Term
| congenital toxo: clinical dx, lab eval, tx? |
|
Definition
-hydrocephalus with generalized calcification, chorioretinitis
-toxo IgG antibody followed by IgM, which is more specific
-tx: Pyrimethamine and Sulfadiazine (both inh folic acid) |
|
|
Term
| congenital syphillis: clinical dx, lab eval, tx? |
|
Definition
osteochondritis and periostitis, eczematoid skin rash, snuffles
-RPR or VDRL and then FTABS or MHATP
-tx: penicillin G |
|
|
Term
| congenital rubella: clinical dx, lab eval, tx? |
|
Definition
eye - cataracts, cloudy cornea, pigmented retina.
skin- blueberry muffin
bone - vertical striation
heart - PDA, pulmonary stenosis
-maternal rubella status, if immune, send infant's IgG and the more specific IgM. If IgM is negative, but IgG is positive, viral cultures from urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and throat swabs may isolate the virus
tx: no specific tx. Infants considered infectious until 1yo.
can avoi it at frst with vaccine |
|
|
Term
| congenital cmv: clinical dx, lab eval, tx? |
|
Definition
microcephaly with perventricular calcifications; hepatosplenomegaly, chorioretinitis, inguinal hernas in males, thrombocytopenia, deafness
-urine for CMV culture or rapid CMV early antigen test
-tx: none. repeated evals to check on deafness |
|
|
Term
| congenital herpes simplex: clinical dx, lab eval, tx? |
|
Definition
skin vesicles or denuded skin, keratoconjunctivitis; acute central nervous system findings such as seizures
-viral culrutes from CSF, skin lesions, conjunctivae, urine, blood, rectum, and nasopharynx should grow in 2-3 days. PCR or CSF.
Direct flourescent ab staining of scraping from skin lesion is specific but not sensitive
tx: acyclovir |
|
|
Term
| neonatal chlamydia inf: clinical dx, lab eval, tx? |
|
Definition
- ocular congestion, edema, and discharge w/in a few weeks of birth and lasts 1-2 wks. can also get pneumonia
- tx - topical erythromycin in eye at birth, but wont stop pneumonia. treat eye and pneumo with oral erythromycin for 14 days |
|
|
Term
| fetal alcohol syndrome - clinical signs? |
|
Definition
| microcephaly, MR, IUGR, facial dysmorphisms, renal and cardiac defects |
|
|
Term
| tx of minimal change disease in peds? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| atheroscentesis and IV nafcillin |
|
|
Term
| what drug used to treat infantile spasms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Homocystinuria: presentation, inheritance, what deficiency, tx? |
|
Definition
presenatation: Marfan features +MR+thromboembolic events (may lead to hemiplegia)+downward dislocation of lens. Autosomal Recesive caused by def in cystathione synthase.
Tx - Vit B6 |
|
|
Term
| what tx if appendix ruptures? |
|
Definition
| ampicillin, gentamicin, metronidazole |
|
|
Term
| what are signs, dx, and tx of intususseption? |
|
Definition
signs: irritability, colicky pain, emesis with normalcy in between
dx and tx: barium or pneumatic enema |
|
|
Term
| what does vomiting lead to metabolcally? |
|
Definition
| hypokalemic hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis |
|
|
Term
| pyloric stenosis: age, signs, dx, tx? |
|
Definition
age: less than 2 months, most 2-4 wks
signs: projectile emesis
dx: US shows hypertrophic pylorus. olive sized know in abdomen.
tx: NG tube, correct metabolic abnl, surgery |
|
|
Term
| malrotations: signs, dx, tx? |
|
Definition
signs: blious emesis
dx: upper gi series with small bowel follow thru
tx: surgery |
|
|
Term
| gastro esophageal reflux: signs, dx, tx? |
|
Definition
signs: spitting up or vomiting, posisble failure to thrive
dx: moderate - barium swallow, pH probe, upper endoscopy; severe - abdominal us and barium. May want to do CXR if chest exam abnl is presence of reflux
tx - infants-small freq feedings in uprght position. May need medical therapy. Last ditch effort is Nissen fundoduplication |
|
|
Term
| what accounts for 65% of childhood diarrhea in winter? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if stool culture positive and pt febrile, what is tx for: <3mo, >3mo, >3mo and looks toxic? |
|
Definition
<3mo - admitted, blood culture, IV abx, consider LP and UA
>3mo - admit, bc, wait for abx until result of
-toxic - admit, IV abx, eval for pyeo, meningitis, pneumonia, osteomyelitis |
|
|
Term
| hirschprung - def, signs, dx, tx? |
|
Definition
cause - failure of migration of mesenteric plexus to end of colon --> constant constriction
signs - infnat who fials to pass meconium in 24 hours and requires repeated rectal stim to induce bm. In 1 mo -> poor feeding, bilious vomit, abd distention
dx: palpaton, abd radiograph, barium enema, manometry, biopsy
tx - surgery |
|
|
Term
| meckels divertculum: signs, dx, tx? |
|
Definition
signs - painless rectal bleeding
dx - technitium 99 scan
tx - surgical resection |
|
|
Term
what gi symptoms occur in infant with cystic fibrosis?
dx? |
|
Definition
meconium ileus. inspisated meconium obstructs small bowel.
dx: radogrpahs dalted loops of bowel. Barium shows microcolon from disuse |
|
|
Term
| review flashcards on overdose correction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| necrotizing enterocolitis: signs, dx, tx? |
|
Definition
signs: premature infant with bloody stool, distended abd, inc O2 need
dx: abd xray that shows pneumanitis intestinalis
tx: perforation --> surgery, otherwise observe |
|
|
Term
| if suspect Ecoli HUS, what is medium for plating? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if you take in cows milk instead of human, what vit/mineral is deficient? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
B thalassemia major and Hemoglobin H: tx?
B thal minor and A thal minor tx? |
|
Definition
prbc transfusion, folate, iron chelation. If too many transfusions, splenectomy
minor - no tx necessary, often mistaken for IDA |
|
|
Term
| dx and tx for hereditary spherocytosis? |
|
Definition
dx: osmotic fragility test
prbc, folate (to supplement inc turnover), splenectomy if necessary |
|
|
Term
| G6PD def: dx and tx? inheritance? |
|
Definition
dx: dec NADPH on assay, hemolysis
tx: prbc in crisis, avoid stressors, hydration, urne alkalinization
inh: XLR |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
signs: diarrhea, glossitis, weight loss, neuro symp
dx: dec B12, megaloblastic anemia, schilling test
tx: B12 IM |
|
|
Term
| fanconi's anemia: sx, dx, tx? |
|
Definition
sx: hyperpig, cafe au lait spots, microcephaly, microphthalmia, short stature, horseshoe or absent kidney, absent thumbs
dx: inc chromosomal breakage with exposure to diepoxybutane
tx: prbcs and abx, bone marrow tx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tx: IVIG, splenectomy, or both |
|
|
Term
| what do you not do if conjunctivtis is thought to be from HSV1? |
|
Definition
| do not give abx drops bc it can lead to more severe disease and dec vision |
|
|
Term
| orbital cellulitis: sings, dx, tx? |
|
Definition
sgns: skin around eye warm, indurated, tender, no pain, fever +/-
dx: clinical
tx: true emergency, intraventricular abx. Cefuroxime unless Staph in whch case you give penicillinase resistant penicillin or vanco |
|
|
Term
| Herpangina: signs, tx? What is it called when on palms and soles? |
|
Definition
Signs: high fever, sore throat, vesicles in mouth and throat
Tx: none, resolves in a few days
Hand-foot-and-mouth disease |
|
|
Term
What is most common cause of sore throat? Dx? Tx? What called when has sandpaper like rash on abdomen?
What can occur 3-4 wks later if not treated? Dx?
What occurs 10 days later even if treated? Tx? |
|
Definition
Most common – GA Strep (Strep Pyogenes)
Dx: culture
Tx: 10 days penicillin.
With rash on abdomen – scarlet fever
3-4 wks later If not treated – acute rheumatic fever
Dx: jones criteria
10 days later even if treated – acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
tx: penicillin and diuretics |
|
|
Term
| Mononucleosis – what is inf? Signs? Dx? |
|
Definition
Inf – EBV
Signs: exudative pahryngitis, fatigue, generalized lymphadenopathy
Dx: leukocytosis,leucopenia, heterophile antibody test
Tx: rest |
|
|
Term
| Croup – what is org? signs? Dx? Tx? |
|
Definition
Org – parainfluenza virus
Signs – hoarse voice, barky cough, stridor,
Dx – mostly clinical, neckxr shows narrowed tapered subglottic airway
Tx – most kids stay home and rest with cool air or humidity. In er will get 1 dose of steroids and epinephrine |
|
|
Term
| Epiglotitis – cause? signs? Dx? Tx? |
|
Definition
Cause – Hib – now very rare bc of vaccine
Signs – Child drooling and leaning forward to max airway patency. sore throat, fever, hoarseness, stridor, toxic appearance, resp distress
Dx – clnical, lateral xray show sthumb printing of epiglottis
Tx – intubation, ampicillin sulbactam until cultures come back with sensitivity |
|
|
Term
| Bronchiolitis – common cause? signs? Dx? Tx? |
|
Definition
Common cause - RSV
Signs - children younger than 2 years old, URI symptoms like cough, fever and nasal congestion, followed by respiratory symptoms like wheezing and tachypnea
Diagnosis - Clinical, Confirm with viral Ag or Ab testing
Treatment - Supportive; If high-risk, can give RSV monoclonal Ab (Palivizumab) prophylactically |
|
|
Term
| Pertussis – cause? Signs? Dx? Tx? |
|
Definition
Cause – bordetella pertussis
Signs – afebrile, whooping cough,
Dx – culture, cxr usually nl
Tx – infants should be hospitalized, erythromycin before cough (do nothing after it begins) |
|
|
Term
| Pneumonia - causes by age: tx? |
|
Definition
<1 mo – GBS,
1-6 mo RSV
6mo-5yrs – RSV, parainfluenza, influenza, adenovirus/ strep penumo, haem influenza
school age/adolescent – mycoplamsa pneumoniae
tx: strep penumo – amoxicillin or ampicillin; mycoplasma – macrolide |
|
|
Term
| Polycycstic kidney disease: wh is AR/AD? |
|
Definition
| AR – childhood, AD – Adult |
|
|
Term
| Vesicoureteral reflux – signs? Dx? Tx? |
|
Definition
Signs – recurrent uti
Dx – voiding cystourethrogram shows abnl insertion
Tx – amoxicillin and ntrofurantoin ppx. Surgery if necessary. |
|
|
Term
| UTI – dx? Tx? What if don’t respond in 48 hrs? what to do for child with recurrent UTI? |
|
Definition
Dx – positive urine culture is gold std. If under 24 months and Female must have US to r/o vesicoureteral reflux or structural lesions. Boys have US at any age with first UTI. If febrile and any age, get US and VCUG.
Tx – cystitis: amoxicillin or bactirm; non toxic pyelo: cefixime or amp/gent or cefotaxime; if toxic appearing – admit and IV abx
if don’t respond in 48 hrs, get VCUG or radonuclide cystography
recurrent - US, then VCUG, if VCUG positive, do renal scan to assess amnt of scarring |
|
|
Term
| nephrotic syndrome: what is most common in peds? What are other 2? Signs? Tx? |
|
Definition
| Most common – minimal change disease Other 2 – focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, diffuse mesangial proliferatve glomerulonephritis Signs – proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, edema Tx – oral steroids and salt restriction. If don’t respond, do kidney biopsy. |
|
|
Term
| Alport’s syndrome- cause? Signs? |
|
Definition
Cause – mutation in type IV collagen wh/ leads to abnl GBM
Signs – painless hematura, glomerulonephritis and sensorineural hearing loss |
|
|
Term
| Glomerulonephritis – signs? |
|
Definition
| Signs – hematuria, azotemia, oliguria, edema, htn |
|
|
Term
| Renal tubular acidosis: what is metabolic picture? what s proximalRTA (type 2)? Distal (type 1 and 4)? Which is most common? Tx? |
|
Definition
Met – hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis
Proximal – proximal tubule fails to reabsorb bicrab
Distal – 1) deficient hydrogen secretion into ultrafiltrate or 4) impaired ammonia prod in face of hyperkalemia from hypoaldosteronism or pseudohypoaldosteronism
Most common – 4
Tx – alkalinizing agent |
|
|
Term
| Fanconi’s syndrome – what is it? |
|
Definition
| Generalized disorder of proximal tubule transport with excessive urinary losses of bicarb, proteins, glucose, electrolytes, H2O |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Low sodium diet, thiazide, and indomethacin or aspirin |
|
|
Term
| HTN – first tx? first line meds? Second line? What used in adolescents? |
|
Definition
First line – diet, weight control, exercise
1 – beta blockers, diuretics
2 – ca ch bl and ACEI
adolescents – ca ch bl and ACEI |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tx – behavior or DDAVP to conc urine at night and hopefully lead to less need to urinate |
|
|
Term
| NTD have inc/dec AFP? What weks measured? What helps dec incidence? |
|
Definition
| Inc AFP, 16-18 wks, folate |
|
|
Term
| What is Cushings triad and what is it a late indicator of? |
|
Definition
Bradycardia, hypertension, Cheyne Stokes breathing
Late indicator of hydrocephalus and inc ICP |
|
|
Term
| Ataxia telangectasia – signs? what age? inheritance? |
|
Definition
Signs - in toddlers, atazxia with telangectatisa and immunodeficiency
AR |
|
|
Term
| Friedrich’s ataxia – signs? When inherited? |
|
Definition
Atxia, weakness, muscle wasting, skeletal deformities. Most die of cardiomyopathy-related heart disease before 30.
Later in childhood |
|
|
Term
| Tuberous sclerosis – signs? |
|
Definition
| Ash leaf spots, shagren patches (skin thickened(, sebaceous adenomas, hyperpigmented macular forehead lesions. Neuroimaging shows perventricular knob lke areas (tubers) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Retinal hamartomas, hamartomas in CNS, renal cell carcinoma, pheochromocytoma |
|
|
Term
| Developmental Hip Dysplasia – treatment? |
|
Definition
| Tx: most fix themselves. If need it, get Pavlik harness wh/ keeps hp abducted and flexed |
|
|
Term
| Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease: def, signs, dx, tx? |
|
Definition
Def – avascular necrosis of femoral epiphysis
Painless limp in young male
Dx – xray. May be neg early and later show inc radioluscency
Tx – rest and preservation |
|
|
Term
| Osteomyelitis: dx, tx? What are sicklers susceptible in osteomyelitis? |
|
Definition
Dx: aspiration, bone scan better than plain films
Tx: oral abx 4-6 wks. Oxacillin for staph aureus
Salmonella (and the other most common – staph aureus, Hib) |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 parts to asthma? |
|
Definition
| Bronchoconstriction, edema, infl |
|
|
Term
| Meconium ileus in neonate is pathognomonic for what? What is dx test for this disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
erythema toxicum
lesions are yellow white, 1-2 mm, surrounding edge of erythema,
waxes and wanes for first days to weeks of life.
Examination of fluid from lesions show eosinophils |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Salmon patches are flat vascular lesions that occur in the listed regions
and appear more prominent during crying. The lesions on the face fade
over the first weeks of life. Lesions found over the nuchal and occipital
areas often persist. No therapy is indicated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pustular melanosis is another benign, self-limited disease of unknown
etiology of the newborn period. It is more common in blacks than in
whites. These lesions are usually found at birth and consist of 1- to 2-mm
pustules that result in a hyperpigmented lesion upon rupture of the pus-
tule. The pustular stage of these lesions occurs during the first few days of
life, with the hyperpigmented stage lasting for weeks to months. No ther-
apy is indicated. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sebaceous nevi (nevus of Jadassohn) are small, sharply edged lesions
that occur most commonly on the head and neck of infants. These lesions
are yellow-orange in color and are slightly elevated. They usually are hair-
less. Malignant degeneration is possible, most commonly after adolescence. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Milia are fine, yellowish white, 1- to 2-mm lesions scattered over the
face and gingivae of the neonate. They are cysts that contain keratinized
material. Commonly, these lesions resolve spontaneously without therapy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Seborrheic dermatitis can begin anytime during life and frequently
presents as cradle cap in the newborn period. This rash is commonly
greasy, scaly, and erythematous and in smaller children involves the face,
neck, axilla, and diaper area. In older children, the rash can be localized to
the scalp and intertriginous areas. Pruritus can be marked. |
|
|
Term
| Kartagener syndrome: signs? associated with what abnl? |
|
Definition
signs - situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, otitis media, airway disease.
assoc with primary ciliary dyskinesia |
|
|
Term
| congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation: what is it? when found? tx? |
|
Definition
improper development of bronchioles
usually found on US at 20th wk gestation
tx: surgical excision |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| topical estrogen cream for a week |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
def - in btwn pyelonephritis and renal abcess
tx - prolonged po or IV abx |
|
|
Term
| bartter syndrome: what seen met? clnical? tx? |
|
Definition
hypokalemia, hypercalciuria, alkalosis, hyperaldosteronism, hyperreninemia. BP nl.
Clinical - falure to thrive at 6-12 mo with constipaton, weakness, vomiting, polyuria, polydypsia
tx - prevent dehydration, nutritional support, get K nl |
|
|
Term
| niemann pick: what missing, what happens? |
|
Definition
missing - sphingomyelinase
path - nl at brth and then hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, psychomotor retardation in 6 mo and then regresion |
|
|
Term
| Gaucher disease: what missing, what happens? |
|
Definition
missing Beta glucosidase
happens - presents in infancy with increased tone, strabismus, organomegaly, failure to thrive, stridor, several years of psychomotor regression before death |
|
|
Term
| Krabbe Disease- what missing, what happens? |
|
Definition
galactocerebroside Beta galactosidase
presents in infancy with irritabilty, seizures, hypertonia, optic atrophy, severe delay and death within 3 years |
|
|
Term
| Fabry disease - what missing, what happens |
|
Definition
Beta galactosidase
presents in childhood with angiokeratomas in "bathing suit region" leading to severe pain episodes |
|
|
Term
| tay sachs - what missing, what happens |
|
Definition
beta hexosaminidase
progressive developmental deterioration. Macular cherry red spots and sensitivity to noise |
|
|
Term
| features of myotonic muscular dystrophy? |
|
Definition
| elevated CK, ptosis, baldness, hypogonadism, facial immobility, distal muscle wasting, resp distress, cataracts |
|
|
Term
| location of brain tumors supratentorial/subtentorial by age: 0-1,1-10,10and up |
|
Definition
0-1:supra
1-10:sub
10 and up:supra |
|
|
Term
| werdnigg hoffman disease: cause? signs? tx? |
|
Definition
cause - continued apoptosis of motor neurons in utero
signs - decreased movment, shallow resp, tongue fasciculations, DTRs absent
tx - nothng. Die within a few years. |
|
|
Term
| what usually causes death in Reye Syndrome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is Ekiri Syndrome?dx? |
|
Definition
caused by shigella. seizures and fever precede diarrhea. Resolves in 1-2wks.
dx: clinical and stoll culture
tx: abx |
|
|
Term
| infant who appears otherwise normal, with sudden onset high fever, and high WBC with left shift? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
dacryocysttis - def?
chalazion - def? |
|
Definition
inf of nasolacrimal sac. tx: benign self correcting, if not then surgery
chalazion - firm nontender nodule results from chronic granulomatous inf if meibomian gland |
|
|
Term
| when does meningitis occur with mumps? |
|
Definition
| at same tme of parotitis or up to 10 days later |
|
|
Term
| wiskott aldrich syndrome - def, signs, common first problem, what cancer prone to later on, tx? |
|
Definition
WA def - XLR combined immunodef (B and T)
signs - thrombocytopenia, eczema, infection
prone to lymphona and acute lymphoblastic leukemia
tx - splenectomy, IVIG, abx, bone marrow transplant
1st seen - dont stop bleeding with circumcison |
|
|
Term
| DiGeorge - where is prob? signs? |
|
Definition
prob - break on long arm 22
signs - CATCH Cardiac, Abnl faces, Thymic hypoplasia, Cleft palate, Hypocalcemia |
|
|
Term
| step on a nail wearng snekars, what org? barefoot? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Retinoblastoma: what age is diagnosis made? what is cure rate? unilat or bilat? if inherited, what is inc risk? |
|
Definition
age - 1-2 years old when diagnosed
rate cure - 90% if caught early
unilat
inc risk of osteosarcoma and malignant melanoma |
|
|
Term
| VWD - if type I, what is tx? if more severe? |
|
Definition
85% are type I (least severe) treat bleeding with DDAVP which will inc vwf quickly
if more severe, treat with vwf or vwf and factor 8 |
|
|
Term
| Hodgkin disease: when seen? signs? dx? |
|
Definition
seen in late adolescence and young adults
signs - fever, night sweats, malaise, weight loss, pruritus
dx - CXR, look for mediastinal mass. Then biopsy a node |
|
|
Term
| what is culture medium for H ducreyi? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does newborn exposed to cocaine look/act like? |
|
Definition
| small fo rgestatonal age, high pitched cry, irritable and inconsolable in withdrawal period, excessive suck, tremors, apnea, tachypnea |
|
|
Term
| most common complicatons of mumps in prepubertal/postpubertal males? |
|
Definition
prepubertal - meningoencephalomyelitis
postpubertal - orchitis |
|
|
Term
| If suspect shaken baby syndrome, what study should be ordered first? |
|
Definition
coags
also ct, skeletal survey, chems, cbc |
|
|
Term
| what antibodies elevated in UC? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what to do if child has minor trauma and hematuria is found? |
|
Definition
| US to look for congenital anomaly |
|
|
Term
| what disease must be screened for if child diagnosed with DMI? how to test for it? |
|
Definition
celiac sprue
Serum IgA and tissue transglutaminase IgAntibody, if positive do a duodenal biopsy |
|
|
Term
| Pregnant mom has flulke illness with Headache, malaise, F,N,V, and aches. then amniotic flud is murky brown- what disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what diagnostic test differentiates btwn Wilms tumor and Neuroblastoma? |
|
Definition
MIBG - iodine-131-meta-iodobenzylguanidine scan.
Increased uptake in Neuroblastoma. No inc uptake in Wilms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Coloboma, Heart Defect, Atresia (Choanal), Retardation, Genitourinary, Ear anomalies
Vertebral, Anal atresia, cardiac, tracheo esophageal fistula, Renal anomalies, Limb defects |
|
|
Term
| what treatment for someone with rheumatic fever? |
|
Definition
penicillin and aspirin
penicillin - inf, ASA - arthralgias |
|
|
Term
| treatment of hypernatremia - fluids? time? |
|
Definition
for ever 3meq of sodium over 140, add 1L D5W.
give half free water deficit in 24hrs and other half in second 24 hours |
|
|
Term
| cystinuria - what shape stones? what color on xray? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is diff btwn croup and epiglottitis: onset? stridor? cough? fever? secretions? |
|
Definition
Croup - few days onset, stridor when upset, voice sound is harsh, barking cough, no fever, can swallow secretons
epiglottitis - sudden onset, cont stridor, soft stridor with muffled voice, cough not prominent, toxic and feveish, droolng |
|
|
Term
| most common bacteria that leads to abscess with meningitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is initial step in diaphrgmatic hernia? next step? |
|
Definition
NG tube to decompress intestine and immediate intubation.
Low pressure O2 to minimize lung injury |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1- always place in radiant warmer
2- dry and stimulate
3 - open airway and provide positive pressure ox with bag mask
Exception - if depressed with thick meconium, BEFORE DRY AND STIMULATE: Intubate, meconium is suctioned to avoid aspiration with first cry |
|
|
Term
| what is abx for CF penumonia? |
|
Definition
| IV tobramycin and ceftazadime |
|
|
Term
| What is most feared complication of JRA? how to test for it? what tx? |
|
Definition
| Iridocyclitis (uveitis), slit lamp exam, tx wth corticosteroids |
|
|
Term
| what is mgmt of acute CHF n infant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tx for lyme disese younger than 8? older than 8? when can you treat without serologic testing? |
|
Definition
younger than 8 - amoxicillin
>8 - doxycyclin
can tx if you see the rash. If not, must do ELISA and then western blot |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Valproate exposure:
facial: narrow bifrontal dameter, high forehead, epicanthial folds, broad low nasal bridge, midfacial hypoplasia, long philtrum, small mouth
Inc risk CV abnl
Inc risk cleft lip and menigomyelocele |
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Term
| Lithium exposure in utero can lead to? |
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Definition
| congenital heart defects (ebstein's), no facial or spinal |
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Term
| most common cardiac abnl of children of diabetic moms? what lung abnl? |
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Definition
assymetric septal hypertrophy. Hypertrophy on L side leading to systemc hypovasc
lungs - surfactant def. and high incidence retained fluid |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| at 6 mo, what reflexes present: Moro, tonic neck, palmar grasp, rooting, parachute? |
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Definition
Moro and tonic neck present
Parachute comes in at 7-11 mo |
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Term
| What are the jaundices of newborns and tx? |
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Definition
Physiologic - after 1 day goes to 3-5 days. No tx.
Breast milk - in starts in 2nd week of life. discont breast milk for 48 hrs and resume afterwards. |
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Term
| what do you measure if GH deficienicy expected? |
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Definition
| IGF - should be low to confirm |
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Term
| tx of acute otitis media? younger than 5? older than 5? severe? mild? |
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Definition
younger than 5 and sever inf: high dose oral amoxicillin, if works, cont for 10 days
older than 5 or not severe: 5-7 days |
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Term
| WAGR syndrome - where is chromosomal abnl? what is it? |
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Definition
deletion of chromosome 11
Wilms tumor, Aniridia, GU abnl, Retardation
present with HTN and and mass in child |
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Term
| Lead tx <45? 45-70? Lead level greater than 70 w/ and w/o encephalopathy tx? |
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Definition
<45 - get level and repeat in future
45-70 - lead level and single dose succimer, repeat level 1 mo
> 70 w/o encephalopathy - EDTA + DMSA or BAL(dimercaprol)
>70 EDTA + BAL (dimercaprol) |
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Term
| What orgs are you susceptible to after splenectomy? |
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Definition
| Strep pneumo. HiB, Neisseria meningiditis (leads to meningitis or sepsis, not penumonia) |
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Term
| mother in labor given meperidine - when and why intubate? what drug to counteract meperidine? |
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Definition
if child delivered w/in 2-3 hrs of administrtion, may have resp depression
counteract with naloxone, but must first intubate |
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Term
| 4 findings of HSP: is there thrombocytopenia? |
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Definition
no thrombocytopenia
palpable purpura, arthralgia, abdominal pain, hematuria |
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Term
| tx tinea capitis? tx tinea corporis? |
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Definition
capitis: oral griseofulvin 8-12 wks
corporis: topical clotrimazole |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| tx of apena of prematurity? |
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Definition
| caffeine and theophylline |
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Term
| most common cause of pneumonia in children after 5yo? tx? tx after 8? |
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Definition
MYCoplasma Pneumoniae
tx: erythroMYCin, azithroMYCin, clarithroMYCin. tetracyclin after 8 yo |
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