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Pediatrics EOR
NSU Pediatrics EOR - PA
348
Health Care
Graduate
09/26/2010

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Term
What parathyroid testing pattern corresponds with primary hyperparathyroidism?
Definition
elevated Ca, elevated PTH
Term
A 12-year-old boy is brought to you with short stature. Bone age, history and pharmacologic tests can be used to confirm or rule out
Definition
GH deficiency
Term
normal vitals for 6m infant?
Definition
HR = 120
RR = 40
SBP = 70
Term
test for heparin therapy?
Definition
pTT
Term
Acid-base abnormality in child w recurrent vomiting?
Definition
increased pH (more alkalotic)
increased bicarb
decreased Cl (bc you are barfing it out)
Term
Ascariasis symptoms?
Definition
low grade fever
abdominal pain
intestinal blockage if >100 worms
Term
Drug class that causes oto/nephrotoxicity?
Definition
aminoglycosides
Term
Weak cry, weak sucking reviex, lack of anti-Ach receptor antibodies?
Definition
congenital myasthenia
Term
deficiency of what at teh intestinal brush border causes congenital chloride diarrhea?
Definition
Cl/HCO3 exchanger
Term
Newborn wtih bilious vomiting; distended abdomen; double bubble on Xray. what is next step?
Definition
surgical exploration (caused by bowel obstruction)
Term
Pt with heavy menstrual periods
Hgb = 9
Platelet count = 250k
Microcytic hypochromic anemia
PT/PTT are normal but bleeding time prolonged
Definition
vonWillebrand's dx
Term
Characteristic of child with tet of fallot?
Definition
child assume squatting position
Term
IV anesthetic used for kids for short procedures?
Definition
ketamine
Term
PDA after how many hours is abnormal, regardless of gestational age?
Definition
4 days
Term
A 3kg baby is born at 37 weeks of gestation to a 23-year-old primigravida. The pregnancy was uncomplicated and no ultrasound was performed during gestation. The baby does well initially, but approximately 12 hours following delivery the baby develops respiratory difficulty. The baby has a poor color, weak pulses, and oxygen saturation of 80%. The baby dies despite resuscitative measures. Which of the following would be the most likely cardiac finding during autopsy?
Definition
hypoplastic L heart
Term
viscid secretions, pancreatic insufficiency and chronic pulmonary disease?
Definition
cystic fibrosis
Term
test used to diagnose varicella, herpes zoster?
Definition
Tzank test
Term
DOC for acute OM?
Definition
Amoxil
Term
treatment for generalized tonic clonic seizure?
Definition
carbamazepine
phenytoin
primidone
Term
what agent causes measles?
Definition
paramyxovirus
Term
5y male with frequent frontal headache, normal neuro exam - what is cause?
Definition
migraine
Term
Full term baby with normal delivery returns 5d later with fatigue, sweating during feeding, not gaining weight. Pansystolic murmur heard @ LLSB, what is the murmur?
Definition
vsd
Term
25 yo female delivers after 22h labor - placenta and baby have green staining. Baby goes into respiratory distress, why?
Definition
meconium aspiration
Term
Failure of abdominal wall to close results in?
Definition
gastrochisis/omphalocele
Term
A 6-year-old boy is brought to his pediatrician for follow-up of asthma. He has been categorized as mild persistent asthma. Which is the preferred treatment for this patient for maintenance of long-term control?
Definition
low dose ICS
Term
Maternal IgG antibiodies bound to fetal RBCs detected with -
Definition
coomb's test
Term
Newborn wtih severe bacterial infection and extreme leukocytosis?
Definition
leukocyte adhesion deficiency
Term
Hand dominance usually observed at age of?
Definition
1 year
Term
A cardiac systolic murmur was detected at the left lower sternal border of a 7-year-old male child during a routine visit to the pediatric clinic. The child is asymptomatic and there were no other significant findings on physical examination. Echocardiography revealed apical displacement of the septal and posterior tricuspid valve leaflets, and ECG revealed right axis deviation and right bundle-branch block. Which of the following cardiac malformations is most likely to be present in this client?
Definition
Ebstein anomaly is a rare congenital cardiac malformation (1%) due to abnormal development of the tricuspid valve. It is characterized by downward displacement of the septal and posterior leaflets of the tricuspid valve into the cavity of the right ventricle (RV), leading to atrialization of the right ventricle with abnormal attachment of the anterior leaflet to the RV free wall
Term
Which of the following diseases has a clinical picture of autistic features, mental retardation, large jaw and ears?
Definition
Fragile X
Term
Which of the following is the correct diagnosis for a clinical picture of progressive weakness starting at age 2-4 and the child never runs or climbs upstairs normally
Definition
duchenne muscular dystrophy
Term
DOC for lyme dx in 10 yo child?
Definition
tetracycline (ok to give to kids older than 7-8y, otherwise give amoxil)
Term
Treatment for schizophrenia in kids?
Definition
clozapine
Term
Treatment for bipolar dx in kids?
Definition
lithium
Term
Hepatomeagaly, choreaform movement, kayser fleishner rings?
Definition
wilson's dx
Term
tx for mycoplasma pneumonia?
Definition
erythromycin
Term
MCC bacterial meningitis in newborns?
Definition
group B strep
Term
Most common type of hepatitis in kids <15y?
Definition
hep A
Term
MCC diarrhea in kids <1 y?
Definition
rotavirus
Term
MCC viral diarrhea in older kids?
Definition
norwalk virus
Term
the glans penis develops in which tanner stage?
Definition
stage 4
Term
4-year-old boy develops a red rash and becomes febrile. His hands and feet become swollen, and his eyes are reddened and irritated. His father takes him to his pediatrician. On physical examination, he has "strawberry tongue" (enlarged papilla). His oral mucosa is dark, erythematous, and his lips are a bright red. He has palpable cervical lymph nodes. Diagnosis?
Definition
Kawasaki dx (mycocutaneous lymph node syndrome)
Term
Projectile non bilious vomiting, constipation, poor wt gain, olive shaped mass below liver - what is confirmatory test
Definition
barium swallow (pyloric stenosis)
Term
Baby born @ term should be able to sit unassisted at?
Definition
6-7m
Term
Anterior fontanelle closes by?
Definition
24mos
Term
Widened pulse pressure, heaving apical impulse, continuous murmur. Heart size may be moderately enlarged. CXR shows increased vascular markings, prominent aortic knob
Definition
PDA
Term
N/V, abd distention, obstipation are classic sx of?
Definition
intestinal obstruction
Term
Bilious vomiting noted on 1st day of life, double bubble sign on abd Xray
Definition
duodenal atresia
Term
when should infants go from formula to milk?
Definition
1 year, unless they are underweight
Term
Drooling, sore throat, difficulty swallowing, stridor, fever?
Definition
epiglottitis
Term
workup for epiglottitis?
Definition
Blood/throat culture
CBC - shows elevated WBC
neck Xray - thumb sign
Term
Tx for epiglottitis?
Definition
hospitalization - usually ICU
IV Rocephin (or another 3rd cphspn) or Unasyn
Term
Causes of croup?
Definition
Viral is most common - other causes = bacterial, allergies, inhaled irritant, reflux from stomach
Term
Mild cold then few days later - barking cough, labored breathing, stridor, worse @ night
Definition
croup
Term
PE findings for croup?
Definition
wheezing, chest retractions
steeple sign on XRAY
Term
Tx for croup?
Definition
cool moist air
tylenol
Racemic epi/oral dexamethasone
Term
Cough, wheezing, fatigue, fever, shortness of breath, tachypnea, intracostral retractions
Definition
bronchiolitis
Term
holds head up, turns head to side while prone
moves in response to sound
regards face
Definition
1 month
Term
head lags on pull to sitting
tracks 180 degrees
smiles
holds head midline
responds to voice
Definition
2 mos
Term
supports self on forearms in prone
holds head up while prone
reaches for people
pre-reach with fingers/toes
Definition
3 mos
Term
sits w truncal support
rolls over
grasps objects and brings to mouth
laughs
Definition
4 mos
Term
sits on own
grasps and transfers objects
babbles
Definition
6 mos
Term
sits alone
pulls to stand
crawls
waves bye bye
says mama, dada
Definition
9 mos
Term
stands, walks with hand held
pincer grasp
mama, dada + 2 other words
Definition
12 mos
Term
walks alone
crawls up stairs
points
uses 4-6 words
Definition
15 mos
Term
says no, knows 10 word vocab
knows a few body parts
walks downstairs
feeds self
Definition
18 mos
Term
50 word vocab
turns pages
listens to stories1
Definition
2 yr
Term
gold standard for ADHD testing?
Definition
Conner's scale
Neuropsych testing not routinely recommended.
Term
when do most kids stop breath holding spells?
Definition
half by age 4, 83% by age 8
Term
Jaundice is visible when bilirubin level reaches?
Definition
5 mg/dL
Term
bilirubin toxicity when level reaches ?
Definition
17 mg/dL
Term
signs of normal hydration in a baby?
Definition
3 stools/day, 6 wet diapers/day
Term
treatment for Crigler-Najjar pt with hyperbilirubin?
Definition
phenobarbital
Term
CXR showing ground glass appearence and air bronchograms?
Definition
respiratory distress syndrome
Term
CXR wtih streaky perihilar shadows caused by dilated lymphatics or visible fluid densties
Definition
transient tachypnea of the newborn
Term
infant should double their birth weight by how many months?
Definition
4-5 mos
Term
by 12 mos, infant will _____ their birth weight?
Definition
triple
Term
by 2 years, infant will ______ birth weight
Definition
quadruple
Term
workup for infant <3 mos with fever?
Definition
CBC + diff, ESR, blood culture, LP, CXR, UA + culture, stool culture
Term
antibiotic treatment for fever <3mos
Definition
Ceftriaxone 50mg/kg
Term
if child 3-24 mos presents wtih temp >103 degrees -
Definition
get blood cultures, CBC, etc
Term
Reye's syndrome is most harmful to what organs?
Definition
brain and liver
Term
risk factors for neonatal septicemia?
Definition
PROM, amnionitis, preemie
Term
Most common bacteria causing sepsis in neonates?
Definition
GROUP B STREP!
E coli, listeria, enterococcus
Term
shaken babies classically present wtih ?
Definition
retinal hemorrhages!
long bone/rib fx
CNS dysfx
Term
Crying >3 hours/day for more than 3d/w over 3w period wtih normal exam
Definition
colic - try hypoallergenic formula
Term
Blood in diaper after first 2-3d of life?
Definition
likely swallowed maternal blood
after 1st few days most are idiopathic
Term
DDx for no stool in 1st 48h of life
Definition
stenosis/atresia
Hirschsprung dx
Meconium ileus
Term
Constipation after birth in the 1st month of life?
Definition
Hirschprung dx
Hypothyroid
Anal stenosis
Term
tx for diaper dermatitis?
Definition
zinc oxide
nystatin cream
Term
How long to treat pts with otitis media?
Definition
>2y - 5-7d
<2y - 10d
Term
common pathogens causing pneumonia in <1 month old?
Definition
group B strep
e coli
klebsiella
gram negative enteric bacilli
Term
common causes of pneumonia in 1-24m old?
Definition
RSV
viruses
s pneumo
s pyogenes
s aureus
h flu
Term
tx for bacterial pneumonia?
Definition
rocephin
Term
drug of choice for status epilepticus?
Definition
lorazepam, then long term phenobarb
Term
pt with HA, vomiting?
Definition
consider intracranial mass, get head CT/MRI
Term
Most common pediatric skin infection that presents to the ER?
Definition
MRSA
Term
Treatment for MRSA?
Definition
I+D
Bactrim, cipro, dixy
clorhexadine sponge baths
Mipriocin cream intranasally 2/d x2w
Term
antibiotic treatment for animal bites? cat scratch?
Definition
bites - Augmentin or Bactrim + Clinda
scratch - Azithro
Term
Pt with bone pain, fever, limp?
Definition
Osteomyelitis
Term
workup for osteomyelitis can include?
Definition
blood culture, Xray of the bone
Term
15 yo overweight male who has pain at hip referred to the thigh and knee
Definition
scfe
Term
Hip disorder usually in males 4-9 that leads to avascular necrosis of femoral head?
Definition
Legg-Calve-Perthes dx
Term
apophysitis of tibial tubercule from stress, usually 10-15y
Definition
osgood-schlatter, tx is rest
Term
What are the criteria for admitting a pt to hospital with a UTI
Definition
child <3 mos
any age with dehydration
urinary foreign body/stent
Term
Scrotal pain wtih absent creamsteric reflex?
Definition
testicular torsion
Term
Infants should ride rear facing in the car until what age/weight?
Definition
1 year AND 20 lbs
Term
Most common cause of death in kids <1y
Definition
drownings
Term
1st pap smear should be done when?
Definition
3 years after initiation of sex or age 21
Term
Treatment for labial adhesion?
Definition
topical estrogen applied BID x2w then QHS x1w
Term
Treatment for urethral prolapse?
Definition
estrogen cream or topical antibiotic cream
Term
Vaginal itching, watery discharge, small pink/white papular lesions that form laterger plaquelike lesions that are scaly
Waxes/wanes and usually resplves in puberty
Definition
lichen sclerosis
Term
Tx for chlamydia?
Definition
doxy or zithromaz
Term
Gonorrhea tx?
Definition
rocephin
Term
BV and trichomonas tx
Definition
metronidazole
Term
Scabies/pubic lice tx?
Definition
permetherin
Term
6 yo child presents with breast development but no pubic hair development, what is workup?
Definition
evaluate for estrogen producing ovarian tumor, ingestion of estrogen compounds, and precocious puberty
Term
Virilization of newborn, especially when accompanied by hyperpigmentation shoud prompt lab investigation for -?
Definition
salt losing adrenal hyperplasa, need urgent endo referral
Term
vagina pH levels are _____ with BV and trich, are _______ wtih candida
Definition
elevated
decreased
Term
most common pattern of scoliosis?
Definition
R thoracic curve
Term
Pain with running/climbing stairs, pain when knee is flexed
Definition
chondromalacia patella
Term
Fx thru physis but exiting across metaphysis
Definition
Salter harris 2
Term
Fx thru physis but exiting across the epiphysis into joint
Definition
Salter harris 3
Term
Fx extending across metaphysis, physis, epiphysis
Definition
salter harris 4
Term
Test used to reduce a recently dislocated hip
Definition
Ortolani
Term
Tx for subluxated hips/dysplastic hips?
Definition
pavlik harness
Term
painless limp, + trendelemburg, delayed skeletal maturation and small for age
Definition
legg calve perthes
Term
prominent intoeing on walking and frequent tripping; hips and knees are normal but lower leg and feet turn in
Definition
internal tibial torsion; tx is reassurance
Term
What is tx for genu valgum and varim?
Definition
will correct itself by 2 years, so reassurance
Term
Metatarsals are deviated medially, what is treatment?
Definition
Mild - passive manipulation (wear shoes on opposite feet)
Moderate - stretching, special shoes
Severe - casting, surgry
Term
child's foot is dorsiflexed and everted, loss of longitudinal arch?
Definition
calcaneovalgus foot deformity
Term
calcaneovalgus deformity tx?
Definition
serial casting, special shoes
Term
Diagnostic criteria for neurofibromatosis 1?
Definition
6+ cafe au lait macules
2+ neurofibromas
axillary/inguinal freckling
2+ lisch nodules (iris hamartomas)
osseous lesion
1st degree relative with NF-1
Term
triad of fragile bones, blue sclera, early defness
Definition
osteogenesis imperfecta
Term
14 yo peresents with swelling and limited ROM, increased heat in several joints over the past 6w
Definition
Juvenile RA
Term
what do the labs present with JRA?
Definition
elevated ESR, CRP
leukocytosis
thrombocytosis
anemia of chronic dx
Term
what does positive rheumatoid factor signify for JRA pts?
Definition
associated with onset of dx in older child with polyarticular involvment
poor prognosis - development of nodules and functional disability
Term
how is JRA dx confirmed?
Definition
liver/bone marrow biopsy
Term
8yo presents with palpable purpura, arthritis, abd pain
Definition
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
Term
where is rash present in Henoch Schonlein?
Definition
hips and lower extremities
Term
fever for 5+ days
conjunctivitis
rash
lymphadenopathy
injected pharynx/lips
hand and foot edema and erythema
fingertip desquamation
Definition
kawasaki syndrome dx criteria
Term
what is growth rate from 2y to adolescence?
Definition
2 inch / year
Term
Bone age is appropriate for chron age
Normal growth velocity
Pts height is appropriate for family pattern
Definition
familial short stature
Term
Bone age delayed
slow growth in 1st 3y of life
delay in onset of puberty
"late bloomer"
Definition
constitutional growth delay
Term
tx for central and nephrogenic diabetes insipirus
Definition
central - DDVAP
nephrogenic - thiazides
Term
most common cause of precocious puberty?
Definition
CNS lesions, esp in boys
Term
Baby born with broad nasal bridge, thick lips, and umbilical hernia likely has?
Definition
Cretinism (low thyroid hm)
Term
Rounded facies, central obesity, buffalo hump, HTN, fatigue, thin wasted muscles, delayed bone maturation?
Definition
cushing synd
Term
Baby presents in respiratory distress and had pea-soup stained amnionic fluid, what tx is next?
Definition
child has had meconium aspiration and needs suction
Term
Sausage mass in abdomen and currant jelly stool?
Definition
intusseption
Term
How is pyloric stenosis dx?
Definition
ultrasound
Term
diaper rash is usually caused by?
Definition
candida albicans
Term
Infant presents with tachypnea, cough, fever, rhinorrhea?
Definition
RSV
Term
what level must jaundice reach to be visible?
Definition
5
Term
Most common cause of SIDS?
Definition
Prone sleeping
Term
Pt presents with erythametous rash around injection site of vaccine (give 24h prior). What is treatment?
Definition
Keflex and Prednisone - may be bacterial infection or response to vax.
Term
Elevated levels of insulin present during hypoglycemia is?
Definition
Insulinoma
Term
Hyperglycemia
ketonemia
ketonuria
met acidosis
Definition
DKA
Term
Important complication of DKA to keep in mind
Definition
cerebral edema
Term
Most common urethral anomaly?
Definition
hypospadias
Term
Accumulation of fluid in tunica vaginalis; transilluminates
Definition
hydrocele
Term
Tx for hydrocele
Definition
surgery if it lasts >18mos, otherwise will resolve spontaneously
Term
Tx for varicocele
Definition
ligation of spermatic vein
varicoelectomy
Term
causes of orchitis?
Definition
coxsackie B
mumps
trauma

tx is supportive
Term
what causes epididymitis?
Definition
chlamydia/gonorrhea - tx is rocephin and doxy
Term
all children <6y with UTI need what diagnostic testing?
Definition
renal ultrasound
VCUG (give abx prophylaxis until vcug performed)
Term
what is vesicouretral reflux?
Definition
abnl mvmt of urine from bladder --> ureters --> kidney bc of leaky valves or high vesicular pressure
Term
what grade VUR -
reflux with non dilated ureter?
Definition
grade 1
Term
what grade VUR -
reflux into ureter/renal pelvis/calicies withOUT dilation?
Definition
grade 2
Term
what grade VUR -
mild/moderate dilation of ureter/pelvis wtih minimal blunting of fornices
Definition
grade 3
Term
what grade VUR -
dilation of renal pelvis/calicies with moderate uretral tortuosity?
Definition
grade 4
Term
what grade VUR -
gross dilation fo ureter/pelvis/calicies, uretral tortuosity and loss of papillary impressions?
Definition
grade 5
Term
MCC proteinuria?
Definition
diabetes
Term
Tx for Berger's dx (IgA nephropthy)
Definition
corticosteroids
Term
What are causes of glomerulonephritis?
Definition
IgA nephropathy
postinfectious glomerulonephritis
lupus
goodpastures syndrome
Term
pt with edema in periorbital and scrotal regions with HTN - be concerned about?
Definition
glomerulonephritis
Term
Proteinuria, decreased serum protein, peripheral edema, hyperlipidemia?
Definition
nephrotic syndrome
Term
MCC nephrotic syndrome in kids <10 y?
Definition
Minimal change dx - caused by allergy/meds/idiopathic
Term
what is most common type of renal failure in peds?
Definition
prerenal, from dehydration
oliguria is hallmark
Term
heart defects associated wtih down's sydnrome?
Definition
ASD
VSD
Term
heart defects assiciated with marfan syndrome?
Definition
MVP
aortic aneurysm
aortic root dissection
Term
CHARGE association - what heart defects are associated?
Definition
VSD
ASD
Term
heart defects associated wtih turner syndrome?
Definition
Coarc of aorta
bicuspid aortic valve
Term
A child with rheumatic fever prevents with what type of rash?
Definition
erythema marginatum
Term
which test is the most important for evaluating a pt with congenital heart dx?
Definition
ECHO
Term
what murmurs are systolic?
Definition
AS
MR
systolic click
ASD/VSD
ejection sounds
Term
which murmurs are diastolic?
Definition
TS, AR
opening snap
S3, S4
Term
Heart defects that have R to L shunt?
Definition
tetralogy
transposition
tricuspid atresia
Term
Heart defects wtih L --> R shunt?
Definition
PDA, VSD, ASD
Term
Where is still's murmur heard the best?
Definition
LLSB, apex
Term
Musical/vibratory, low frequency systolic murmur occuring in healthy 3-6yo kids?
Definition
still's murmur - no cardio referral needed
Term
Minor turbulence of R ventricular outflow and pulmonary artery; blowing murmur?
Definition
pulmonary ejection murmur
Term
where is pulmonary ejection murmur loudest?
Definition
lusb
Term
Continuous murmur heard in left infeaclavicular area. Disappears while lying sypine, intensity disappears wtih compression of jugular vein
Definition
venous hum
Term
Which murmurs are acyanotic?
Definition
ASD
PDA
VSD
pulm stenosis
aortic stenosis
coarc of aorta
Term
Widely split S2; low pitched mid diastolic rumbling @ LLSB and SEM @ ulsb. CXR shows cardiomegaly and increased pulm artery vasculature. EKG shows RVH. murmur type?
Definition
ASD
Term
Bounding peripheral pulses, wide pulse pressure, rapid diastolic pressure delay. Early diastolic murmur. EKG findings = LVH/LAE. CXR shows increased pulm artery size
Definition
PDA
Term
Tx for PDA?
Definition
indomethacin, ligation
Term
Loud, harsh pansystolic murmur loudest @ LLSB
EKG = LVH/LAE
CXR = cardiomegaly, LA enlargment
Definition
VSF
Term
Systolic ejection murmur heard loudest @ ULSB; S2 is split; Systolic ejection click
EKG = RAD/RAH/RVH
CXR = post stenotic dilitation of pulm artery
Definition
pulmonic stenosis

if mod/severe - need balloon dilation
Term
SEM loudest @ ULSB, bounding radial pulses, diminished femoral pulse
blood pressure elevated in arms
Definition
Coarc of aorta
Term
Sx of coarc of aorta?
Definition
HTN, low BP in legs, claudication, HA, epistaxis
Term
CXR signs of coarc of aorta?
Definition
cardiomegaly
rib notching
bost coarc dilitation
Term
aortic stenosis presents wtih classic triad of?
Definition
syncope
angina
DOE
Term
SEM with systolic thrill loudest @ RUSB
narrowed pulse pressure
CXR is usually normal
Definition
aortic stenosis
Term
MCC for aortic stenosis?
Definition
rheumatic fever
Term
Increased pulmonary resistance refering a L to R shunt to R to L
Definition
Eisenmenger's syndrome
Term
Cardiac anomalies that can cause eisenmenger's syndrome?
Definition
vsd
asd
ta
toga
Term
Heart abnormality where CXR shows boot shaped heart and decreased pulmonary vasculature markings?
Definition
tet of fallot
Term
Blood enters thru R atrium but can't enter RV so goes into LA thru ASD
Definition
tricuspid atresia
Term
Systolic murmur causing neonatal cyanosis
Hypoplastic RV
MUST have ASD/PDA/VSD to be compatible with life
loudest @ LLSB
Definition
Tricuspid atresia
Term
O2 poor blood pumped out from R side of heart
Definition
TOGA
Term
Causes neonatal cyanosis, Loud single S2
EKG = RVH
CXR = egg on a string, increased pulm vasculature, narrowed mediastinum
Definition
TOGA
Term
Both ventricles outflow thru a common arterial trunk mixing oxygenated/deoxygenated blood
Definition
truncus arteriosus
Term
Pansystolic murmur with systolic ejection click
Loudest @ LLSB/apex
CXR = cardiomegaly and increased pulm vasculature
Definition
truncus arteriosus
Term
Blood from teh pulmonary veins returns to the superior vena cava
Definition
total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
Term
why are the lungs damaged in TAPVC?
Definition
bc increased blood goes from pulmonary veins back to R side of heart and then to lungs again - this stresses the lungs and eventually causes damage
Term
Murmur loudest @ LLSB
systolic ejection murmur with wide split S2
CXR = snowman, increased pulm vasculature
EKG = RAH, RVH, RAD
Definition
TAPVC
Term
what are major Jones criteria?
Definition
major =
poly arthritis
carditis
chorea
erythema marginatum
subQ nodules
Term
Tx for acute rheumatic fver?
Definition
bedrest
penicillin
NSAID/ASA for pain
Corticosteroids if severe carditis
recommended PCN prophylax thruout adolescence
Term
Precordial pain relieved by leaning forward
Definition
pericarditis
Term
Fever
New/changing mmurmur
splenomegaly
splinger hemorrhages
hematuria
petechiae/osler node/janeway lesion
Definition
endocarditis
Term
Most important factor for prevention of infective endocarditis?
Definition
proper dental hygine!
prophylax pt with congenital/rheumatic heart dx
Amoxil 2g or 50mg/kg
Term
when can hyperlipidemia be treated in kids?
Definition
>10 y wtih bile acid sequesterants after failure of diet therapy
Term
DDX for chest pain in peds?
Definition
pericarditis
Kawasaki's dx
MVP
Aortic Aneurysm in Marfans pt
Cocaine ingestion
Costochondritis
Acid reflux
stress and anxiety
Term
Xerosis, pityriasis alba, keratosis pilaris, and lichenification are all manifestations of?
Definition
atopic dermatitis
Term
Tx for atopic dermatitis:
Definition
moisturizers - euerin, cetaphil, keri
antihistamines - atarax, zyrtec
corticosteroids - hydrocortisone
abx - keflex, dicloxacillin
Term
Most common food allergies in peds?
Definition
milk
egg
soy
wheat
peanuts
fish
Term
Tx of Mild PERSISTENT asthma
Definition
short acting bronchodilator
inhaled corticosteroid (200-400ug/day)
Term
Treatment of moderate persistent asthma?
Definition
SABA
inhaled corticosteroid (400-800 ug/d)
long acting bronchodilator is optional
Term
Tx of severe asthma?
Definition
SABA
ICS
Leukotriene inhibitor
oral corticosteroid
Term
celiac dx presents with?
Definition
malabsorbtion and steatorrhea
Term
food sensitivities are mediated by what?
Definition
IgE
Term
What type of asthma presents with sx >2x/week but less than <1x/day, nocturnal sx >2x/month
Definition
mild persistent
Term
Type of asthma with daily sx, nocturnal sx >1/week
Definition
moderate persistent
Term
Cough progresses from dry to productive
Rhonchi
Malaise
WBC is normal
Definition
bronchitis
Term
Tx for acute bronchiolitis?
Definition
albuterol, epi
possibly corticosteroids
Term
Most common cause pneumonia in 1st few years of life?
Definition
viruses
Term
CXR findings with TB?
Definition
hilar/mediastinal adenopathy
segmental hyperinflation
atelectasis
alveolar consolidation
pleural effusion/cavitation
Term
Antibiotic tx for pertussis?
Definition
erythromycin/clarithro/azithro
Term
Confirmatory study for bronchiectasis?
Definition
CT scan of lungs
Term
S+S of cystic fibrosis
Definition
respiratory sx
failure to thrive
meconium ileus
acid base abnormalities
rectal prolapse
NASAL POLYPS
Term
Vertical motion of a mass with swallowing and tounge protrusion?
Definition
thyroglossal duct cyst
Term
Tx for persistent middle ear effusion >3-4 mos with hearing loss?
Definition
myringotomy and tube insertion
Term
TM looks thickened, shiny, retracted; presents with clear effusion
Definition
serous otitis media
Term
Trapped epithelial tissue that grows beneath surface of the membrane? What is the tx?
Definition
cholesteatoma
tx - surgical removal to avoid erosion
Term
MCC aural polyps
Definition
old retained tympanostomy tube
Term
Imaging for diagnosis of mastoiditis?
Definition
CT scan is most reliable
Term
Tx for mastoiditis?
Definition
IV antibiotics, hospital admit
Rocephin/Clindamycin
Mastoidectomy if severe
Term
Infants are obligate nose breathers for how long?
Definition
1st 3 months of life
Term
Most common bugs in bacterial sinusitis?
Definition
strep pneumo
h flu
m catarralis
Term
3 yo child presents with eyelid and periorbital swelling, area is red and tender
conjunctivitis and discharge also present
what is dx?
Definition
periorbital cellulitis
Term
Tx for acute tonsillopharyngitis (bacterial)?
Definition
10d course of PCN/amoxil/erythromycin
Term
Present with fever, severe sore throat on one side, pain radiates to the ipsilateral ear, dysphagia, increased saliva to avoid swallowing, ipsilateral lymph node tenderness, and torticollis, tilting the head, trismus, and speech is thick and muffled
Definition
peritonsillar abscess
Term
Lateral neck x-ray taken on inspiration with neck in extension shows widening of the prevertebral soft tissues
history of acute febrile URI/pharyngitis
what is dx?
Definition
retropharyngeal abscess
Term
Child presents with persistent cough/stridor, wheeze
CXR shows mediastinal shift toward L lung
dx?
Definition
foreign body aspiration
Term
Dirty brown scales on flank/elbow/shoulder
Definition
X-linked ichthyosis
Term
Small pustules on erythametous bases appearing 3-5d after birth
resolve in 1-2w
Definition
erythema toxicum
Term
Small white papules on nose/cheeks/forehead/chin
Resolve in 1-2 mos
Definition
milia
Term
Caused by block of sweat glands
Flushed macular rash on face/scalp/diaper area
Definition
miliaria
Term
When should anterior fontanelle close? posterior?
Definition
6-12 mos
posterior = 1-3m
Term
Small mandible and tounge, clefted soft palate
Prone position helps control resp distress
Definition
Pierre-Robinson syndrome
Term
average heart rate in newborn?
Definition
140 beats/minute
Term
Prominent kidneys in newborn suggest?
Definition
hydronephrosis
cystic kidney dx
Term
maneuver used to dislocate the hip wtih posterior pressure
Definition
barlow maneuver
Term
maneuver that identifies the hip that is dislocated/subluxed
Definition
ortolani
Term
+ ortolani/barlow should prompt what diagnostic study?
Definition
U/S of the hips
Term
all states screen infants after birth for which disorders?
Definition
Phenylketonuria
Cong. adrenal hyperplasia
galactosemia
hypothyroidism
Term
infant born with collodion membrane
scaling over face/trunk/extremities
autosomal dominant disorder
Definition
lamellar ichthyosis
Term
Moderate to severe mental regardation, hyperactivity, seizures, autism, hypopigmentation
Definition
phenylketonuria
Term
tx for galactosemia?
Definition
lactose/galactose free diet
Term
Large for gestational age infant
hypoglycemia during infancy
creases and pits in earlobes
asymetric limbs
organomegaly
large tounge
Definition
beckwith-wiedmann syndrome
Term
severe mental retardation, developmental delay, poor language skills, paroxysmal laughing, seizures
Definition
angelman's syndrome
Term
Type of poisoning with:
mucosa irritation
vomiting/diarrhea
cyanosis, resp distress
tachycardia
fever
CNS depression
Definition
hydrocarbons - avoid emetics
Term
Antidote for acetaminophen?
Definition
acetylcystine (mucomist)
Term
1st line tx for most ingested poisons?
Definition
activated charcoal
Term
where is rash commonly found in childhood atopic dermatitis?
Definition
flexural surfaces
Term
Rash wtih symmetrical eryption, usually on arms and legs
Initially they are dusky red wheals but then turn into target lesions
result from hypersensitivity, infection, herpes
Definition
erythema multiforme
Term
Red swollen tender nail fold
Definition
paronychia - usually staph/strep, from nail biting
Term
MCC hypercalcemia?
Definition
hyperPTH
Term
MCC epididymitis?
Definition
chlamydia trachomatis
Term
Sore throat, fever, malaise, vesicular lesions on pharynx
Definition
herpangina, caused by coxsackie virus
Term
difference btwn central and peripheral cyanosis?
Definition
central cyanosis has low O2 sat with pulse ox
Term
gold standard to diagnose acute cholecystitis?
Definition
scan of biliary tree
Term
MCC upper GI tract hemorrhage?
Definition
duodenal ulcers
Term
Which valve most commonly affected by endocarditis?
Definition
mitral valve (L side)
Term
MCC acute bacterial endocarditis?
Definition
staph aureus
Term
Diarrhea associated with shingles caused by?
Definition
shigella
Term
MCC impetigo?
Definition
group a b hemolytic strep
Term
Staccato cough with hx of conjunctivities in 1st few wks after birth?
Definition
pneumonia caused by chlamydia trachomatis
Term
1st line tx for seizures in kids?
Definition
phenobarbital
Term
Triad associated with acute pericardial tamponade?
Definition
hypotension
elevated CVP
tachycardia
Term
MCC pulsus paradoxus in child?
Definition
asthma
Term
RBC with basophilic stipping occurs with?
Definition
thalassemia
lead poisoning
Term
Non gonofccal urethritis
polyarthritis
conjunctivitis
Definition
reiter's syndrome
Term
Syncope is characteristic of which valvular dx?
Definition
aortic stenosis
Term
Drug tx for e coli?
Definition
bactrim
Term
Increased sodium excretion, can't concentrate urine
Dehydration
Deficiency of cortisol
Definition
Addison's dx
Term
findings in DIC
Definition
increased PTT/PT
increased fibrin degradation products
decreased fibrinogen
decreased platelets
Term
when should newborns stop losing weight?
Definition
6d after birth
Term
Hookworm associated with which kind of anemia?
Definition
Fe deficient
Term
DOC for wolf parkinson white/a flutter
Definition
procainamide
Term
Frequent complicatino of ethmoid sinusitis?
Definition
orbital cellulitis
Term
MCC painless lower GI bleeding?
Definition
meckels diverticulum
Term
An infant has a hemangioma of the upper eyelid which is causing physical obstruction of the eye. Unrelieved obstruction can cause a permanent decrease in visual acuity as early as:
Definition
1 week
Term
he most appropriate time to evaluate an acetaminophen level after the reported ingestion to determine if therapy is indicated is
Definition
4h
Term
A 5-year-old male presents to your office with a 5-day history of rash and pain in his perianal region. He has been well prior to this condition. Since the onset of the rash, he has complained of itching around his anus and bloody streaks in his stools. He has been treated with an over the counter antifungal cream and has no known drug allergies. His exam is normal with the exception of an intensely erythematous, moist, tender, well-demarcated rash that is confluent from the anus outward. The most likely cause is
Definition
group a beta hemolytic strep
Term
Which of the following is the most common cause of secondary amenorrhea in adolescents?
Definition
stress
Term
the first sign of puberty in the male human is
Definition
increase in testicular size
Term
A child comes to your office for a routine physical exam. The child is able to walk with one hand held, picks up a pellet with a pincer movement of forefinger and thumb and releases it upon request, says "mama" and "dada," and is able to play a simple ball game. How old is this child?
Definition
12 mnths
Term
Exposure to rubella (intrauterine) can cause
Definition
hese include congenital cataracts, glaucoma, deafness, cardiac malformations, microcephaly, microphthalmia, and tooth defects. The earlier in the pregnancy this exposure occurs, the worse the resulting defects.
Term
which are the live viruses?
Definition
MMR
VZV
OPV
Term
Conjunctivitis
Pharyngeal pseudomembrane
Bullneck
Myocarditis
Definition
diptheria
Term
If 4th DtaP vax is after 4th birthday is 5th vax needed?
Definition
no
Term
how should Tdap and Td be dosed in kids >11?
Definition
Tdap given once then Td used as booster q10 years
Term
Tdap given to a child <7 yo, as DTaP dose #1, 2, or 3 - Is this valid?
Definition
no, DTap must be given
Term
Tdap given to a child <7yo, as DTaP dose # 4 or 5
is this valid?
Definition
yes, this is valid
Term
MMR valid if given before 12mos?
Definition
NO. must be given after a year. second dose is valid if given >4wk after 1st dose
Term
Most common complications of the mumps?
Definition
male infertility - if bilateral orchitis
meningoencephalitis!!
Term
When is the age cutoff for Hib vax?
Definition
59 mos (4 y and 11 mos)
Term
when should pneumococcal vax be given?
Definition
2/4/6/12-15 months
Term
Vesicular and ulcerative lesions surrounded by a red ring; occurs @ tonsilar pillars/soft palate
Definition
herpangina
Term
Complications of varicella?
Definition
encephalitis, acute cerebellar ataxia
Reye's syndrome
Progressive varicella w systemic involvement
Term
Rotavirus vax should not be started in kids older than ____ weeks?
Definition
15
Term
Dose 3 of rotavirus must be given no later than ___ months
Definition
8
Term
Schedule for gardasil vaccine?
Definition
0, 2, 6 months apart
Term
Discrete pink red maculopapular rash on face, spreads to body
Fever
Malaise
HA/sore throat
adenopathy
Forchheimer spots (red spots on soft palate)
Definition
Rubella (german measles)
Term
Koplik spots on buccal mucosa
Fever/malaise
Conjunctivitis
Rash satrting @ hairline and spreading to body, ultiamtely to palms and soles
Definition
rubeola (ordinary measles)
Term
Advice for unvaccinated child who has come into contact with rubeola pt?
Definition
vax will prevent disease if given in 72h of contact
Immune globulin will prevent/modify dx if given w/in 6days
Term
Red rash over cheeks
Raised lacy red rash over extremities/trunk/butt
resolves in 3-7d
Definition
erythema infectiosum (5th dx)
Term
Erythema migrans is seen with what?
Definition
lyme dx
Term
An ulcerative skin infxn penetrates more deeply than impetigo
MCC is Group a b-hemolytic strep
Definition
ecthyma
Term
Superficial abscess that develops underneath the cuticle or along the nail fold of the finger or toe
Cause: staph/strep
Definition
paronychia
Term
Cause of osteomyelitis in sickle cell pts?
Definition
salmonella
Term
Most common pathogens in osteomyelitis?
Definition
s aureus
b-hemolytic strep
consider pseudomonas if puncture wound in foot
Term
cause of septic arthritis in -
neonate
1m-2y
2-5y
Definition
neonate = staph
1-2m = strep
2-5y = staph
Term
90% of septic arthritis cases arise from ?
Definition
bacteremia
Term
Neuro dx with:
SEIZURES!!
mental retardation
intracranial calicification
sebacous adenomas (tiny red nodules over nose/cheeks - looks like acne)
Definition
Tuberous sclerosis
Term
workup for 1st seizure?
Definition
fasting glucose
calcium
magnesium
serum electrolyte levels
Term
Asynchronous clonic or tonic movements, and they tend to involve the face, neck, and extremities
Remains concious
no postictal stage
10-20s
Definition
simple partial seizure
Term
Persists 1-2 minutes
May begin with a simple partial seizure with or without an aura, followed by impaired consciousness
Unable to communicate
May stop activity
Automatisms are common
Definition
complex partial seizure
Term
Febrile seuzire >15m suggests?
Definition
organic cause - toxic/infectious, this requires a complete workup
Term
How long does it take to wean pt off seizure drugs?
Definition
3-6mos, abrupt withdrawl can cause status epilepticus!
Term
failure of closure of the neural and vertebral elements
Definition
myelomeningocele
Term
tx for kawasaki
Definition
IVIG, ASA
Term
child that drags legs
does not pull to stand
scissoring posture of legs?
Definition
cerebral palsy
Term
erythema infectiosum is seen with?
Definition
5th disease (slapped cheeks)
Term
MCC childhood movement dx?
Definition
cerebral palsy
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