Term
| Functional abdominal pain |
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Definition
| Occurs daily or nearly every day, is not associated with or relieved by eating or defecation. These children typically have personality traits that include a tendency toward anxiety and perfectionism. |
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Term
| Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) |
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Definition
| Pain beginning with a change in stool frequency or consistency, a stool pattern fluctuating between diarrhea and constipation, and relief of pain with defecation. |
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Term
| If antacids consistently relieve pain, what diagnostic test should be ordered? |
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Definition
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Term
| If a child is losing weight, what diagnostic tests should be ordered? |
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Definition
| A barium upper GI series with a small bowel follow-through or contrast CT is a good idea to look for evidence of CD. Celiac disease also should be considered. |
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Term
| _______ are useful to manage symptoms of IBS? |
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Definition
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Term
| What condition is characterized by marked hunger, vomiting forcefully immediately after feedings, an accelerating pattern of vomiting, and a visibly distended stomach in an otherwise flat abdomen, often with visible peristaltic waves? |
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Definition
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Term
| Bacterial enteritis should be suspected as a the cause for diarrhea when there is? |
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Definition
| dysentery (bloody, mucous stools with fever) and whenever severe symptoms are present. |
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Term
| malabsorption of ingested substances, which pull water into the bowel lumen |
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Definition
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Term
| The most common cause of loose stools in early childhood is chronic nonspecific diarrhea, commonly known as? |
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Definition
| Toddler's diarrhea. This condition is defined by frequent watery stools in the setting of normal growth and weight gain and is caused by excessive intake of fruit juices that contain non-digestible carbohydrates. |
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Term
| Infants may experience symptoms of straining for prolonged periods and crying, followed by passage of soft stool. This pattern of difficult defecation is called? |
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Definition
| Infantile dyschezia, and is present only in the first 3 months of life |
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Term
| This condition is characterized by delayed meconium passage in newborns, abdominal distention, vomiting, occasional fever, and foul-smelling stools. |
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Definition
| Hirschsprung disease. Only about 6% of infants with Hirschsprung disease pass meconium in the first 24 hours of life compared with 95% of normal infants. |
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Term
| Hirschsprung disease is characterized by neonatal-onset constipation and can be diagnosed by? |
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Definition
| Barium enema, which shows a narrowed, aganglionic distal bowel and dilated proximal bowel. A deep rectal biopsy is required for diagnosis. |
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Term
| What would be the probable dx of a newborn with blood-streaked stools and eosinophils in feces & rectal mucosa? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the probable dx for an older child with massive, bright red bleeding from the rectum, with NO pain? |
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Definition
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Term
| The permanent teeth begin to replace the deciduous teeth in children at around what age? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the tx for GER (Gastroesophageal reflux)? |
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Definition
| No tx is necessary in healthy young infants. However, if there are complications from GER (esophagitis, respiratory symptoms, or failure to thrive) hten a PPI should be offered. |
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Term
| What is the most probable dx in an infant with a hx of polyhydramnios, and is exhibiting drooling, and has mucus and saliva bubbling from the nose and mouth? |
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Definition
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Term
| Barium upper GI series should not be used to dx _______ b/c of the extreme risk of aspiration? |
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Definition
| Tracheoesophageal fistula; Air is used commonly instead. |
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Term
| In a young child with suspected esophageal foreign body, what dx test should be used? |
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Definition
| Plain chest and abdominal radiographs |
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Term
| _______ occurs when certain medications (tetracyclines and NSAIDS) are swallowed w/o sufficient liquids? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most probable dx: An infant with a ravenous appetite, but is becoming more and more lethargic. Their stomach is massively enlarged and gastric peristaltic waves are visible in LUQ? |
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Definition
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Term
| The classis lab finding of this dx is a hypochloremic hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ is characterized by retrosternal and epigastric burning pain? |
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Definition
| Esophagitis; It is best dx by endoscopy |
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Term
| A child has pain that keeps getting aggravated by eating, and he is losing weight. He finds some relief when he uses antacids. What is the most likely dx? |
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Definition
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Term
| A very sick infant presents to the ED with abdominal pain and tenderness, and the infant has bloody emesis and stools. The infant has a decreasing platelet count. What is the most likely dx? |
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Definition
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Term
| An infant with a hx of polyhydramnios and bilious vomiting along with abdominal distention can indicate what? |
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Definition
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Term
| ________ appears as a double-bubble sign (gas in the stomach and enlarged proximal duodenum), with no gas distally? |
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Definition
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Term
| ________ is an abdominal wall defect not involving the umbilicus, through which intestinal contents have herniated. The bowel is not covered by peritoneum or amniotic membrane. |
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Definition
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Term
| ________ is an abdominal wall defect at the umbilicus caused by failure of the intestine to return to the abdomen during fetal life. The bowel remains within the umbilical cord and is covered by peritoneum and amniotic membranes. |
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Definition
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Term
| _______is a remnant of the fetal omphalomesenteric duct and is an outpouching of the distal ileum? |
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Definition
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Term
| A child has loss of appetite, crampy postprandial pain, poor growth, delayed puberty, anemia, and lethargy. What is the most likely dx? |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ disease is an injury to the mucosa of the small intestine caused by the ingestion of gluten? |
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Definition
| Celiac disease, or celiac sprue |
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Term
| What is the most likely dx? An infant has sudden onset of crampy abdominal pain; the infant's knees draw up, and the infant cries out and exhibits pallor with a colicky pattern occurring every 15 to 20 minutes. Feedings are refused. The infant has "currant jelly" stools. A sausage-shaped mass is palpable in the right upper quadrant or epigastrium. |
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Definition
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Term
| A child presents to the ED with abdominal pain localized to the perumbilical region. He has Nausea and vomiting, and tenderness in the RLQ. What is the most likely dx? |
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Definition
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Term
| An ill-appearing infant has an enlarged liver and jaundice. What is the most probable dx? |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ disease is characterized by abnormal storage of copper in the liver, leading to hepatocellular injury, CNS dysfunction, and hemolytic anemia. |
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Definition
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Term
| Primary sclerosing cholangitis + autoimmune hepatitis is called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Children with marked obesity, with or without type 2 diabetes, who have elevated liver enzymes and no other identifiable liver disease, are likely to have what condition? |
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Definition
| Steatohepatitis, also known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease |
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Term
| A child presents with fever, marked abdominal tenderness, and pronounced rebound tenderness. The child moves very little due to the intense pain. What is a likely dx? |
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Definition
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