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Pediatrics-Part 3
Basic chap 71-2nd half
211
Nursing
Professional
10/19/2010
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Term
A client with a BP of 110/85 in the arm and 70/40 in the leg most likely has
 Definition
coarctation of the aorta.
Term
Signs of coarctation of the aorta include
 Definition
BP higher in upper extremities than lower,
upper body pulses stronger than lower.
Term
clumping and occlusion of blood vessels causes a painful event called
 Definition
sickle cell crisis.
Term
The common diagnostic test for hemophilia is
 Definition
the PTT.
Term
The group of associated disorders characterized by malignancies in the bone marrow and lymphatic system are known as
 Definition
leukemias.
Term
Symptoms of leukemia include
 Definition
- fatigue
- joint aches
- headaches
- fever
- swollen lymph nodes
- unexplained weight loss
- bleeding gums/nose
- bruising
- slow healing.
Term
Treatment for lymphoblastic leukemia is
 Definition
long-term chemotherapy.
Term
Prevention of pneumonia is by
 Definition
pneumococcal vaccination (PVC-7)
Term
Nursing care for laryngotracheobronchitis (croup) would include
 Definition
clear liquids and semi-Fowler's position.
Term
A child who has trouble breathing, high fever, and is drooling, most likely has
 Definition
epiglottitis.
Term
When checking for patent airway on a client with epiglottitis, be sure you
 Definition
do NOT use a tongue blade.
Term
Medications commonly used for daily therapy for prevention of asthma atacks are
 Definition
Intal and Tilade.
Term
Status asthmaticus means
 Definition
asthma episode that is not relieved by medication.
Term
An asthma attack could lead to a fatal condition known as
 Definition
status asthmaticus.
Term
A multisystem chronic and incurable condition affecting the respiratory system is
 Definition
cystic fibrosis.
Term
A classic sign of cystic fibrosis is
 Definition
bile-stained emesis.
Term
Mucous-producing glands secrete abnormal quantities of thick mucus in the condition known as
 Definition
cystic fibrosis.
Term
Common test for cystic fibrosis is
 Definition
sweat chloride test.
Term
The first indication of cystic fibrosis is likely to be
 Definition
a hard, nonproductive cough.
Term
A client with a barrel chest, nonproductive cough, clubbing of the fingers, and signs of malnutrition may have
 Definition
cystic fibrosis.
Term
pancrease is best given
 Definition
with cold meals.
Term
The goals of cystic fibrosis treatment are to
 Definition
prevent secondary infection, promote nutrition, and maintain pulmonary function.
Term
Therapy for cystic fibrosis centers on
 Definition
chest PT before meals.
Term
Classic signs of pyloric stenosis include
 Definition
- projectile vomiting
- olive-shaped mass in the midline abdomen
Term
Surgical treatment for pyloric stenosis is
 Definition
pyloromyotomy.
Term
A congenital disorder in which a small portion of the child's ileum ends in a blind pouch just before its junction with the colon is called
 Definition
Meckel's diverticulum.
Term
Symptoms for meckel's diverticulum include
 Definition
the painless (unless inflamed) passage of bloody or tarry stools.
Term
Treatment for the client with diarrhea should include
 Definition
oral rehydration and the BRAT diet.
Term
the BRAT diet consists of
 Definition
ripe banana, rice cereal, applesauce, and toast.
Term
Treatment for severe diarrhea is
 Definition
IV fluids to replace water loss and to restore fluid and electrolyte balance.
Term
Telescoping of one bowel part into another is called
 Definition
intussusception.
Term
Cardinal symptoms of intussusception are
 Definition
abdominal pain and currant-jelly stool.
Term
Megacolon is also known as
 Definition
Hirschsprung's disease.
Term
Hirschsprung's disease is also known as
 Definition
megacolon.
Term
When a section of the colon lacks peristalsis, a condition results, known as
 Definition
megacolon or Hirschsprung's disease.
Term
Failure of the newborn to pass meconium in 24-48 hours may be a sign of
 Definition
Hirschsprung's disease (megacolon).
Term
Intractable constipation, bile-stained or fecal vomiting, distention and irritability are signs of
 Definition
Hirschsprung's disease (megacolon).
Term
Surgical treatment of megacolon often involves
 Definition
a temporary colostomy.
Term
The cardinal symptoms of glomerulonephritis are
 Definition
- smoky urine or hematuria
- albumin in urine.
Term
Nursing care for glomerulonephritis includes
 Definition
bed rest.
Term
a malignant adenosarcoma of the kidney is called
 Definition
Wilms' tumor (nephroblastoma).
Term
Treatment for Wilms' tumor depends on
 Definition
staging.
Term
What NOT to do with Wilms' tumor:
 Definition
never unnecessarily palpate the abdomen preoperatively.
Term
Introduction of solid foods is appropriate
 Definition
- when formula and/or breast milk (32 oz) is not enough
- at about 6 months
- extrusion reflex disappears
- weight since birth has doubled
Term
The first solid food introduced should be
 Definition
iron-fortified cereal.
Term
Congenital heart defects include
 Definition
Ventricular septal defect, Atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, and transposition of the great vessels.
Term
Signs and symptoms of sickle cell anemia include
 Definition
- chronic anemia
- splenomegaly
- lethargy
- weakness
- fever
- Thrombosis
Term
Causes of iron deficiency anemia include
 Definition
- iron-poor diet
- weaning too early
Term
Hemorrhage during treatment of leukemia is prevented by
 Definition
platelet therapy.
Term
The respiratory condition that is particularly life-threatening in children is
 Definition
epiglottitis.
Term
Cystic fibrosis treatment includes
 Definition
- inhalation therapy
- antibiotics
- chest PT.
Term
Treatment for Hirschprung's includes
 Definition
- small saline enemas
- stool softeners
- digital removal of fecal impaction
- colonic irrigation
- drugs acting on sympathetic/parasympathetic NS.
Term
Wilms' tumor is also known as
 Definition
nephroblastoma.
Term
The caloric intake requirement for infants during the first six months is
 Definition
110-120 calories per Kg weight.
Term
The caloric intake requirement for infants 6-12 months is
 Definition
95-100 calories per kg weight.
Term
Prevention of sickle cell crisis would include
 Definition
- avoid cold environments
- avoid high altitudes
- hydration
Term
Epiglottitis may lead to
 Definition
respiratory obstruction.
Term
Treatments for cystic fibrosis include
 Definition

- antibiotics - pancreatine - pancrelipase - pancreatic enzymes - high-calorie, high-protein, moderate fat diet - water-soluble forms of vitamins A,D,E,K - fluids

- Chest PT.
Term
Nursing care for nephrosis will be focused on
 Definition
- reducing edema
- preventing infection
- improving protein and albumin levels.
Term
Bronchodilators used for treatment of asthma include
 Definition
albuterol, metaproterenol (Alupent), or terbutaline (Brethaire).
Term
Mast-cell stabalizers used for asthma treatment include
 Definition
Intal and Tilade
Term
Treatment for hypothyroidism in an infant is importan for the prevention of
 Definition
cretinism.
Term
A client with glomerulonephritis needs the nurse to
 Definition
promote bed rest, restrict fluids, provide hi-calorie, low-sodium/protein/potassium diet, monitor for edema, HTN, kidney enlargement, BUN/CRE levels
Term
Cystic fibrosis diagnosis is based on
 Definition
family history.
Term
Signs and symptoms of croup include
 Definition
- harsh, barky cough
- inspiratory stridor
- hoarseness
- respiratory distress.
Term
Initial priority for sickle cell crisis treatment is
 Definition
management of pain.
Term
Cardiac defects that may cause a right-to-left shunt are called
 Definition
cyanotic defects.
Term
Cardiac defects that may cause a left-to-right shunt are called
 Definition
acyanotic defects.
Term
Venous blood is mixed with arterial blood within the heart and then circulated to the body. This is caused by a
 Definition
cyanotic defect.
Term
oxygenated blood is sent into the venous system through
 Definition
acyanotic defects.
Term
An infant with a significant heart defect show evidence of
 Definition
congestive heart failure and poor peripheral oxygen tissue perfusion.
Term
An infant with a heart defect may have these symptoms;
 Definition
cyanosis,
dyspnea,
persistent tachycardia,
heart murmurs,
failure to gain weight,
difficulty feeding,
listlessness,
general sickly appearance.
Term
An older child with CHF may need to facilitate breathing by
 Definition
squatting or sitting.
Term
Cyanosis in dark-skinned children my be best seen by
 Definition
duskiness in lips and nail beds.
Term
The most frequent congenital anomily of the circulatory system is
 Definition
ventricular septal defect (VSD)
Term
Ventricular septal defects are usually
 Definition
acyanotic.
Term
Ventricular septal defects usually cause a shunt from
 Definition
left to right.
Term
Atrial septal defects generally occur in the area of
 Definition
the foramen ovale.
Term
To promote closure of a patent ductus arteriosus, infants may be given
 Definition
indomethacin (Indocin).
Term
A common cause of pulmonary hypertension in infants is
 Definition
patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).
Term
A common complication of patent ductus arteriosus is
 Definition
pulmonary hypertension.
Term
A child with pulmonary stenosis, VSD, right ventriculary hypertrophy and an overriding aorta suffers from
 Definition
tetralogy of Fallot.
Term
Tetralogy of Fallot is the combination of what major defects?
 Definition
- pulmonary stenosis
- VSD
- overriding aorta
- Right ventricular hypertrophy.
Term
Pulmonary stenosis is the
 Definition
narrowing of the right ventricular outflow tract.
Term
A client with a BP of 110/85 in the arm and 70/40 in the leg most likely has
 Definition
coarctation of the aorta.
Term
Signs of coarctation of the aorta include
 Definition
BP higher in upper extremities than lower,
upper body pulses stronger than lower.
Term
The febrile, multisystem disorder with no apparent cause we need to know for no apparent reason is
 Definition
Kawasaki disease.
Term
Symptoms of Kawasaki disease include
 Definition
- prolonged fever
- red and infected eyes
- strawberry tongue
- edema of hands and feet
- peeling soles and palms.
Term
Diagnostic tests affected by Kawasaki disease include
 Definition
increased ESR, anema, and abnormal urinalysis.
Term
An infant that continues bottle feeding for too long runs the risk of
 Definition
anemia.
Term
Maternal iron stores are exhausted in a term infant by
 Definition
4 to 6 months of age.
Term
Liquid iron preparations should be
 Definition
well diluted with water or fruit juice and administered through a straw.
Term
to prevent staining of the teeth and to mask the taste, iron preps should be
 Definition
administered through a straw or placed on the back of the tongue with a dropper.
Term
An organ complication of sickle cell anemia is
 Definition
splenomegaly.
Term
clumping and occlusion of blood vessels causes a painful event called
 Definition
sickle cell crisis.
Term
Sicke cell crisis can eventually lead to tissue
 Definition
infarction.
Term
Treatment of sickle cell crisis includes
 Definition
analgesics, transfusions of RBCs, oxygen therapy, and hydration.
Term
Nursing care for sickle cell crisis includes
 Definition
the administration of pain medications, oxygen, and rest.
Term
The most common acquired bleeding disorder of childhood is
 Definition
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP).
Term
Symptoms of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura include
 Definition
easy bruising, petechiae on mucous membranes, frequent epistaxis, and bleeding into bladder or GI tract.
Term
Kid looks like he got beat up, but didn't, which means he probably has
 Definition
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura.
Term
Surgical intervention for Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura is
 Definition
spenectomy.
Term
Factor VIII and factor IX are factors that, when missing, cause
 Definition
hemophilia.
Term
The basic cause of hemophilia is
 Definition
missing factor VIII or factor IX.
Term
The common diagnostic test for hemophilia is
 Definition
the PTT.
Term
Hemophelia, while not effecting them, are carried by
 Definition
females.
Term
Hemophelia causes bleeding into the joints, which may eventually result in
 Definition
contractures.
Term
The group of associated disorders characterized by malignancies in the bone marrow and lymphatic system are known as
 Definition
leukemias.
Term
Symptoms of leukemia include
 Definition
- fatigue
- joint aches
- headaches
- fever
- swollen lymph nodes
- unexplained weight loss
- bleeding gums/nose
- bruising
- slow healing.
Term
The basic types of leukemias are
 Definition
- Acute lymphoid (ALL)
- chronic lymphoid (CLL)
- Acute myeloid (AML)
chronic myeloid (CML).
Term
Leukema appears to be associated with
 Definition
Down syndrome.
Term
ALL is also known as
 Definition
lymphoblastic leukemia.
Term
Treatment for lymphoblastic leukemia is
 Definition
long-term chemotherapy.
Term
Treatment of ALL in children has a remission success rate of
 Definition
90%.
Term
Treatment of ALL in children has a cure rate of
 Definition
80%.
Term
Goal of acute lymphoid leukemia treatment is
 Definition
remission.
Term
Chemotherapy for CLL and CML includes the use of
 Definition
antineoplastic drugs.
Term
The purpose of platelet therapy is to
 Definition
forestall death by hemorrhage until a chemotherapeutic cure is found.
Term
Nursing considerations for leukemia include
 Definition
monitor for hemorrhage and bruising,
monitor for infection.
Term
The greatest threat to the child during leukemia treatment by chemotherapy is
 Definition
bone marrow suppression.
Term
Symptoms of URI may include
 Definition
- fever
- dyspnea
- thick, tenacious sputum
- throat edema.
Term
If a child with a URI is not coughing, he may have trouble
 Definition
getting rid of secretions.
Term
Nursing for URI should include
 Definition
- fluids
- humidifiers
- rest.
Term
Prevention of pneumonia is by
 Definition
pneumococcal vaccination (PVC-7)
Term
Laryngotracheobronchitis (croup) is a viral infection of
 Definition
the upper airways.
Term
Treatment for LTB includes
 Definition
cool, humidified air and keeping the child calm.
Term
A child with croup should be placed in a
 Definition
mist-tent.
Term
Medicinal treatment for laryngotracheobronchitis (croup) would be from the class of
 Definition
expectorants and antipyretics.
Term
Nursing care for laryngotracheobronchitis (croup) would include
 Definition
clear liquids and semi-Fowler's position.
Term
A child who has trouble breathing, high fever, and is drooling, most likely has
 Definition
epiglottitis.
Term
When checking for patent airway on a client with epiglottitis, be sure you
 Definition
do NOT use a tongue blade.
Term
Asthma symptoms usually occur
 Definition
at night.
Term
A child with a persistent cough may have
 Definition
asthma.
Term
Medications commonly used for daily therapy for prevention of asthma atacks are
 Definition
Intal and Tilade.
Term
Process for using a peak flow meter are
 Definition
1.Stand up or sit up straight.
2.Make sure the indicator is at the bottom of the meter (zero).
3.Take a deep breath in, filling the lungs completely.
4.Place the mouthpiece in your mouth; lightly bite with your teeth and close your lips on it. Be sure your tongue is away from the mouthpiece.
5.Blast the air out as hard and as fast as possible in a single blow.
6.Remove the meter from your mouth.
7.Record the number that appears on the meter and then repeat steps one through seven two times.
8.Record the highest of the three readings in an asthma diary. This reading is your peak expiratory flow (PEF).
Term
Status asthmaticus means
 Definition
asthma episode that is not relieved by medication.
Term
An asthma attack could lead to a fatal condition known as
 Definition
status asthmaticus.
Term
Children with RSV are usually placed on
 Definition
contact isolation.
Term
It is believed that more than half of bronchiolitis cases are caused by
 Definition
RSV.
Term
A multisystem chronic and incurable condition affecting the respiratory system is
 Definition
cystic fibrosis.
Term
A classic sign of cystic fibrosis is
 Definition
bile-stained emesis.
Term
Mucous-producing glands secrete abnormal quantities of thick mucus in the condition known as
 Definition
cystic fibrosis.
Term
Common test for cystic fibrosis is
 Definition
sweat chloride test.
Term
The first indication of cystic fibrosis is likely to be
 Definition
a hard, nonproductive cough.
Term
A client with a barrel chest, nonproductive cough, clubbing of the fingers, and signs of malnutrition may have
 Definition
cystic fibrosis.
Term
pancrease is best given
 Definition
with cold meals.
Term
The goals of cystic fibrosis treatment are to
 Definition
prevent secondary infection, promote nutrition, and maintain pulmonary function.
Term
Therapy for cystic fibrosis centers on
 Definition
chest PT before meals.
Term
Classic signs of pyloric stenosis include
 Definition
- projectile vomiting
- olive-shaped mass in the midline abdomen
Term
Surgical treatment for pyloric stenosis is
 Definition
pyloromyotomy.
Term
A congenital disorder in which a small portion of the child's ileum ends in a blind pouch just before its junction with the colon is called
 Definition
Meckel's diverticulum.
Term
Symptoms for meckel's diverticulum include
 Definition
the painless (unless inflamed) passage of bloody or tarry stools.
Term
The protrusion of part of an organ through an abnormal opening is called
 Definition
a hernia.
Term
The biggest complication of a hernia is
 Definition
strangulation of the herniated portion of the intestine.
Term
The three common types of hernias are
 Definition
umbilical, direct inguinal, and indirect inguinal.
Term
Diarrhea is
 Definition
a sudden increase in frequency of loose and watery stools.
Term
Treatment for the client with diarrhea should include
 Definition
oral rehydration and the BRAT diet.
Term
the BRAT diet consists of
 Definition
ripe banana, rice cereal, applesauce, and toast.
Term
In severe diarrhea, stools are
 Definition
frequent and forceful, and are green or yellow liquid.
Term
Treatment for severe diarrhea is
 Definition
IV fluids to replace water loss and to restore fluid and electrolyte balance.
Term
Sunken fontanels on an 18-month-old may be a sign of
 Definition
dehydration.
Term
Monitoring I&O on an infant includes
 Definition
diaper weights before and after.
Term
How is lactose intolerance acquired? It is
 Definition
inherited.
Term
Symptoms of lactose intolerance include
 Definition
- diarrhea
- abdominal pain
- vomiting
- listlessness
- Failure To Thrive.
Term
An excellent source of calcium for the lactose intolerant child is
 Definition
yogurt.
Term
Telescoping of one bowel part into another is called
 Definition
intussusception.
Term
Cardinal symptoms of intussusception are
 Definition
abdominal pain and currant-jelly stool.
Term
Megacolon is also known as
 Definition
Hirschsprung's disease.
Term
Hirschsprung's disease is also known as
 Definition
megacolon.
Term
When a section of the colon lacks peristalsis, a condition results, known as
 Definition
megacolon or Hirschsprung's disease.
Term
Failure of the newborn to pass meconium in 24-48 hours may be a sign of
 Definition
Hirschsprung's disease (megacolon).
Term
Intractable constipation, bile-stained or fecal vomiting, distention and irritability are signs of
 Definition
Hirschsprung's disease (megacolon).
Term
Surgical treatment of megacolon often involves
 Definition
a temporary colostomy.
Term
The cardinal symptoms of glomerulonephritis are
 Definition
- smoky urine or hematuria
- albumin in urine.
Term
Nursing care for glomerulonephritis includes
 Definition
bed rest.
Term
Nursing diagnoses for nephroic syndrome may include
 Definition
- protection from infection
- maintain skin integrity
Term
a malignant adenosarcoma of the kidney is called
 Definition
Wilms' tumor (nephroblastoma).
Term
Wilms' tumor is most common in children aged
 Definition
3-4 years old.
Term
At stage 1 of Wilms' tumor, the tumor
 Definition
is well encapsulated and is limited to the kidney. It is totally removed by surgery.
Term
At stage 2 of Wilms' tumor,
 Definition
The tumor extends into the abdominal cavity. Often it can be totally removed.
Term
At stage 3 of Wilms' tumor,
 Definition
The tumor extends into the abdominal cavity to such an extent that it cannot be removed entirely.
Term
At stage 4 of Wilms' tumor,
 Definition
The tumor has metastasized to distant sites (eg, lungs, liver, bone, brain).
Term
At stage 5 of Wilms' tumor,
 Definition
Bilateral kidney metastasis exists.
Term
Treatment for Wilms' tumor depends on
 Definition
staging.
Term
What NOT to do with Wilms' tumor:
 Definition
never unnecessarily palpate the abdomen preoperatively.
Term
Hypospadias is
 Definition
urinary meatus is on the bottom of the penis.
Term
Epispadias is
 Definition
urinary meatus is on top of the penis.
Term
Introduction of solid foods is appropriate
 Definition
- when formula and/or breast milk (32 oz) is not enough
- at about 6 months
- extrusion reflex disappears
- weight since birth has doubled
Term
Introduction of new solid foods should occur
 Definition
every 5-7 days.
Term
The first solid food introduced should be
 Definition
iron-fortified cereal.
Term
Congenital heart defects include
 Definition
Ventricular septal defect, Atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, and transposition of the great vessels.
Term
Signs and symptoms of sickle cell anemia include
 Definition
- chronic anemia
- splenomegaly
- lethargy
- weakness
- fever
- Thrombosis
Term
Causes of iron deficiency anemia include
 Definition
- iron-poor diet
- weaning too early
Term
Hemorrhage during treatment of leukemia is prevented by
 Definition
platelet therapy.
Term
The respiratory condition that is particularly life-threatening in children is
 Definition
asthma.
Term
Cystic fibrosis treatment includes
 Definition
- inhalation therapy
- antibiotics
- chest PT.
Term
Treatment for Hirschprung's includes
 Definition
- small saline enemas
- stool softeners
- digital removal of fecal impaction
- colonic irrigation
- drugs acting on sympathetic/parasympathetic NS.
Term
Wilms' tumor is also known as
 Definition
nephroblastoma.
Term
The caloric intake requirement for infants during the first six months is
 Definition
110-120 calories per Kg weight.
Term
The caloric intake requirement for infants 6-12 months is
 Definition
95-100 calories per kg weight.
Term
Prevention of sickle cell crisis would include
 Definition
- avoid cold environments
- avoid high altitudes
- hydration
Term
Epiglottitis may lead to
 Definition
respiratory obstruction.
Term
Treatments for cystic fibrosis include
 Definition
- antibiotics
- pancreatine
- pancrelipase
- pancreatic enzymes
- high-calorie, high-protein, moderate fat diet
- water-soluble forms of vitamins A,D,E,K
- fluids
Chest PT.
Term
Nursing care for nephrosis will be focused on
 Definition
- reducing edema
- preventing infection
- improving protein and albumin levels.
Term
Bronchodilators used for treatment of asthma include
 Definition
albuterol, metaproterenol (Alupent), or terbutaline (Brethaire).
Term
Mast-cell stabalizers used for asthma treatment include
 Definition
Intal and Tilade
Term
Treatment for hypothyroidism in an infant is importan for the prevention of
 Definition
cretinism.
Term
A client with glomerulonephritis needs the nurse to
 Definition
promote bed rest, restrict fluids, provide hi-calorie, low-sodium/protein/potassium diet, monitor for edema, HTN, kidney enlargement, BUN/CRE levels
Term
Cystic fibrosis diagnosed is based on
 Definition
family history.
Term
Signs and symptoms of croup include
 Definition
- harsh, barky cough
- inspiratory stridor
- hoarseness
- respiratory distress.
Term
Initial priority for sickle cell crisis treatment is
 Definition
management of pain.
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