Term
|
Definition
| Infants born before 37 completed weeks of gestation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Infants born after 37 & before 42 wks of gestation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Infants born after 42 weeks completed gestation |
|
|
Term
| At what point does surfactant production start? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Small Gestational Age (SGA) |
|
Definition
Fullterm or preterm infant whose age adjusted wt is less than the 5-10th percentile
|
|
|
Term
| Appropriate Gestational Age (AGA) |
|
Definition
| wt within normal 10th - 90th percentile |
|
|
Term
Large Gestational Age (LGA)
What does this result from? |
|
Definition
Wt above 90th percentile at gestational age
result from organolmegally and increase in deposition of SQ fat 2ndry to increase in fetal insulin in response to high maternal glucose levels |
|
|
Term
| What problems occur with SGA? (5) |
|
Definition
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
Apnea
Hypoglycemia
Hypothermia (O2 consumption)
Congential Anomalies
|
|
|
Term
| What problems occur with AGA? (3) |
|
Definition
RDS
Hypoglycemia
Hyperbilirubinemia |
|
|
Term
| What problems occur with LGA? (3) |
|
Definition
Birth Trauma
Hyperbilirubinemia
Hypoglycemia |
|
|
Term
Organogenesis is ???
When are all organs FORMED BY? |
|
Definition
2-8 weeks of gestation -- It is the most important phase in development.
All baby's organs formed by end of 1st trimester. |
|
|
Term
| In the Second Trimester there is ____ ____ and _________ development of the organs |
|
Definition
| Rapid growth and functional development of the organs |
|
|
Term
| Third trimester = fetal growth, which includes? |
|
Definition
- Wt gain
- Subcutaneous tissue
- Development of muscle mass
- lung maturity
|
|
|
Term
| When do the alveoli form? |
|
Definition
Develop mainly after birth & increase in number and size until chest cavity stops growing (adolecence).
|
|
|
Term
| When does arterial smooth muscle form? |
|
Definition
arterial smooth muscle follows dev. of alveoli
not complete till adolescence |
|
|
Term
| What happens at the 24th week? |
|
Definition
Surface of the lung develops gas exchanging ability
Surfactant production in Type II pneumocytes
Surfactant increases in the amniotic fluid |
|
|
Term
What provides a clinical indicator of lung maturity?
What issue of preterm birth declines greatly after the 24th week of gestation. |
|
Definition
Surfactant in the amniotic fluid
Respiratory Distress Syndrome |
|
|
Term
| When do we start CPR on pedi? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the biggest cause of arrest in pedi? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
HR?
Preterm
Term
1 year old
3 year old
5 year old |
|
Definition
HR?
Preterm 120-180bpm
Term 100-180bpm
1 year old 100-140bpm
3 year old 85-115bpm
5 year old 80-100bpm
|
|
|
Term
The newborn myocardium is ____.This results in ____ SV.
Cardiac output is dependent on ___.
What effects do the following have:
atropine
epi
calcium chloride |
|
Definition
immature
decreased
HR (dependent on muscle itself; no Frank Starling Mechanism with these little guys)
atropine: increase HR
epi: increases contractility/HR
CaCl: increases contractility |
|
|
Term
What is the systemic blood pressure for:
Preterm
Term
1 year old
3 year old
5 year old |
|
Definition
BP?
Preterm 60-40/30
Term 70-55/40
1 year old 100-70/60
3 year old 110-75/70
5 year old 120-80/70
|
|
|
Term
90% of neonates void within?
100% of normal neonates void within? |
|
Definition
within 24hrs
within 48 hrs |
|
|
Term
T/F: The renal system is active in utero
What contributes a large amount to amniotic fluid vol?
GFR at birth... |
|
Definition
True
production of urine
15-30% normal adult function |
|
|
Term
GFR is 50% of normal adult function when?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When is GFR 100% of adult function |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does the ability to concentrate and dilute urine occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the clinical relevance of hepatic immaturity at birth? Why?
When does it improve?
When does it reach maturity? |
|
Definition
Inability to metabolize proteins and drugs
neonates have an immature phase I (cytochrome dependent) rxns--oxidation, reduction & hydrolysis not fully developed
Improves after first week
can take up to 3 full months to reach maturity |
|
|
Term
| Due to hepatic immaturity, which muscle relaxant should be used on a newborn? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the vitamin K factors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
At birth, how well does the infant clot?
Why?
What should be given to pt at birth?
|
|
Definition
Poorly, only 20-60% of adult values
Deficient in vit K and thus vit K clotting factors
Prophylactic Vitamin K needed (shot IM)
|
|
|
Term
| How is fetal hgb different from adult hemoglobin? |
|
Definition
Has a higher affinity for O2 than adult LEFT SHIFT
Facilitates O2 uptake as fetal blood circulates
Allows the fetus to exist in a relatively low PaO2 (30mmHg) environment as compared to adults |
|
|
Term
What does head circumference reflect?
Large head circumference suggests...
Small head circumference suggests what? What is the name for this? |
|
Definition
Reflects the growth of brain & intracranial vol
Hydrocephalus
Abnormal brain growth
(Craniosynostosis--cranium fuses faster than norm) |
|
|
Term
When does the anterior fontanelle close?
What does it indicate if the anterior fontanelle is sunken?
If it is bulging? |
|
Definition
18 mths
sunken: late sign of dehydration
bulging: ICP, hydrocephalus, infection, hemorrhage, increased Pa CO2 |
|
|
Term
| When does the posterior fontanelle close? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does the first tooth erupt? Which tooth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When are all deciduous teeth complete? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
When do infants begin to display separation anxiety?
Infants have anxiety d/t separation, why do adolescent normally have anxiety?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Cause of oligohydramnios
Cause of polyhydramnios |
|
Definition
renal anomalis (fetus not producing urine in utero)
tracheal esophageal fistual (most common)
or diaphragmatic hernia |
|
|
Term
How do infants/kids breath?
What is choanal atresia? |
|
Definition
nose breathers
a congenital disorder where the back of the nasal passage ( choana) is blocked, usually by abnormal bony or soft tissue formed during fetal development.
|
|
|
Term
| What are the three herbal G's and what do they increase the risk of? |
|
Definition
Garlic
Ginseng
Ginkgo Biloba
All increase risk of bleeding |
|
|
Term
| What 3 anesthetic meds should be avoided in a patient with seizures? |
|
Definition
| ketamine, methohexital, enflurane |
|
|
Term
NPO schedules:
clear liquids
breast milk
formula, milk and solid food
Be specific when telling parents what the child can have; give some examples of clear liquid. |
|
Definition
clear liquids: 2 hours
breast milk: 4 hours
formula, milk & solid food: 6-8 hrs
apple juice, water, pedialyte ---NO grape |
|
|
Term
| Graves Disease is most common form of ____? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Mallampati Classifications:
Class I
Class II
Class III
Class IV |
|
Definition
Class I - tonsilar pillars, hard & soft palate, uvula
Class II - tonsilar pillars, hard & soft palate, but tip of uvula is hidden by base of tongue
Class III - only hard & soft palate, no uvula
Class IV - only hard palate |
|
|
