Term
| 6 modes: the five basic mendelian patterns of inheritance for traits controlled by single genes are: |
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Definition
Autosomal recessive inheritance, autosomal dominant inheritance,
X-linked dominant inheritance,
X-linked recessive inheritance,
Y-linked inheritance
Mitochondrial genes are transmitted from mother to offspring |
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Term
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Definition
| An often fatal recessive genetic disorder associated with abnormal secretions of the exocrine glands |
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Term
| Autosomal recessive traits |
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Definition
| Cystic Fibrosis is an autosomal recessive trait |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| An autosomal dominant genetic disorder that affects the skeletal system, the cardiovascular system, and the eyes |
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Term
Sex-linked inheritance involves genes on the x and y chromosome
x-linked; |
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Definition
| The pattern of inheritance that results from genes located on the x chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
| The pattern of inheritance that results from genes located only on the Y chrommosome |
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Term
X-linked dominant traits
Hemizygous |
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Definition
| A gene present on the x chromosome that is expressed in males in both the recessive and the dominant conditions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Defective color vision caused by reduction or absence of visual pigments. There are three forms: red, green, and blue blindness. |
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Term
Some forms of muscular dystrophy are x-linked recessive traits:
Muscular dystrophy |
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Definition
| A group of genetic diseases associated with progressive degeneration of muscles. Two of these, Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy, are inherited as X-linked allelic recessive traits. |
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Term
| Many factors can affect the outcome of pedigree analysis: |
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Definition
Huntington Disease
Penetrance
Expressivity
Camptodactyly |
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Term
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Definition
| An autosomal dominant disorder associated with progressive neural degeneration and dementia. Adultonset is followed by death 10 to 15 years after symptoms appear. |
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Term
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Definition
| The probability that a disease phenotype will appear when a disease-related genotype is present |
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Term
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Definition
| The range of phenotypes resulting from a given genotype. |
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Term
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Definition
| A dominant human genetic trait that is expressed as immobile, bent; little fingers |
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Term
Autosomal Dominant traits characteristics of autosomal dominant traits;
Heterozygotes; |
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Definition
| Have abnormal phenotype, every affected individual has at least one affected parent (except in traits with high mutation rates) |
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Term
| characteristics of autosomal dominant traits; |
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Definition
| From affected individual is heterozygous and has an unaffected mate, each child has a 50% chance of being affected. |
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Term
| characteristics of autosomal dominant traits; |
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Definition
| Two affected individuals can have an unaffected child, Usually an affected family member in each generation |
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Term
Sex linked inheritance
males (XY) |
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Definition
| Males (XY)pass their x chromosomes to all of their daughters but none of their sons |
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Term
Sex linked inheritance
Females (XX) |
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Definition
| Females (XX) pass an x chromosome to all of their children |
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Term
Sex linked inheritance
Males carrying (X) |
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Definition
| Males carrying an (x) linked recessive allele express the recessive phenotype |
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Term
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Definition
| is a basic method in human genetics. |
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Term
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Definition
| Genes are transmitted from mother to offspring |
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Term
| Characteristics of Autosomal recessive traits; |
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Definition
- Most affected individuals have unaffected parents
- The risk of and affected child with heterozygous parent is 25%
- The trait is expressed in both males and females |
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Term
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Definition
| A basic method in human genetics. Is a diagram showing genetic information from family, standardized symbols, analysis and mendelian principles with two goals |
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Term
| Two goals of pedigree analysis |
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Definition
| Determine whether the trade is dominant or recessive pattern of inheritance. Discover whether the gene in question is located on a (X) or a (Y) chromosome or autosome (chromosome 1 to 22) |
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Term
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Definition
| Rule out all patterns of inheritance that are inconsistent with the pedigree. If any one pattern of inheritance is supported by information in pedigree, it is accepted as pattern of inheritance |
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Term
| How a trait is inherited; |
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Definition
| Can be used to predict genetic risk in; pregnancy outcome, adult onset disorders, and reoccurence risk and future off-spring |
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Term
| Five basic patterns of mendelian inheritance for traits controlled by a single gene are: |
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Definition
| Also known as six modes; autosomal recessive inheritance- X- Linked dominant inheritance- X- linked recessive inheritance- Y- linked inheritance- mitochondrial genes |
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Term
| Autosomal recessive traits; |
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Definition
| Most affected individuals have normal parents- there is a 25% chance that a child of heterozygotes will be affected- both sexes are affected in equal numbers |
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Term
| Cystic Fibrosis an Autosomal Recessive Trait; |
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Definition
| 1 in 25 Europeans, 1 in 46, Hispanics and, 1 in 65 African- American, 1 in 50 Asian Americans are cystic fibrosis carriers |
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Term
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Definition
| An often fatal recessive genetic disorder associated with abnormal secretions of the exocrine glands |
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Term
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Definition
| Cytoplasmic organelles that convert energy from food molecules into ATP. A molecule that powers many cellular functions |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA molecules that encode information for some 37 mitochondria genes. Most mitochondria carry 5 to 10 of these DNA molecules. Each cell can contain hundreds to even 1000 mitochondria. (Red blood cells are an exception; they have none). |
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Term
| Mitochondria are transmitted; |
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Definition
| From mother to all their offspring through the cytoplasm of the eight. (Sperm lose all cytoplasm during maturation). As a result, genetic disorders resulting from you. Mutations in mitochondrial genes are maternally inherited |
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Term
| Mitochondria in both males and females |
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Definition
| Can be affected by mitochondrial disorders, but only females transmit mitochondria and any mutant genes they carry, producing a distinctive pattern of inheritance |
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Term
| Genetic disorders in mitochondria |
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Definition
| DNA are associated with defects in energy conversion |
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Term
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Definition
| have regular and consistent patterns of expressions |
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Term
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Definition
| A wide range of phenotypes. Some mutant genotype may be present, but remain unexpressed, resulting in a normal phenotype |
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Term
| Variation in phenotype expression |
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Definition
| Caused by a number of factors including, (A) interaction with other genes in the genotype. (B) interaction between genes and environment |
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Term
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Definition
| Act before birth, or early in development, the phenotypic expression of some genetic disorder is delayed until adulthood. Examples: Huntington disease and Porphia |
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Term
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Definition
| Is first expressed between the ages of 30 and 50 years of age |
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Term
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Definition
| Autosomal dominant disorder, is also expressed later in life. This disease is caused by the inability to correctly metabolize porhgrin, a chemical component of hemoglobin. |
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