Term
| What parathyroid testing pattern corresponds with primary hyperparathyroidism? |
|
Definition
| elevated Ca, elevated PTH |
|
|
Term
| A 12-year-old boy is brought to you with short stature. Bone age, history and pharmacologic tests can be used to confirm or rule out |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| normal vitals for 6m infant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| test for heparin therapy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acid-base abnormality in child w recurrent vomiting? |
|
Definition
increased pH (more alkalotic)
increased bicarb
decreased Cl (bc you are barfing it out) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
low grade fever
abdominal pain
intestinal blockage if >100 worms |
|
|
Term
| Drug class that causes oto/nephrotoxicity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Weak cry, weak sucking reviex, lack of anti-Ach receptor antibodies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| deficiency of what at teh intestinal brush border causes congenital chloride diarrhea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Newborn wtih bilious vomiting; distended abdomen; double bubble on Xray. what is next step? |
|
Definition
| surgical exploration (caused by bowel obstruction) |
|
|
Term
Pt with heavy menstrual periods
Hgb = 9
Platelet count = 250k
Microcytic hypochromic anemia
PT/PTT are normal but bleeding time prolonged |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Characteristic of child with tet of fallot? |
|
Definition
| child assume squatting position |
|
|
Term
| IV anesthetic used for kids for short procedures? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| PDA after how many hours is abnormal, regardless of gestational age? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A 3kg baby is born at 37 weeks of gestation to a 23-year-old primigravida. The pregnancy was uncomplicated and no ultrasound was performed during gestation. The baby does well initially, but approximately 12 hours following delivery the baby develops respiratory difficulty. The baby has a poor color, weak pulses, and oxygen saturation of 80%. The baby dies despite resuscitative measures. Which of the following would be the most likely cardiac finding during autopsy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| viscid secretions, pancreatic insufficiency and chronic pulmonary disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| test used to diagnose varicella, herpes zoster? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| treatment for generalized tonic clonic seizure? |
|
Definition
carbamazepine
phenytoin
primidone |
|
|
Term
| what agent causes measles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 5y male with frequent frontal headache, normal neuro exam - what is cause? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Full term baby with normal delivery returns 5d later with fatigue, sweating during feeding, not gaining weight. Pansystolic murmur heard @ LLSB, what is the murmur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 25 yo female delivers after 22h labor - placenta and baby have green staining. Baby goes into respiratory distress, why? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Failure of abdominal wall to close results in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A 6-year-old boy is brought to his pediatrician for follow-up of asthma. He has been categorized as mild persistent asthma. Which is the preferred treatment for this patient for maintenance of long-term control? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Maternal IgG antibiodies bound to fetal RBCs detected with - |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Newborn wtih severe bacterial infection and extreme leukocytosis? |
|
Definition
| leukocyte adhesion deficiency |
|
|
Term
| Hand dominance usually observed at age of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A cardiac systolic murmur was detected at the left lower sternal border of a 7-year-old male child during a routine visit to the pediatric clinic. The child is asymptomatic and there were no other significant findings on physical examination. Echocardiography revealed apical displacement of the septal and posterior tricuspid valve leaflets, and ECG revealed right axis deviation and right bundle-branch block. Which of the following cardiac malformations is most likely to be present in this client? |
|
Definition
| Ebstein anomaly is a rare congenital cardiac malformation (1%) due to abnormal development of the tricuspid valve. It is characterized by downward displacement of the septal and posterior leaflets of the tricuspid valve into the cavity of the right ventricle (RV), leading to atrialization of the right ventricle with abnormal attachment of the anterior leaflet to the RV free wall |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following diseases has a clinical picture of autistic features, mental retardation, large jaw and ears? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is the correct diagnosis for a clinical picture of progressive weakness starting at age 2-4 and the child never runs or climbs upstairs normally |
|
Definition
| duchenne muscular dystrophy |
|
|
Term
| DOC for lyme dx in 10 yo child? |
|
Definition
| tetracycline (ok to give to kids older than 7-8y, otherwise give amoxil) |
|
|
Term
| Treatment for schizophrenia in kids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Treatment for bipolar dx in kids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hepatomeagaly, choreaform movement, kayser fleishner rings? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tx for mycoplasma pneumonia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MCC bacterial meningitis in newborns? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common type of hepatitis in kids <15y? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MCC diarrhea in kids <1 y? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MCC viral diarrhea in older kids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the glans penis develops in which tanner stage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4-year-old boy develops a red rash and becomes febrile. His hands and feet become swollen, and his eyes are reddened and irritated. His father takes him to his pediatrician. On physical examination, he has "strawberry tongue" (enlarged papilla). His oral mucosa is dark, erythematous, and his lips are a bright red. He has palpable cervical lymph nodes. Diagnosis? |
|
Definition
| Kawasaki dx (mycocutaneous lymph node syndrome) |
|
|
Term
| Projectile non bilious vomiting, constipation, poor wt gain, olive shaped mass below liver - what is confirmatory test |
|
Definition
| barium swallow (pyloric stenosis) |
|
|
Term
| Baby born @ term should be able to sit unassisted at? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anterior fontanelle closes by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Widened pulse pressure, heaving apical impulse, continuous murmur. Heart size may be moderately enlarged. CXR shows increased vascular markings, prominent aortic knob |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| N/V, abd distention, obstipation are classic sx of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bilious vomiting noted on 1st day of life, double bubble sign on abd Xray |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when should infants go from formula to milk? |
|
Definition
| 1 year, unless they are underweight |
|
|
Term
| Drooling, sore throat, difficulty swallowing, stridor, fever? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Blood/throat culture
CBC - shows elevated WBC
neck Xray - thumb sign |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hospitalization - usually ICU
IV Rocephin (or another 3rd cphspn) or Unasyn |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Viral is most common - other causes = bacterial, allergies, inhaled irritant, reflux from stomach |
|
|
Term
| Mild cold then few days later - barking cough, labored breathing, stridor, worse @ night |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
wheezing, chest retractions
steeple sign on XRAY |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cool moist air
tylenol
Racemic epi/oral dexamethasone |
|
|
Term
| Cough, wheezing, fatigue, fever, shortness of breath, tachypnea, intracostral retractions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
holds head up, turns head to side while prone
moves in response to sound
regards face |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
head lags on pull to sitting
tracks 180 degrees
smiles
holds head midline
responds to voice |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
supports self on forearms in prone
holds head up while prone
reaches for people
pre-reach with fingers/toes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
sits w truncal support
rolls over
grasps objects and brings to mouth
laughs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
sits on own
grasps and transfers objects
babbles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
sits alone
pulls to stand
crawls
waves bye bye
says mama, dada |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
stands, walks with hand held
pincer grasp
mama, dada + 2 other words |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
walks alone
crawls up stairs
points
uses 4-6 words |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
says no, knows 10 word vocab
knows a few body parts
walks downstairs
feeds self |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
50 word vocab
turns pages
listens to stories1 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| gold standard for ADHD testing? |
|
Definition
Conner's scale
Neuropsych testing not routinely recommended. |
|
|
Term
| when do most kids stop breath holding spells? |
|
Definition
| half by age 4, 83% by age 8 |
|
|
Term
| Jaundice is visible when bilirubin level reaches? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bilirubin toxicity when level reaches ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| signs of normal hydration in a baby? |
|
Definition
| 3 stools/day, 6 wet diapers/day |
|
|
Term
| treatment for Crigler-Najjar pt with hyperbilirubin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CXR showing ground glass appearence and air bronchograms? |
|
Definition
| respiratory distress syndrome |
|
|
Term
| CXR wtih streaky perihilar shadows caused by dilated lymphatics or visible fluid densties |
|
Definition
| transient tachypnea of the newborn |
|
|
Term
| infant should double their birth weight by how many months? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| by 12 mos, infant will _____ their birth weight? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| by 2 years, infant will ______ birth weight |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| workup for infant <3 mos with fever? |
|
Definition
| CBC + diff, ESR, blood culture, LP, CXR, UA + culture, stool culture |
|
|
Term
| antibiotic treatment for fever <3mos |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if child 3-24 mos presents wtih temp >103 degrees - |
|
Definition
| get blood cultures, CBC, etc |
|
|
Term
| Reye's syndrome is most harmful to what organs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| risk factors for neonatal septicemia? |
|
Definition
| PROM, amnionitis, preemie |
|
|
Term
| Most common bacteria causing sepsis in neonates? |
|
Definition
GROUP B STREP!
E coli, listeria, enterococcus |
|
|
Term
| shaken babies classically present wtih ? |
|
Definition
retinal hemorrhages!
long bone/rib fx
CNS dysfx |
|
|
Term
| Crying >3 hours/day for more than 3d/w over 3w period wtih normal exam |
|
Definition
| colic - try hypoallergenic formula |
|
|
Term
| Blood in diaper after first 2-3d of life? |
|
Definition
likely swallowed maternal blood
after 1st few days most are idiopathic |
|
|
Term
| DDx for no stool in 1st 48h of life |
|
Definition
stenosis/atresia
Hirschsprung dx
Meconium ileus |
|
|
Term
| Constipation after birth in the 1st month of life? |
|
Definition
Hirschprung dx
Hypothyroid
Anal stenosis |
|
|
Term
| tx for diaper dermatitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long to treat pts with otitis media? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| common pathogens causing pneumonia in <1 month old? |
|
Definition
group B strep
e coli
klebsiella
gram negative enteric bacilli |
|
|
Term
| common causes of pneumonia in 1-24m old? |
|
Definition
RSV
viruses
s pneumo
s pyogenes
s aureus
h flu |
|
|
Term
| tx for bacterial pneumonia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| drug of choice for status epilepticus? |
|
Definition
| lorazepam, then long term phenobarb |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| consider intracranial mass, get head CT/MRI |
|
|
Term
| Most common pediatric skin infection that presents to the ER? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
I+D
Bactrim, cipro, dixy
clorhexadine sponge baths
Mipriocin cream intranasally 2/d x2w |
|
|
Term
| antibiotic treatment for animal bites? cat scratch? |
|
Definition
bites - Augmentin or Bactrim + Clinda
scratch - Azithro |
|
|
Term
| Pt with bone pain, fever, limp? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| workup for osteomyelitis can include? |
|
Definition
| blood culture, Xray of the bone |
|
|
Term
| 15 yo overweight male who has pain at hip referred to the thigh and knee |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hip disorder usually in males 4-9 that leads to avascular necrosis of femoral head? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| apophysitis of tibial tubercule from stress, usually 10-15y |
|
Definition
| osgood-schlatter, tx is rest |
|
|
Term
| What are the criteria for admitting a pt to hospital with a UTI |
|
Definition
child <3 mos
any age with dehydration
urinary foreign body/stent |
|
|
Term
| Scrotal pain wtih absent creamsteric reflex? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Infants should ride rear facing in the car until what age/weight? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common cause of death in kids <1y |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1st pap smear should be done when? |
|
Definition
| 3 years after initiation of sex or age 21 |
|
|
Term
| Treatment for labial adhesion? |
|
Definition
| topical estrogen applied BID x2w then QHS x1w |
|
|
Term
| Treatment for urethral prolapse? |
|
Definition
| estrogen cream or topical antibiotic cream |
|
|
Term
Vaginal itching, watery discharge, small pink/white papular lesions that form laterger plaquelike lesions that are scaly
Waxes/wanes and usually resplves in puberty |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 6 yo child presents with breast development but no pubic hair development, what is workup? |
|
Definition
| evaluate for estrogen producing ovarian tumor, ingestion of estrogen compounds, and precocious puberty |
|
|
Term
| Virilization of newborn, especially when accompanied by hyperpigmentation shoud prompt lab investigation for -? |
|
Definition
| salt losing adrenal hyperplasa, need urgent endo referral |
|
|
Term
| vagina pH levels are _____ with BV and trich, are _______ wtih candida |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common pattern of scoliosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pain with running/climbing stairs, pain when knee is flexed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fx thru physis but exiting across metaphysis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fx thru physis but exiting across the epiphysis into joint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fx extending across metaphysis, physis, epiphysis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Test used to reduce a recently dislocated hip |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tx for subluxated hips/dysplastic hips? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| painless limp, + trendelemburg, delayed skeletal maturation and small for age |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| prominent intoeing on walking and frequent tripping; hips and knees are normal but lower leg and feet turn in |
|
Definition
| internal tibial torsion; tx is reassurance |
|
|
Term
| What is tx for genu valgum and varim? |
|
Definition
| will correct itself by 2 years, so reassurance |
|
|
Term
| Metatarsals are deviated medially, what is treatment? |
|
Definition
Mild - passive manipulation (wear shoes on opposite feet)
Moderate - stretching, special shoes
Severe - casting, surgry |
|
|
Term
| child's foot is dorsiflexed and everted, loss of longitudinal arch? |
|
Definition
| calcaneovalgus foot deformity |
|
|
Term
| calcaneovalgus deformity tx? |
|
Definition
| serial casting, special shoes |
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic criteria for neurofibromatosis 1? |
|
Definition
6+ cafe au lait macules
2+ neurofibromas
axillary/inguinal freckling
2+ lisch nodules (iris hamartomas)
osseous lesion
1st degree relative with NF-1 |
|
|
Term
| triad of fragile bones, blue sclera, early defness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 14 yo peresents with swelling and limited ROM, increased heat in several joints over the past 6w |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do the labs present with JRA? |
|
Definition
elevated ESR, CRP
leukocytosis
thrombocytosis
anemia of chronic dx |
|
|
Term
| what does positive rheumatoid factor signify for JRA pts? |
|
Definition
associated with onset of dx in older child with polyarticular involvment
poor prognosis - development of nodules and functional disability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 8yo presents with palpable purpura, arthritis, abd pain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is rash present in Henoch Schonlein? |
|
Definition
| hips and lower extremities |
|
|
Term
fever for 5+ days
conjunctivitis
rash
lymphadenopathy
injected pharynx/lips
hand and foot edema and erythema
fingertip desquamation |
|
Definition
| kawasaki syndrome dx criteria |
|
|
Term
| what is growth rate from 2y to adolescence? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Bone age is appropriate for chron age
Normal growth velocity
Pts height is appropriate for family pattern |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Bone age delayed
slow growth in 1st 3y of life
delay in onset of puberty
"late bloomer" |
|
Definition
| constitutional growth delay |
|
|
Term
| tx for central and nephrogenic diabetes insipirus |
|
Definition
central - DDVAP
nephrogenic - thiazides |
|
|
Term
| most common cause of precocious puberty? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Baby born with broad nasal bridge, thick lips, and umbilical hernia likely has? |
|
Definition
| Cretinism (low thyroid hm) |
|
|
Term
| Rounded facies, central obesity, buffalo hump, HTN, fatigue, thin wasted muscles, delayed bone maturation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Baby presents in respiratory distress and had pea-soup stained amnionic fluid, what tx is next? |
|
Definition
| child has had meconium aspiration and needs suction |
|
|
Term
| Sausage mass in abdomen and currant jelly stool? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is pyloric stenosis dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| diaper rash is usually caused by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Infant presents with tachypnea, cough, fever, rhinorrhea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what level must jaundice reach to be visible? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common cause of SIDS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pt presents with erythametous rash around injection site of vaccine (give 24h prior). What is treatment? |
|
Definition
| Keflex and Prednisone - may be bacterial infection or response to vax. |
|
|
Term
| Elevated levels of insulin present during hypoglycemia is? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Hyperglycemia
ketonemia
ketonuria
met acidosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Important complication of DKA to keep in mind |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common urethral anomaly? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Accumulation of fluid in tunica vaginalis; transilluminates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surgery if it lasts >18mos, otherwise will resolve spontaneously |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ligation of spermatic vein
varicoelectomy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
coxsackie B
mumps
trauma
tx is supportive |
|
|
Term
| what causes epididymitis? |
|
Definition
| chlamydia/gonorrhea - tx is rocephin and doxy |
|
|
Term
| all children <6y with UTI need what diagnostic testing? |
|
Definition
renal ultrasound
VCUG (give abx prophylaxis until vcug performed) |
|
|
Term
| what is vesicouretral reflux? |
|
Definition
| abnl mvmt of urine from bladder --> ureters --> kidney bc of leaky valves or high vesicular pressure |
|
|
Term
what grade VUR -
reflux with non dilated ureter? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what grade VUR -
reflux into ureter/renal pelvis/calicies withOUT dilation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what grade VUR -
mild/moderate dilation of ureter/pelvis wtih minimal blunting of fornices |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what grade VUR -
dilation of renal pelvis/calicies with moderate uretral tortuosity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what grade VUR -
gross dilation fo ureter/pelvis/calicies, uretral tortuosity and loss of papillary impressions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tx for Berger's dx (IgA nephropthy) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are causes of glomerulonephritis? |
|
Definition
IgA nephropathy
postinfectious glomerulonephritis
lupus
goodpastures syndrome |
|
|
Term
| pt with edema in periorbital and scrotal regions with HTN - be concerned about? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Proteinuria, decreased serum protein, peripheral edema, hyperlipidemia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MCC nephrotic syndrome in kids <10 y? |
|
Definition
| Minimal change dx - caused by allergy/meds/idiopathic |
|
|
Term
| what is most common type of renal failure in peds? |
|
Definition
prerenal, from dehydration
oliguria is hallmark |
|
|
Term
| heart defects associated wtih down's sydnrome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| heart defects assiciated with marfan syndrome? |
|
Definition
MVP
aortic aneurysm
aortic root dissection |
|
|
Term
| CHARGE association - what heart defects are associated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| heart defects associated wtih turner syndrome? |
|
Definition
Coarc of aorta
bicuspid aortic valve |
|
|
Term
| A child with rheumatic fever prevents with what type of rash? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which test is the most important for evaluating a pt with congenital heart dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what murmurs are systolic? |
|
Definition
AS
MR
systolic click
ASD/VSD
ejection sounds |
|
|
Term
| which murmurs are diastolic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Heart defects that have R to L shunt? |
|
Definition
tetralogy
transposition
tricuspid atresia |
|
|
Term
| Heart defects wtih L --> R shunt? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is still's murmur heard the best? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Musical/vibratory, low frequency systolic murmur occuring in healthy 3-6yo kids? |
|
Definition
| still's murmur - no cardio referral needed |
|
|
Term
| Minor turbulence of R ventricular outflow and pulmonary artery; blowing murmur? |
|
Definition
| pulmonary ejection murmur |
|
|
Term
| where is pulmonary ejection murmur loudest? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Continuous murmur heard in left infeaclavicular area. Disappears while lying sypine, intensity disappears wtih compression of jugular vein |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which murmurs are acyanotic? |
|
Definition
ASD
PDA
VSD
pulm stenosis
aortic stenosis
coarc of aorta |
|
|
Term
| Widely split S2; low pitched mid diastolic rumbling @ LLSB and SEM @ ulsb. CXR shows cardiomegaly and increased pulm artery vasculature. EKG shows RVH. murmur type? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bounding peripheral pulses, wide pulse pressure, rapid diastolic pressure delay. Early diastolic murmur. EKG findings = LVH/LAE. CXR shows increased pulm artery size |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Loud, harsh pansystolic murmur loudest @ LLSB
EKG = LVH/LAE
CXR = cardiomegaly, LA enlargment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Systolic ejection murmur heard loudest @ ULSB; S2 is split; Systolic ejection click
EKG = RAD/RAH/RVH
CXR = post stenotic dilitation of pulm artery |
|
Definition
pulmonic stenosis
if mod/severe - need balloon dilation |
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Term
SEM loudest @ ULSB, bounding radial pulses, diminished femoral pulse
blood pressure elevated in arms |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| HTN, low BP in legs, claudication, HA, epistaxis |
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Term
| CXR signs of coarc of aorta? |
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Definition
cardiomegaly
rib notching
bost coarc dilitation |
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Term
| aortic stenosis presents wtih classic triad of? |
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Definition
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|
Term
SEM with systolic thrill loudest @ RUSB
narrowed pulse pressure
CXR is usually normal |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Increased pulmonary resistance refering a L to R shunt to R to L |
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Definition
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Term
| Cardiac anomalies that can cause eisenmenger's syndrome? |
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Definition
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Term
| Heart abnormality where CXR shows boot shaped heart and decreased pulmonary vasculature markings? |
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Definition
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Term
| Blood enters thru R atrium but can't enter RV so goes into LA thru ASD |
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Definition
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Term
Systolic murmur causing neonatal cyanosis
Hypoplastic RV
MUST have ASD/PDA/VSD to be compatible with life
loudest @ LLSB |
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Definition
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Term
| O2 poor blood pumped out from R side of heart |
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Definition
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Term
Causes neonatal cyanosis, Loud single S2
EKG = RVH
CXR = egg on a string, increased pulm vasculature, narrowed mediastinum |
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Definition
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Term
| Both ventricles outflow thru a common arterial trunk mixing oxygenated/deoxygenated blood |
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Definition
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|
Term
Pansystolic murmur with systolic ejection click
Loudest @ LLSB/apex
CXR = cardiomegaly and increased pulm vasculature |
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Definition
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Term
| Blood from teh pulmonary veins returns to the superior vena cava |
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Definition
| total anomalous pulmonary venous connection |
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Term
| why are the lungs damaged in TAPVC? |
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Definition
| bc increased blood goes from pulmonary veins back to R side of heart and then to lungs again - this stresses the lungs and eventually causes damage |
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Term
Murmur loudest @ LLSB
systolic ejection murmur with wide split S2
CXR = snowman, increased pulm vasculature
EKG = RAH, RVH, RAD |
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Definition
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Term
| what are major Jones criteria? |
|
Definition
major =
poly arthritis
carditis
chorea
erythema marginatum
subQ nodules |
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Term
| Tx for acute rheumatic fver? |
|
Definition
bedrest
penicillin
NSAID/ASA for pain
Corticosteroids if severe carditis
recommended PCN prophylax thruout adolescence |
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Term
| Precordial pain relieved by leaning forward |
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Definition
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|
Term
Fever
New/changing mmurmur
splenomegaly
splinger hemorrhages
hematuria
petechiae/osler node/janeway lesion |
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Definition
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Term
| Most important factor for prevention of infective endocarditis? |
|
Definition
proper dental hygine!
prophylax pt with congenital/rheumatic heart dx
Amoxil 2g or 50mg/kg |
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|
Term
| when can hyperlipidemia be treated in kids? |
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Definition
| >10 y wtih bile acid sequesterants after failure of diet therapy |
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Term
| DDX for chest pain in peds? |
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Definition
pericarditis
Kawasaki's dx
MVP
Aortic Aneurysm in Marfans pt
Cocaine ingestion
Costochondritis
Acid reflux
stress and anxiety |
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Term
| Xerosis, pityriasis alba, keratosis pilaris, and lichenification are all manifestations of? |
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Definition
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Term
| Tx for atopic dermatitis: |
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Definition
moisturizers - euerin, cetaphil, keri
antihistamines - atarax, zyrtec
corticosteroids - hydrocortisone
abx - keflex, dicloxacillin |
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Term
| Most common food allergies in peds? |
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Definition
milk
egg
soy
wheat
peanuts
fish |
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Term
| Tx of Mild PERSISTENT asthma |
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Definition
short acting bronchodilator
inhaled corticosteroid (200-400ug/day) |
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Term
| Treatment of moderate persistent asthma? |
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Definition
SABA
inhaled corticosteroid (400-800 ug/d)
long acting bronchodilator is optional |
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Term
|
Definition
SABA
ICS
Leukotriene inhibitor
oral corticosteroid |
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Term
|
Definition
| malabsorbtion and steatorrhea |
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Term
| food sensitivities are mediated by what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of asthma presents with sx >2x/week but less than <1x/day, nocturnal sx >2x/month |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of asthma with daily sx, nocturnal sx >1/week |
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Definition
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Term
Cough progresses from dry to productive
Rhonchi
Malaise
WBC is normal |
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Definition
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Term
| Tx for acute bronchiolitis? |
|
Definition
albuterol, epi
possibly corticosteroids |
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Term
| Most common cause pneumonia in 1st few years of life? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
hilar/mediastinal adenopathy
segmental hyperinflation
atelectasis
alveolar consolidation
pleural effusion/cavitation |
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Term
| Antibiotic tx for pertussis? |
|
Definition
| erythromycin/clarithro/azithro |
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Term
| Confirmatory study for bronchiectasis? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
respiratory sx
failure to thrive
meconium ileus
acid base abnormalities
rectal prolapse
NASAL POLYPS |
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Term
| Vertical motion of a mass with swallowing and tounge protrusion? |
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Definition
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Term
| Tx for persistent middle ear effusion >3-4 mos with hearing loss? |
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Definition
| myringotomy and tube insertion |
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Term
| TM looks thickened, shiny, retracted; presents with clear effusion |
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Definition
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Term
| Trapped epithelial tissue that grows beneath surface of the membrane? What is the tx? |
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Definition
cholesteatoma
tx - surgical removal to avoid erosion |
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Term
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Definition
| old retained tympanostomy tube |
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Term
| Imaging for diagnosis of mastoiditis? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
IV antibiotics, hospital admit
Rocephin/Clindamycin
Mastoidectomy if severe |
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Term
| Infants are obligate nose breathers for how long? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Most common bugs in bacterial sinusitis? |
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Definition
strep pneumo
h flu
m catarralis |
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Term
3 yo child presents with eyelid and periorbital swelling, area is red and tender
conjunctivitis and discharge also present
what is dx? |
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Definition
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Term
| Tx for acute tonsillopharyngitis (bacterial)? |
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Definition
| 10d course of PCN/amoxil/erythromycin |
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Term
| Present with fever, severe sore throat on one side, pain radiates to the ipsilateral ear, dysphagia, increased saliva to avoid swallowing, ipsilateral lymph node tenderness, and torticollis, tilting the head, trismus, and speech is thick and muffled |
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Definition
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Term
Lateral neck x-ray taken on inspiration with neck in extension shows widening of the prevertebral soft tissues
history of acute febrile URI/pharyngitis
what is dx? |
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Definition
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Term
Child presents with persistent cough/stridor, wheeze
CXR shows mediastinal shift toward L lung
dx? |
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Definition
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Term
| Dirty brown scales on flank/elbow/shoulder |
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Definition
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Term
Small pustules on erythametous bases appearing 3-5d after birth
resolve in 1-2w |
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Definition
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Term
Small white papules on nose/cheeks/forehead/chin
Resolve in 1-2 mos |
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Definition
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Term
Caused by block of sweat glands
Flushed macular rash on face/scalp/diaper area |
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Definition
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Term
| When should anterior fontanelle close? posterior? |
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Definition
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Term
Small mandible and tounge, clefted soft palate
Prone position helps control resp distress |
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Definition
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Term
| average heart rate in newborn? |
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Definition
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Term
| Prominent kidneys in newborn suggest? |
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Definition
hydronephrosis
cystic kidney dx |
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Term
| maneuver used to dislocate the hip wtih posterior pressure |
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Definition
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Term
| maneuver that identifies the hip that is dislocated/subluxed |
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Definition
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Term
| + ortolani/barlow should prompt what diagnostic study? |
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Definition
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Term
| all states screen infants after birth for which disorders? |
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Definition
Phenylketonuria
Cong. adrenal hyperplasia
galactosemia
hypothyroidism |
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Term
infant born with collodion membrane
scaling over face/trunk/extremities
autosomal dominant disorder |
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Definition
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Term
| Moderate to severe mental regardation, hyperactivity, seizures, autism, hypopigmentation |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| lactose/galactose free diet |
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Term
Large for gestational age infant
hypoglycemia during infancy
creases and pits in earlobes
asymetric limbs
organomegaly
large tounge |
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Definition
| beckwith-wiedmann syndrome |
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Term
| severe mental retardation, developmental delay, poor language skills, paroxysmal laughing, seizures |
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Definition
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Term
Type of poisoning with:
mucosa irritation
vomiting/diarrhea
cyanosis, resp distress
tachycardia
fever
CNS depression |
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Definition
| hydrocarbons - avoid emetics |
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Term
| Antidote for acetaminophen? |
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Definition
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Term
| 1st line tx for most ingested poisons? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| where is rash commonly found in childhood atopic dermatitis? |
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Definition
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Term
Rash wtih symmetrical eryption, usually on arms and legs
Initially they are dusky red wheals but then turn into target lesions
result from hypersensitivity, infection, herpes |
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Definition
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Term
| Red swollen tender nail fold |
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Definition
| paronychia - usually staph/strep, from nail biting |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Sore throat, fever, malaise, vesicular lesions on pharynx |
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Definition
| herpangina, caused by coxsackie virus |
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Term
| difference btwn central and peripheral cyanosis? |
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Definition
| central cyanosis has low O2 sat with pulse ox |
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Term
| gold standard to diagnose acute cholecystitis? |
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Definition
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Term
| MCC upper GI tract hemorrhage? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which valve most commonly affected by endocarditis? |
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Definition
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Term
| MCC acute bacterial endocarditis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Diarrhea associated with shingles caused by? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| group a b hemolytic strep |
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Term
| Staccato cough with hx of conjunctivities in 1st few wks after birth? |
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Definition
| pneumonia caused by chlamydia trachomatis |
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Term
| 1st line tx for seizures in kids? |
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Definition
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Term
| Triad associated with acute pericardial tamponade? |
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Definition
hypotension
elevated CVP
tachycardia |
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Term
| MCC pulsus paradoxus in child? |
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Definition
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Term
| RBC with basophilic stipping occurs with? |
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Definition
thalassemia
lead poisoning |
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Term
Non gonofccal urethritis
polyarthritis
conjunctivitis |
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Definition
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Term
| Syncope is characteristic of which valvular dx? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Increased sodium excretion, can't concentrate urine
Dehydration
Deficiency of cortisol |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
increased PTT/PT
increased fibrin degradation products
decreased fibrinogen
decreased platelets |
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Term
| when should newborns stop losing weight? |
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Definition
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Term
| Hookworm associated with which kind of anemia? |
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Definition
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Term
| DOC for wolf parkinson white/a flutter |
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Definition
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Term
| Frequent complicatino of ethmoid sinusitis? |
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Definition
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Term
| MCC painless lower GI bleeding? |
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Definition
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Term
| An infant has a hemangioma of the upper eyelid which is causing physical obstruction of the eye. Unrelieved obstruction can cause a permanent decrease in visual acuity as early as: |
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Definition
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Term
| he most appropriate time to evaluate an acetaminophen level after the reported ingestion to determine if therapy is indicated is |
|
Definition
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Term
| A 5-year-old male presents to your office with a 5-day history of rash and pain in his perianal region. He has been well prior to this condition. Since the onset of the rash, he has complained of itching around his anus and bloody streaks in his stools. He has been treated with an over the counter antifungal cream and has no known drug allergies. His exam is normal with the exception of an intensely erythematous, moist, tender, well-demarcated rash that is confluent from the anus outward. The most likely cause is |
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Definition
| group a beta hemolytic strep |
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Term
| Which of the following is the most common cause of secondary amenorrhea in adolescents? |
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Definition
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Term
| the first sign of puberty in the male human is |
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Definition
| increase in testicular size |
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Term
| A child comes to your office for a routine physical exam. The child is able to walk with one hand held, picks up a pellet with a pincer movement of forefinger and thumb and releases it upon request, says "mama" and "dada," and is able to play a simple ball game. How old is this child? |
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Definition
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Term
| Exposure to rubella (intrauterine) can cause |
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Definition
| hese include congenital cataracts, glaucoma, deafness, cardiac malformations, microcephaly, microphthalmia, and tooth defects. The earlier in the pregnancy this exposure occurs, the worse the resulting defects. |
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Term
| which are the live viruses? |
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Definition
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Term
Conjunctivitis
Pharyngeal pseudomembrane
Bullneck
Myocarditis |
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Definition
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Term
| If 4th DtaP vax is after 4th birthday is 5th vax needed? |
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Definition
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Term
| how should Tdap and Td be dosed in kids >11? |
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Definition
| Tdap given once then Td used as booster q10 years |
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Term
| Tdap given to a child <7 yo, as DTaP dose #1, 2, or 3 - Is this valid? |
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Definition
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Term
Tdap given to a child <7yo, as DTaP dose # 4 or 5
is this valid? |
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Definition
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Term
| MMR valid if given before 12mos? |
|
Definition
| NO. must be given after a year. second dose is valid if given >4wk after 1st dose |
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Term
| Most common complications of the mumps? |
|
Definition
male infertility - if bilateral orchitis
meningoencephalitis!! |
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|
Term
| When is the age cutoff for Hib vax? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| when should pneumococcal vax be given? |
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Definition
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Term
| Vesicular and ulcerative lesions surrounded by a red ring; occurs @ tonsilar pillars/soft palate |
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Definition
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Term
| Complications of varicella? |
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Definition
encephalitis, acute cerebellar ataxia
Reye's syndrome
Progressive varicella w systemic involvement |
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Term
| Rotavirus vax should not be started in kids older than ____ weeks? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Dose 3 of rotavirus must be given no later than ___ months |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Schedule for gardasil vaccine? |
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Definition
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|
Term
Discrete pink red maculopapular rash on face, spreads to body
Fever
Malaise
HA/sore throat
adenopathy
Forchheimer spots (red spots on soft palate) |
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Definition
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|
Term
Koplik spots on buccal mucosa
Fever/malaise
Conjunctivitis
Rash satrting @ hairline and spreading to body, ultiamtely to palms and soles |
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Definition
| rubeola (ordinary measles) |
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Term
| Advice for unvaccinated child who has come into contact with rubeola pt? |
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Definition
vax will prevent disease if given in 72h of contact
Immune globulin will prevent/modify dx if given w/in 6days |
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|
Term
Red rash over cheeks
Raised lacy red rash over extremities/trunk/butt
resolves in 3-7d |
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Definition
| erythema infectiosum (5th dx) |
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Term
| Erythema migrans is seen with what? |
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Definition
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|
Term
An ulcerative skin infxn penetrates more deeply than impetigo
MCC is Group a b-hemolytic strep |
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Definition
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|
Term
Superficial abscess that develops underneath the cuticle or along the nail fold of the finger or toe
Cause: staph/strep |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Cause of osteomyelitis in sickle cell pts? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common pathogens in osteomyelitis? |
|
Definition
s aureus
b-hemolytic strep
consider pseudomonas if puncture wound in foot |
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|
Term
cause of septic arthritis in -
neonate
1m-2y
2-5y |
|
Definition
neonate = staph
1-2m = strep
2-5y = staph |
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Term
| 90% of septic arthritis cases arise from ? |
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Definition
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|
Term
Neuro dx with:
SEIZURES!!
mental retardation
intracranial calicification
sebacous adenomas (tiny red nodules over nose/cheeks - looks like acne) |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
fasting glucose
calcium
magnesium
serum electrolyte levels |
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|
Term
Asynchronous clonic or tonic movements, and they tend to involve the face, neck, and extremities
Remains concious
no postictal stage
10-20s |
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Definition
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|
Term
Persists 1-2 minutes
May begin with a simple partial seizure with or without an aura, followed by impaired consciousness
Unable to communicate
May stop activity
Automatisms are common |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Febrile seuzire >15m suggests? |
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Definition
| organic cause - toxic/infectious, this requires a complete workup |
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Term
| How long does it take to wean pt off seizure drugs? |
|
Definition
| 3-6mos, abrupt withdrawl can cause status epilepticus! |
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|
Term
| failure of closure of the neural and vertebral elements |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
child that drags legs
does not pull to stand
scissoring posture of legs? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| erythema infectiosum is seen with? |
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Definition
| 5th disease (slapped cheeks) |
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Term
| MCC childhood movement dx? |
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Definition
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