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Pediatrics - part 4
From Nicole's notes
139
Nursing
Professional
11/02/2010

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Term
The "bug" that causes mononucleosis is
Definition
the Epstein-Barr virus.
Term
Mononucleosis primarily infects the
Definition
salivary glands.
Term
Mononucleosis is transmitted by
Definition
droplets in saliva, coughs and sneezes, and direct contact with mucous membranes (mouth-to-mouth).
Term
The "bug" that causes lyme disease is the
Definition
deer-tick.
Term
A client with lyme disease is likely to have a history of
Definition
camping.
Term
The hallmark sign of lyme disease is
Definition
a rash that appears on the thighs, groin, trunk, armpits and face.
Term
Symptoms of lyme disease may appear after infection a period of
Definition
3 to 31 days.
Term
Signs of lyme disease that may develop months or even years after infection include
Definition
pain, loss of muscle function, or psychiatric disturbances.
Term
Inflammation of brain tissue and occasionally the mininges is known as
Definition
encephalitis.
Term
When removing deer-ticks, you should be careful
Definition
not to crush the body of the tick.
Term
The common sites for acne incude the
Definition
face, back, chest, and upper arms.
Term
factors that affect acne breakouts include
Definition
hormonal changes, emotional stress, and oversecretion of sebum.
Term
It is a myth that the development or progression of acne is controlled in large part by
Definition
diet.
Term
Common topical prescriptions for acne treatment include
Definition
tetracycline cream and Retin A.
Term
Side effects of tetracycline (Minocen) include
Definition
diarrhea, discolored mouth gum lip or teeth, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting.
Term
The surgical method of smoothing skin and reducing risk of scarring after acne has been resolved is called
Definition
dermabrasion.
Term
Impetigo contageosa is a skin disorder caused by
Definition
staphylococci and/or streptococci.
Term
The hallmark sign of impetigo is
Definition
a honey-colored crust usually on the face and hands.
Term
Impetigo crusts should be removed with
Definition
soap and water.
Term
Athlete's foot is the layman's term for
Definition
tinea pedis.
Term
An exaggerated curvature of the lumbar spine as the pelvis tilts forward is called
Definition
lordosis.
Term
Lordosis is an exaggerated curvature of the lumbar spine in which the pelivis
Definition
tilts forward.
Term
An abnormal curvature of the thoracic spine that results in a hunchback appearance is called
Definition
kyphosis.
Term
Kyphosis results in an abnormal curvature of the spine commonly called
Definition
hunchback.
Term
kyphosis is an abnormal curvature of the
Definition
thoracic spine.
Term
Lordosis is an exaggerated curvature of the
Definition
lumbar spine.
Term
If the cause of a postural defect is functional in nature, effective treatment could include
Definition
counseling.
Term
Deformities, contracture and impaired movement may be caused by a generalized systemic disease of the entire musculoskeletal system known as
Definition
juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
Term
Lyme disease has often been called
Definition
"the great imitator."
Term
The disease that is often called "the great imitator" is
Definition
lyme disease.
Term
Symptoms of JRA include
Definition
painful joint movement, subcutaneous nodules, and malformation or uneven maturation of bones.
Term
The common treatment for JRA is
Definition
NSAIDs.
Term
Common NSAIDs include
Definition
- Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin and Nuprin)
- Naproxen (Aleve and Naprosyn)
- COX-2 inhibitors (Celebrex).
Term
Nursing care for JRA during its acute phase includes
Definition
exercising the limbs, providing assistance with ADL's and heating the affected joints with baths, packs, and whirlpools.
Term
If the hip joint lacks adequate blood supply, it could develop a condition known as
Definition
Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease.
Term
The pathology of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease is
Definition
a lack of blood supply to the hip joint.
Term
The goal for treatment for Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease is
Definition
to maintain the head of the femur in the acetabulum.
Term
The most common problem in treating Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease is
Definition
keeping a child on extended bedrest.
Term
A bone tumor affecting the diaphysis of long bones, usually in young men ages 10-30, is called
Definition
osteogenic sarcoma.
Term
Ewing's sarcoma typically affects
Definition
long bones and flat bones.
Term
The most common form of diabetes to affect children is
Definition
type 1 - IDDM.
Term
IDDM is treated and managed through
Definition
insulin therapy, exercise, and a proper meal plan.
Term
The age group that is best described as a period of adjustment is
Definition
adolescence.
Term
The most common response to treatment exhibited by adolescents is
Definition
rebellion.
Term
In order to make proper adjustments and maintain good psychological and emotional health, adolescents most need
Definition
understanding and support.
Term
The disease characterized by slowly progressive, bilateral retinal degeneration that often causes blindness is
Definition
retinitis pigmentosa.
Term
Early signs of retinitis pigmentosa include
Definition
night blindness and myopia.
Term
myopia is
Definition
near-sightedness.
Term
RP, while primarily affecting eyesight, may also be associated with
Definition
hearing disorders.
Term
Crohn's disease affects the
Definition
ileum.
Term
Crohn's disease causes
Definition
malnutration due to malabsorption.
Term
Inflammationof the colon and rectum is called
Definition
ulcerative colitis.
Term
Signs of ulcerative colitis include
Definition
severe diarrhea, anorexia leading to weight loss, and growth delays.
Term
Painful ovulation is known as
Definition
Mittelschmerz.
Term
Mittelschmerz is
Definition
pain experienced during ovulation.
Term
painful menstruation is known as
Definition
dysmenorrhea.
Term
dysmenorrhea is
Definition
pain experience during menstruation.
Term
The common medicinal treatment for menstrual difficulties includes
Definition
NSAIDs.
Term
STDs left untreated can lead to
Definition
infertility and sterility.
Term
Sleepwalking is called
Definition
somnambulism.
Term
Somnambulism is
Definition
sleepwalking.
Term
Sleep talking is
Definition
somniloquism.
Term
Somniloquism is
Definition
sleep talking.
Term
The condition in which a person has a distorted body image, leading to an unhealthy obsession with weight loss/control is known as
Definition
anorexia nervosa.
Term
The condition in which a person frequently binges on food, then purges by vomiting or use of laxatives, is known as
Definition
bulimia nervosa.
Term
Anorexia nervosa could be "simply" described as
Definition
intentional starvation.
Term
Bulimia nervosa could be "simply" described as
Definition
binging and purging.
Term
The calories consumed by the average school-aged child should come from a fat content of
Definition
at least 30%.
Term
Caloric intake from saturated fats by a school-aged child should
Definition
not exceed 10%.
Term
To help prevent heart disease, cholesterol intake by the school-aged child should
Definition
not exceed 300 mg.
Term
Nutrition education for school-aged children should focus on
Definition
getting a nutritious breakfast.
Term
When introducing new foods at the table, parents should offer them
Definition
one at a time, in small servings.
Term
Dietary concerns for adolescents should focus on
Definition
increased protein and calcium intake.
Term
The condition characterized by café au lait spots and benign skin tumors is known as
Definition
neurofibromatosis.
Term
The inborn error of metabolism that primarily affects children of Ashkenazi Jewish decent is
Definition
tay-Sachs disease.
Term
Alpha fetaprotein (AFP) is
Definition
a test used to detect neural tube defects.
Term
Symptoms of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder include
Definition
- small size for gestational age
- microcephaly
- extreme irritability
- eye and ear defects
- fine motor skill impairment
- poor coordination
- short attention span and
- mental retardation.
Term
The long-term outcome of fetuses exposed to maternal narcotic use is
Definition
not completely known.
Term
Signs of neonatal abstinence syndrome include
Definition
- withdrawal symptoms after birth
- irritability
- tremors
- hyperactive moro reflex
- poor feeding
- cognitive impairment
- behavioral disorders
- learning disabilities and
- attention deficits.
Term
Nursing care for the child with neonatal abstinence syndrom should include
Definition
supportive care with gentle but minimal handling.
Term
Pregnant women who are HIV positive who wish to protect their newborns from contracting the disease should take
Definition
AZT (retrovir), an antiviral.
Term
IQ tests, while good predictors of academic achievement, are highly criticized for
Definition
their inability to indicate other types of intelligence.
Term
The child who is diagnosed as borderline mentally retarded will
Definition
be able to function independently with only some assistance.
Term
The child who is diagnosed with mild mental retardation will
Definition
usualy qualify for full-time special education.
Term
The reading level of a child with mild mental retardation will likely
Definition
peak at the 5th to 6th grade level.
Term
The child diagnosed with moderate mental retardation will
Definition
be unable to function independently.
Term
The reading level of a child diagnosed with moderate mental retardation will
Definition
likely peak at the 3-7-year-old equivalent.
Term
The genetic intellectual impairment also known as trisomy 21 is commonly known as
Definition
Down syndrome.
Term
Signs of Down syndrome include
Definition
- small head
- flat, upward-turned nose
- outward slanting eyes
- simean line on the hands and
- short stubby feet with a wide space between the great toe and the other toes.
Term
The genetic, sex-linked abnormality of the X-chromosome is called
Definition
fragile-x syndrome.
Term
Signs of fragile-x syndrome include
Definition
- large head and chin and a long face
- wide-set eyes and large protruding ears
- broad nose
- high palate
- big hands and
- large testicles.
Term
The child with fragile-x factor will benefit from
Definition
speach and occupational therapy, as well as special education assistance.
Term
The learning disorder that involves difficulty decoding words and letters is called
Definition
dyslexia.
Term
A major heart problem often associated with fragile-x syndrome is
Definition
mitral valve prolapse.
Term
Signs of ADHD include
Definition
- very short attention span
- impulsivity
- hyperactivity (this may or may not be present).
Term
Diagnostic criteria for ADHD indicate that the behaviors must persist for at least
Definition
6 months.
Term
The drugs most commonly used to treat ADHD are
Definition
Ritalin and Cylert.
Term
Nursing considerations for the ADHD client should include
Definition
minimizing environmental stimuli, providing consisten discipline, setting clear limits, and focusing on positive behaviors.
Term
The classic sign of Tourette's syndrome is
Definition
tics.
Term
Coprolalia is
Definition
the uncontrollable utterance of obscenities.
Term
Echolalia is
Definition
the constant repitition of words heard from others.
Term
Uncontrollable utterance of obscenities is called
Definition
coprolalia.
Term
Repeating other people's words is called
Definition
echolalia.
Term
Drugs used to treat Tourette's include
Definition
clonadine (catapres) and antihypertensives.
Term
A syndrome of lifelong complex developmental disorders characterized by deficits in intellectual, social and communication skills is called
Definition
autism.
Term
Signs of autism include
Definition
- lack of social interaction
- failure to respond to verbal stimuli
- aversion to touch or close contact
- repetitive or ritualistic behaviors and
- echolalia and/or coprolalia.
Term
Nursing considerations for the autistic child should emphasize
Definition
giving short and simple commands, and praise for positive behaviors.
Term
Lead poisoning is also known as
Definition
plumbism.
Term
Plumbism is commonly known as
Definition
lead poisoning.
Term
The early signs of plumbism include
Definition
- lead encephalopathy
- behavioral changes
- decreased intellectual and mental abilities
- impaired LOC and
- hyperirritability.
Term
The medication commonly used to treat lead poisoning because of its ability to bind to lead cells for passage through urine is
Definition
EDTA.
Term
Drug treatment of plumbism is called
Definition
chelation.
Term
The commonly used chelation drug that is given IM is
Definition
dimercaprol.
Term
The commonly used chelation drug that is given IV is
Definition
EDTA.
Term
Brain damage that results in impaired mobility and coordination is called
Definition
cerebral palsy.
Term
Signs of cerebral palsy include
Definition
- increased stretch reflex
- difficulty sucking or feeding
- speech abnormalities
- scissor-like gait
- toe-walking and
- learning disabilities.
Term
difficulty with speech is called
Definition
dysarthria.
Term
A classic sign of CP in the infant is
Definition
crossing of legs when lifted from behind.
Term
The major classifications of CP are
Definition
spastic, dyskinetic (athetoid), ataxic, and mixed.
Term
spastic cerebral palsy is characterized by
Definition
- increased muscle spasticity that may affect limbs
- stiff, awkward movement
Term
dyskinetic CP is characterized by
Definition
slow withering involuntary movements, grimacing, twisting, sharp jerks.
Term
Ataxic CP is characterized by
Definition
tremors causing difficulty in grasping, unsteady gait and lack of coordination.
Term
Combination CP is characterized by
Definition
spastic and athetoid movement.
Term
The common muscular disorder in children causing atrophy of symmetrical groups of skeletal muscles and muscle wasting is
Definition
Duchenne's muscular dystrophy.
Term
A positive Gower's sign is indicative of
Definition
Duchenne's muscular dystrophy.
Term
A child using upper extremity muscles to compensate for weaker hip muscles when arising is called
Definition
a positive Gower's sign.
Term
Signs of childhood depression include
Definition
- isolation and sadness
- withdrawal from friends and family
- fatigue
- decreased appetite
- drops in school grades
- low self esteem
- behavioral changes
- changing sleep patterns
Term
Signs of suicidal tendencies include
Definition
- ideation of suicide
- suicidal gestures
- inflicting personal injury
- sudden euphoria is a particular danger sign.
Term
The condition in which a child may lose contact with reality is called
Definition
childhood schizophrenia.
Term
Childhood schizophrenia may be caused by
Definition
a sudden severe emotional experience, or sometimes from an inability to adjust to the environment.
Term
Childhood schizophrenia usually sets in around age
Definition
5 to 6.
Term
Nursing considerations for childhood schizophrenia should include
Definition
supportive counseling for the family.
Term
Inhaling chemicals to produce a feeling of delirium or high is called
Definition
huffing.
Term
Signs of substance abuse may include
Definition
- extreme changes in dress
- sudden loss of interest in appearance
- unusual failure in school
- sudden need for large amounts of money
- theft or other criminal behavior
- change in friends.
Term
While receiving Retin A treatment for acne, the client must
Definition
monitor vitamin A intake and use birth control.
Term
Foods to limit while taking Retin A include
Definition
foods of animal origin, such as liver, eggs, milk fortified with vitamin A, fortified cereals and fish. Green leafy vegetables and orange vegetables and fruits supply vitamin A in the form of carotenoids.
Term
Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is called
Definition
scoliosis.
Term
Diagnostic tests for mononucleosis include
Definition
CBC and monocyte spot test.
Term
The leading cause for reduction of AIDS cases among children is
Definition
prenatal HIV/AIDS counseling, testing and AZT treatment.
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