do you calculate the expected heigh of a child? |
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Definition
boys = M+D+5/2
birls = M+D-5/2 |
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Term
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Definition
1 = none (preadolescent)
2 = elevation of breast and areola
3 = enlargement of brest and areola
4 = areola and papillar = secondary mound.
5 = areola back in contour with breast, continued enlargement. |
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Term
| tanner pubic stages (girls) |
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Definition
1 = vellus hair
2 = sparse long, slightly curly hairs
3 = darker, coarser, spreads to pubic junction.
4 = adult type, small area.
5 = spreads to medial thighs |
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Term
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Definition
1 = childhood
2 = enlargement of testes and scrotum
3 = penis lengthening
4 = scrotum darkening, penis width increases, glans develops.
5 = pubuic hair on medial thighs |
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Term
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Definition
| in both sexes before age 2 |
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Term
| what is premature adrenarche? |
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Definition
| development of armpit hair, pubic hair, or armpit odor. Typically seen in girls age 6-8 |
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Term
| what should be done with the dx of premature adrenarche |
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Definition
| head CT/abd CT to rule out brain/adrenal tumors. |
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Term
| tx of premature adrenarche |
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Definition
usually none, recheck every 6 months.
refer to peds endo |
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Term
| delayed bone age, normal growth velocity, predicted adult height = normal. decreased linear growth in the first 3 years of age. |
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Definition
| consitutional growth delay |
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Term
| bone age appropriate for chronological age, normal growth velocity, and predicted adult height appropriate for familial pattern. |
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Definition
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Term
| bone age is more consistent with child's height than chronological age |
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Definition
| contitutional growth delay (late bloomer) |
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