Term
| What is a Pigg-O-Stat and what is it used for? |
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Definition
| It's a commonly used immobilization apparatus for erect chest and abdomen procedures on infants and small children. |
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Term
| What technique should always be used for pediatric patients and why? |
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Definition
| Always use short exposure times and as high mA as possible to minimize image blurring that may result from motion. |
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Term
| The primary centers of bone formation/ossification appear when and what are they called? |
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Definition
| Appear before birth. And the primary centers become diaphysis (shaft or body) of long bones. |
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Term
| What is the name for the secondary center of ossification? And what does this center involve? |
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Definition
| Epiphysis. And this secondary center usually involves the ends of long bones. |
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Term
| What is the place called between the diaphysis and the epiphysis and is made up of cartilage? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are the epiphseal plates found and how long can you find them there. |
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Definition
| Found between the diaphysis and the epiphysis until skeletal growth is complete upon full maturity, which is normally about age 25. |
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Term
| What should always be done for a child before the image is taken. |
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Definition
| Child should always be shielded with contact type shields. |
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Term
| What safeguards should be used in radiation protection for the children? |
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Definition
| Close collimation, low dosage techniques, and a minimum number of exposures. |
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Term
| What must be done is the parent is remaining in the room for assistance? |
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Definition
| The parent must be provided with lead gloves, lead apron, and MUST be asked (if female) whether she is pregnant. |
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Term
| What is the kVp range and exposure time for the AP/PA chest for a child? |
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Definition
| 70-80 kV and shortest exposure time possible. |
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Term
| Where is the CR for chest x-rays on a child? |
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Definition
| CR is centered to the mamillary (nipple) line. |
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Term
| What is the SID for chest x-rays of children? |
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Definition
| SID is 50-60in and tube raised as high as possible. |
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Term
| What is a horizontal beam used to visualize on a chest image? |
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Definition
| Air-fluid levels, such as a hemothorax or for pulmonary edema. |
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Term
| What is the kV range for the lateral chest position? |
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Definition
| 75-80kV with shortest exposure time |
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Term
| If a Tam-em board is used and the patient is supine, what must be done? |
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Definition
| The tube must be adjusted for a horizontal beam projection, and place vertical cassette against the lateral wall of the chest. Do not change the patient's position. |
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Term
| Where is the CR positioned with the use of the Tam-em board? |
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Definition
| X-ray tube is centered horizontal beam lateral position to midcoronal plane of the thorax at the level of the mammillary line. |
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Term
| When should the Pigg-O-Stat not be used? |
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Definition
| When the child is a newborn or cannot hold their head up. |
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Term
| What is included on the upper limb of an image of an infant/young child? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the kV range for the upper limb? |
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Definition
| 55-65kV, w/ shortest exposure time. |
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Term
| For the lateral lower limbs, if the patient is supine, place the cassette which way for bilateral limbs? |
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Definition
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Term
| For bilateral limbs, how should the patient's part be positioned? |
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Definition
| Abduct both limbs into "frog leg" position. Immobilize with tape or compression band across knees and/or ankles. |
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Term
| What is another name for "club feet"? |
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Definition
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Term
| When positioning "club feet" for the AP or Lateral position, what should not be done? |
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Definition
| No attempt to straighten the foot. |
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Term
| What is the kV range for AP and Lateral pelvis of a child? |
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Definition
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Term
| What device can and is most often preferred to be used for erect chest images and erect abdomen? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Lateral Decubitus abdomen and Dorsal Decubitus abdomen used to see? |
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Definition
| Possible calcifications, masses, or other anomalies. |
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Term
| What structures are shown on a Lateral/Dorsal Decubitus abdomen? |
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Definition
| Air fluid levels within abdomen. Diaphragm included along with pelvis/hips. |
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Term
| What is a Ventral Decubitus of abdomen used to see? |
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Definition
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