Term
|
Definition
| Non-progressive but often changing impairment syndrome caused by non-progressive defect, anomaly, or lesion of the developing brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Whole body involved LE's more involved than UE's |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Whole body involved
trunk and extremities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Only one side of body is involved |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Only one UE or one LE involved
very rare |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Three extremities involved
often one UE spared |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Both LE's involved
true form very rare
usually diplegia with UE involvement so mild it isnt noticed |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of Spastic CP (Hypertonic) |
|
Definition
-Decreased tone neck and trunk
-increased tone in extremities excessive sustained muscle contractions with certain muscle groups tending to overpower others co-contraction occurs with voluntary effort movements slow
-labored but mostly accurate - small ranges |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of Athetoid CP |
|
Definition
-global decrease tone
-proximal to distal fluctuating
-muscle tone in extremities
-very low to high movements occur between one extreme of range to the other
-little control in midranges
-difficulty co-activating to get smooth reciprical motion movement tends to be very asymmetrical and forceful |
|
|
Term
| characteristics of Ataxic CP |
|
Definition
-muscle tone fluctuates from low to low normal
-disturbance in balance and kinesthesia
-may have tremor and dysmetria
-disorganized movements
-movement away from midline is difficult because cannot control center of mass |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of Hypotonic CP |
|
Definition
-start out hypotonic and develop patterns of spastic or athetosis
-if remained hypotonic are called "floppy babies"
-hypotonia ranges from mild to severe
-have difficulty generating, grading and sustaining movement |
|
|
Term
| What is the 2nd most common birth defect after Down's syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a Myelomeningocele |
|
Definition
vertebral arch fails to close
spinal cord herniates through the vertebral column resulting in injury to the spinal cord |
|
|
Term
| what determines the degree of loss of motor and sensory function |
|
Definition
| the level of herniation and the resulting spinal nerve injury |
|
|
Term
| Associated problems with Myelomeningocele |
|
Definition
Arnold-Chiari malformation
Hydrocephalus
Orhtopedic deformities
Bowel and Bladder dysfunction
Tethered cord |
|
|
Term
| Arnold-Chiari Malformation |
|
Definition
| Herniation of part of the brain downward towards the foramen magnum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
CSF is obstructed and accumulates
causes pressure on the surrounding tissues |
|
|
Term
| Signs and symptoms of shunt malfunction in infants |
|
Definition
bulging fontanelle
high-pitched cry
sunset sign of the eye |
|
|
Term
| signs and symptoms of shunt malfunction in adults |
|
Definition
| edema and redness along shunt tract |
|
|
Term
| examples of orthopedic deformities in a patient with Down's syndrome |
|
Definition
club foot
dislocated hips and congenital contractions
deformities resulting from lack of movement, asymmetrical or absent muscle function, the force of gravity, and congenital predisposing situations |
|
|
Term
| Why does a person with spina bifida have an increased chance of latex allergy |
|
Definition
| many years of catheterization and other medical procedures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fixation of the spinal cord in an abnormal location
usually associated with scar tissue
usually associated with scar tissue
as the person grows the spinal cord is stretched and distorted resulting in ischemia |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment apporach for myelomeningocele |
|
Definition
aproach in a manner of:
a child with developmental delay
and
a child with a spinal cord injury |
|
|
Term
| What are the major PT goals for Myelomeningocele |
|
Definition
-Prevent contractures and skin breakdown
-facilitate normal sensorimotor development
-increase independent mobility
-introduce compensatory strategies
-increase independence in ADLs
-parent education |
|
|
Term
| What does Down's syndrome present as? |
|
Definition
a child with:
developmental delay
Hypotonia
Ataxia |
|
|
Term
| Associated problems with Down's syndrome |
|
Definition
| Cardiovascular anomalies (40%), Immune defeciency, hearing loss, visual loss, Orthopedic problems, Speech and language delays, cognitive delays, feeding problems, cerebellar dysfunction, respiratory problems |
|
|
Term
| Visual problems associated with Down's syndrome |
|
Definition
Myopia
Strabismus
Cataracts: congenital and adult onset |
|
|
Term
| What causes the orthopedic problems in Down's syndrome |
|
Definition
generalized hypotonia
ligamentous laxity |
|
|
Term
| What joint has a propensity for instability in Down's syndrome patients |
|
Definition
atlantoaxial joint
subluxation or dislocation with flexion motion |
|
|
Term
| what contributes to the delayed development of mobility and fine motor skills in Down's syndrome |
|
Definition
| problems at hips, knees and other joints from ligamentous laxity and hypotonia |
|
|
Term
| What is a common cerebellar dysfunction with Down's syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Treatment focus for INFANTS with Down's syndrome |
|
Definition
developing early motor skills
parent/caregiver education for consistent carryover |
|
|
Term
| Treatment focus for TODDLERS/PRESCHOOL age children with Down's syndrome |
|
Definition
Gaining quality of movement
locomotion: proximal control over distal coordination |
|
|
Term
| Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy |
|
Definition
| Hereditary myopathy characterized by progressive muscular weakness, deterioration of muscle fiber, and replacement of muscle fiber with fibrous & fatty tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cardiac and GI muscles involved
Tendon reflexes regress to weak and then none
NO SENSORY LOSS
Muscle innervated by cranial nerves are spared(except SCM)
Bowel and bladder spared |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| symmetrical and progresses proximal to distal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- early signs of muscle weakness begin to be noticed
- gradual delay in developmental milestones, often between ages 2-6
- delayed coordination
- slow, labored gross motor activities
- walking becomes slower
- child tires more easily |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Maintain strength in proximal muscles
- Maintain flexibilty
- good nutrition
- parent education important to accomplish goals |
|
|
Term
Phase II DMD
"Postural change" |
|
Definition
- will continue muscle weakness and functional loss
- will see anterior pelvic tilt, wide base of support, shoulders and head arched to balance in standing
- child moves using momentum and lateral sway rather than weight shifts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Maintain muscle strength as lon as possible
- position becomes very important as child moves less
- start considering alternative mobility and AD to conserve effort
- flexibilty becomes greater concern as mobility decreases
- scoliosis may begin showing
- respiratory management become important |
|
|
Term
Phase III DMD
"Non-ambulatory phase" |
|
Definition
- 90% of day using a wheelchair
- UE weakness more apparent
- accelerated development of joint contractures secondary to sitting for long periods of time and to decreased independent mobility
- marked difficulty with ADL's |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- positioning to promote as much function as possible
- Scoliosis may progress from flexible to fixed
- prevent subluxation of shoulders
- promote all possible active joint movement
- ambulation vs non-ambulation
- weight control and good nutrition important
- more assistive technology
- respiratory care paramount concern |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- persists beyond when it should be integrated
- reappears after having been integrated
- absent when it should be present |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- dominates movement when it should have been integrated
- individual is unable to volitionally change the response
- reflex become part of the motor learning process |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 28 wks gestation - 5 months |
|
|
Term
| time frame Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| time frame Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (STNR) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Time frame Tonic Labyrinthine Supine Reflex |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| time frame Optical Righting |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Time frame Labyrinthine Righting |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Time frame Parachute reflex |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| persistant Moro interferes with |
|
Definition
- balance reactions in sitting
- protective reaction in sitting |
|
|
Term
| Persistant ATNR interferes with |
|
Definition
- feeding
- bilateral & midline use of hands
- rolling
-development of crowling |
|
|
Term
| persistent STNR interferes with |
|
Definition
- ability to prop on arms in prone
- attaining & maintaining hand-and-knees
- reciprocal creeping |
|
|
Term
| persistant TLR interferes with |
|
Definition
- segmental rolling
- come to sit from supine
- prop on arms in prone with extended hips |
|
|
Term
| persistent positive support, flexor withdrawal, extensor thrust interfere with |
|
Definition
- standing and walking
- blanance reaction and weight shift in standing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| development characterized by limited variation of motor strategies and limited ability to vary motor behavior to address a specific situation |
|
|
Term
| Factors that increase the likelihood that a child will have some kind of developmental problem |
|
Definition
- established risks
- environmental risks
- biological risks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- hydrocephalus
- microcephaly
- chromosomal abnormalities
- musculoskeletal abnormalities
- multiple births >twins
- brachial plexus injuries
- myelodysplasia
- congential myopathies and myotonic dystrophy
- inborn errors of metabolism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- single parent
- parental age less than 17 years
- poor quality infant-parent attachment
- maternal problems: drug or alcohol abuse
- mother's health
- behavioral state abnormalities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- muscle tone abnormalities
- feeding dysfunction
- meningitis
- intracranial (intrventricular) hemorrhage
- TORCH
- ventilator >36 hours
- asphyxia
- prematurity
- recurrent neonatal seizures (3 or more)
- |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| intrauterine or earlier neonatal infections in the mother |
|
|
Term
| What does TORCH stand for |
|
Definition
Toxoplasmosis
Other: syphilis, Hep B, Lyme Dz, HIV
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes simplex type II |
|
|
Term
Intraventricular Hemorrhage
(IVH) |
|
Definition
Graded I-IV
grades III or IV most common brain lesion in infants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hemorrhage in germinal matrix
minimal ventricular bleed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bleed in 10-15% of inraventricular area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bleed in greater than 50% of ventricular area with distention |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bleed extends into parenchyma
most severe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- low oxygenation and structural support of blood vessels
- changes in blood pressure during the birth process
- asphyxia
- stress of too much handling and invasive medical procedures |
|
|
Term
| what is considered premature/ preterm |
|
Definition
| gestational age less than 37 weeks |
|
|
Term
| when is a fetus considered viable |
|
Definition
around 26 weeks
lung function is not complete until 28 weeks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Heart Rate
Respiatory effort
Muscle Tone
reflex Irritability
Color |
|
|
Term
| When is the APGAR test performed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does a score of 8 mean on APGAR |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does a score of 3-4 on APGAR mean? |
|
Definition
| bag and mask ventilation to resuscitate |
|
|
Term
| Problems associated with prematurity |
|
Definition
- aphyxia
- IVH
- Ventilator requirement and RDS
- BPD
- feeding problems
- NEC
- PDA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-prevent skin breakdown
-minimize contractures and improve alignment
-provide a stable postion while allowing active movement where active movement is possible (dynamic positioning)
-allow interaction with the environment
-provide a position for relaxation (static positioning) |
|
|
Term
| What are the negative effects of staying in a position for too long |
|
Definition
-skin breakdown
-contractures
-boredome and discomfort
-learned helplessness |
|
|
Term
| Hwat are the general guidelines for positioning |
|
Definition
-position for a specific environment and activity
-head, trunk, and extremities kept in midline as much as possible
-extremities supported, as neede, and encourage to come to midline |
|
|
Term
| Pelvis and hip position in supine |
|
Definition
-pelvis in line with trunk
-hips in 30 to 90 degrees of flexion
-neutral rotation of pelvis
-hips symmetrically abducted 10 to 20 degrees |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-straight
-shoulders in line with hips
-neutral rotation of trunk |
|
|
Term
| Head and neck position in supine |
|
Definition
-head in neutral position
-facing forward
-slight cervical flexion |
|
|
Term
| Shoulder and arm position in supine |
|
Definition
-arms fully supported
-arms forward of trunk
-forearms rest on trunk or pillow |
|
|
Term
| legs and feet position in supine |
|
Definition
-knees supported in flexion
-feet held at 90 degrees |
|
|
Term
| Hips and pelvis position in prone |
|
Definition
-pelvis in line with trunk
-hips in extension
-neutral rotation of pelvis
-hips symmetrically abducted 10 to 20 degrees |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-straight
-shoulders in line with hips
-neutral rotation |
|
|
Term
| head and neck position in prone |
|
Definition
-head in neutral position
-facing to one side
-slight cervical flexion |
|
|
Term
| shoulders and arms position in prone |
|
Definition
-arms fully supported
-arms forward of trunk
-flexion at shoulders
-flexion at elbows |
|
|
Term
| Legs and feet position in prone |
|
Definition
-knees extended
-feet supported at 90 degrees |
|
|
Term
| pelvis and hip position in sidelying |
|
Definition
-pelvis in line with trunk
-hips in flexion
-neutral rotation
-hips in 10 to 20 degrees abduction |
|
|
Term
| trunk position in sidelying |
|
Definition
-straight
-shoulders in line with hips
-slight sidebending okay |
|
|
Term
| head and neck position in sidelying |
|
Definition
-head in neutral position
-facing forward
-slight cervical flexion |
|
|
Term
| shoulders and arm position in sidelying |
|
Definition
-both arms supported
-lower arm forward
-not lying on point of shoulder
-lower arm neutral rotation
-upper arm may have 0 to 40 degrees internal rotation |
|
|
Term
| legs and feet position in sidelying |
|
Definition
-knees in flexion
-feet positioned at 90 degrees
-pillow between knees |
|
|
Term
| Pelvis and hip position in sitting |
|
Definition
-pelvis in line with trunk
-hips at 90 degrees flexion
-neutral rotation of pelvis
-hips symmetrically abducted 10 to 20 degrees |
|
|
Term
| trunk position in sitting |
|
Definition
-straight
-shoulders over hips
-not rotated |
|
|
Term
| head and neck position in sitting |
|
Definition
-head in neutral position
-facing forward
-head evenly on shoulders |
|
|
Term
| shoulder and arm position in sitting |
|
Definition
-arms fully supported
-elbows in flexion
-zero to 45 degrees internally rotated shoulders |
|
|
Term
| legs and feet position in sitting |
|
Definition
-knees at 90 degrees
-ankles at 90 degrees
-feet fully supported
-thighs fully supported |
|
|
Term
| Pelvis and hips position in standing |
|
Definition
-pelvis in line with trunk
-hips neutral sagittal plane
-neutral rotation of pelvis
-hips neutral frontal plane |
|
|
Term
| trunk position in standing |
|
Definition
-trunk straight
-shoulders over hips
-no rotation |
|
|
Term
| head and neck position in standing |
|
Definition
-head in neutral position
-facing forward
-head evenly on shoulders |
|
|
Term
| arms and shoulders position in standing |
|
Definition
-arms supported
-shoulders in neutral rotation |
|
|
Term
| knees and feet position in standing |
|
Definition
-knees fully extended, not hyperextended
-ankle neutral
-subtalar joint neutral |
|
|
Term
| special position for low tone |
|
Definition
-do not leave the child in positions that require "fighting" gravity
-use gravity to assist in maintaining a position
-support the extremities
-provide postural support |
|
|
Term
| special position for high tone |
|
Definition
-avoid positions that stimulate primitive reflexes
-avoid positioning the pelvis in posterior tilt
-provide postural support that conforms to the child in order to contact and support areas of the body that will not conform to the support |
|
|
Term
| what does sec 504 of PL 93-112 passed in 1973 provide |
|
Definition
| facilitated the passage of legislation for provideing services for children with disabilities in public schools |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Free Appropriate Public Education
passed in 1975 in PL 94-142 |
|
|
Term
| what age group is covered by PL 94-142 passed in 1975 |
|
Definition
| 6-21 or 5-21 depending on the state laws for when children start school |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Individualized Education Program |
|
|
Term
| what does least restrictive environment mean |
|
Definition
| to the maximum extent possible, children are educated with their non-disabled peers |
|
|
Term
| What is the IDEA law passed in 1991 and 1997 stand for |
|
Definition
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Amendments
-included all children |
|
|
Term
| What doe part C of IDEIA provide for |
|
Definition
| children from birth to 3 years old |
|
|
Term
| What does part B of IDEIA provide for? |
|
Definition
| children from ages 3 - 21 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Early Childhood Intervention |
|
|
Term
| What is the ECI model's goal |
|
Definition
| promote development and learning while providing support to families |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Individualized Family Service Plan |
|
|
Term
| What is the eligibility for the ECI model |
|
Definition
Has a high probability for eligibility
-developmental delay
-atypical development
-many medical diagnoses |
|
|
Term
| Are PT and OT considered primary services in the ECI model |
|
Definition
YES
therapists are part of the decision-making team |
|
|
Term
| What is the goal of the School model |
|
Definition
| to assist the student in accessing the educational setting to overcome barriers to achieving desired educational outcomes |
|
|
Term
| how is the decision made for services in the school model |
|
Definition
| on multidisciplinary evaluation to determine if the child has a disability and needs special education or related services |
|
|
Term
| What is the eligibility for the School model based on |
|
Definition
disability groups
-physical disability
-other health impaired
-mental retardation
-emotional disturbance
-learning disability
-autism
-speech disability
-TBI
-Visual and auditory impaired |
|
|
Term
| which disabilty is eligible for services in the school model from 0 - 21 years old |
|
Definition
| Visually and Auditory Impairment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Admission, Review, and Dismissal meeting |
|
|
Term
| Are PT and OT primary service in the school model |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are considered related service in the school model |
|
Definition
| transportation and such developmental, corrective and other supportive services as are required to assist a child with a disability to benefit from special education |
|
|
Term
| How is service delivered in the school model |
|
Definition
collaborative and integrated
-Direct
-consultative
-monitoring
-training to instruction personnel |
|
|
Term
| what is the relationship between PT intervention/goals and the instructional outcomes in the school model |
|
Definition
| Must be direct relationship |
|
|
Term
| What are the uses for pediatric equipment |
|
Definition
-help support and maintain alignment
-help facilitate movement
-helps challenge movement when a challenge is needed
-helps with ADL's
-motivates, educates, and provides sensory motor input needed to develop movement |
|
|
Term
| How does equipment help facilitate movement |
|
Definition
| may decrease gravitational demands to help movement occur and/or may provide a position to inhibit abnormal tone and reflexes |
|
|
Term
| What are precautions to the use of equipment |
|
Definition
-overuse/misuse
-negative effects: skin breakdown, contractures, boredom and discomfort, learned helplessness
-do not use equipment as a "baby sitter"
-Ill-fitting equipment
patient not aligned in the equipment |
|
|
Term
| What should you do why you are treating with equipment |
|
Definition
| Explain --> Demonstrate --> have parent try --> make corrections --> repeat as needed |
|
|
Term
| What should you do why you are treating with equipment |
|
Definition
| Explain --> Demonstrate --> have parent try --> make corrections --> repeat as needed |
|
|
Term
| Area of brain affected in Hypertonic CP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Area of brain affected in Ataxic CP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Area of brain affect in Athetoid CP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Goals for treating children with altered tone and movement dysfunction? |
|
Definition
-prevent/minimize deformity
-promote a variety of moevemtn possibilties for that child
-increase function
-train caregivers to help accomplish goals 1,2 and 3 |
|
|
Term
| Goals for treating children with altered tone and movement dysfunction? |
|
Definition
-prevent/minimize deformity
-promote a variety of moevemtn possibilties for that child
-increase function
-train caregivers to help accomplish goals 1,2 and 3 |
|
|
Term
| General problems with a child who has Spasticity |
|
Definition
-proximal low tone and weakness masked by spasticity and excessive contraction or co-contraction in the extremities
-movement restricted to midranges with predictable pattern, often seen as patterns of persistent reflexes
-incomplete righting, equilibrium and protective reaction secondary to limited range of movement
-very high risk for orthopedic deformities secondary to muscle shortness, joint contractures, and spasticity |
|
|
Term
| what are the treatment objectives for SPASTICITY? |
|
Definition
-increase sustained control of postural muscles while decreasing excessive contraction or extremities
-increase range and variety of joint movements
-avoid positions that stimulate reflexes or stereotyped movement patterns
-avoid static postures: work toward concentric/eccentric movement
-help them to accomodate to changes in spped and direction of movement - requires more reciprocating movement |
|
|
Term
| General problems with Hypotonia |
|
Definition
-decreased proximal control and ability to co-contract around joints
-decreased grading and sustaining of muscle contractions
-decreased response to input secondary to decreased incomeing sensory-motor info secondary to lack of movement
hypermobility secondary to decrease muscle activation and decreased joint stability, but at risk for tightness due to lack of movement
-postural responses usually absent or severely diminished |
|
|
Term
| Treatment objectives for HYPOTONIA |
|
Definition
-facilitate functional head and trunk alignment and static control, escpecially stability around joints
-increase ability to move anti-gravity - may need to start gravity eliminated to build strength and control
-provide support to some areas of the body to encourage movement in other areas
-facilitate automatic reactions
-increase sensory input, especially proprioceptive, to increase registration of sensory information |
|
|
Term
| general problems with Athetosis |
|
Definition
-lack of sustained co-contraction and proximal stability
-asymmetrical postruing and movement, often as an attempt to stabilize
-uncontrolled righting and equilibrium reactions
-persistant early reflexes
-difficulty with selective control of head, eye, jaw, and arm movements |
|
|
Term
| treatment objectives for ATHETOSIS |
|
Definition
-increase sustained proximal control with emphasis on gaining and amintaining midline control
-improve ability to hold postures while controlling symmetry of extremity movemnt away from midline
-improve ability to time and grade muscle contraction
-provide support to some areas of the body to encourgae controlled movement in other areas |
|
|
Term
| general problems with Ataxia |
|
Definition
-jerky, disorganized movments with impaired force and power output
-poor coordination and sequencing of movement
-poor sense of position in space
-decreased movement away from midline secondary to poor equilibrium; therefore movement options are limited
-mild hypotonia with fluctuations toward normal tone |
|
|
Term
| Treatment strategies for ATAXIA |
|
Definition
-increase proximal muscle control using sustained, deep sematosensory input and visual cueing to build stability
-work on transitions while giving guidance for initiation and increased excursion of movement
-empahsize proximal movement away from midline secondary to poor equilibrium; therefore movment options limited
-mild hypotonia with fluctuations toward normal tone |
|
|
Term
| Area of the brain affected in Hypotonia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is involved in caregiver training for rehab equipment |
|
Definition
-treating patient to learn to move in a functional way
-help the caregiver know how to help the child learn to move |
|
|
Term
| What is snesory integration |
|
Definition
| the neurological process that organizes sensation from one's own body and from the environment and makes it possible to use this information to plan and organize behavoir |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ability to understand what needs to be done, plan how to do it and get it done |
|
|
Term
| What is involved in the sensory integration theory |
|
Definition
| brain/behavior relationships, assessment techniques and intervention strategies |
|
|
Term
| Who developed the snsory integration theory |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why was the sensory theory developed |
|
Definition
| to explain the relationship between deficits in interpreting sensory information and deficits in learning in people with learning disabilities and clumsiness |
|
|
Term
| What is the intention of the theory |
|
Definition
| to explain problems in learning and behavior that could not be attributed to CNS or PNS damage or abnormality |
|
|
Term
| What 3 systems are emphasized in the Sensory Integration Theory |
|
Definition
Tactile
Proprioceptive
Vestibular |
|
|
Term
| What are a child's actions at birth primarily |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the Assumptions of the sensory integration theory |
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Definition
-CNS functions as a whole
-CNS can be changed or modified
-Learning is a function of the brain
-Adaptive response
-Opportunities for enhanced sensory integration
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Term
| Learning is a function of th ebrain dependent on what? |
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Definition
-taking in sensory information from the environment and from the body
-processing and integrating the information
-using the information to plan and organize behavior to produce an ADAPTIVE RESPONSE |
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Term
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Definition
-a response that matches the demands of the task
-purposeful and goal directed result from sensory input |
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Term
| What will opportunities for enhanced sensory integration do? |
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Definition
-improve the ability of the nervous system to process and integrate sensory input
-impact the ability to interact with the environment
-enhance adaptive skill and competence |
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Term
| What is Sensory Integrative dysfunction |
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Definition
-disorganized processing of sensory information resulting in inadequate, excessive or innaccurate information from muscles, tendons and joints
-Failure in the process of organizing information and directing and adaptive response |
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Term
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Definition
| the concept of how to go about doing the task |
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Term
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Definition
| An internal plan that is devised based on bady schema and past experience |
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Term
| What is dysfunction in praxis |
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Definition
-dysfunction in the awareness of the need to accomplish a task
-dysfunction of the concept of how to go about doing the task
-dysfunction in the abilty to form an internal plan
-Inability to carry out the plan |
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Term
| What is dysfunction in sensory modulation |
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Definition
-failure to regulate and organize the intensity and nature of a response to sensory input
-hyper or hypo responses to proprioceptive, vestibular, and tactile input early in life
-hyper or hypo responses to visual, auditory, olfactory and gustatory sensations later in life |
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Term
| What are disorders of sensory discrimination |
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Definition
Any combination of
-failure to interpret the characteristics of sensory stimulation
-results in a dysfunction response
-often associated with hyporesponsiveness |
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Term
| What are some results of disorders of sensory integration |
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Definition
-disorganized behavior
-poor attending and concentration
-arousal disregulation
-emotional lability
-difficulty learning
-immature or inappropriate social skills
-clumsiness and slow reaction
-difficulty manipulating things in the environment
-difficulty coping with the environment |
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Term
| What is the therapist's role in treating sensory disorders |
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Definition
-choose the skill
-modify the environment |
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Term
| How ight a therapist modify the environment to treat for sensory integraion disorders |
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Definition
-use sensory systems to help increase or decrease alertness and arousal
-CAREFULLY increase stimulation from the environment
-initially provide visual and auditory assists
-offer limited choices by structuring the environment
-use spontaneous movement
-Use real life situations |
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Term
| What is the purpose of the proprioceptive system |
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Definition
-give info about body positions that arise as a result of an individual's own movement
-develops through weight bearing and movement
-critical in maturation of reflexes, particularly righting and equilibrium |
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Term
| What might one see with hyporesponsiveness to proprioception |
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Definition
-appear clumsy
-poor placement of extremities for weight bearing
-poor muscle co-contraction and holding against gravity; lock joints for stability
-difficulty grading movement
-seeks proprioceptive sensations |
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Term
| what might one see with hyperresponsiveness to proprioception |
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Definition
-overresponds to physical contact such as higs
-uncomfortable running, jumping, using large movements
-avoids activities requiring movement of body parts (jumping, hanging from a bar) |
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Term
| What helps regulate vestibular and tactile input |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the purpose of the vestibular system |
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Definition
-awareness of position and orientation in space
-regulation of eye position during head movement to stabilize the image
-influences muscle tone for postural support - primarily extensor tone |
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Term
| what is the purpose of the vestibular system |
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Definition
-awareness of position and orientation in space
-regulation of eye position during head movement to stabilize the image
-influences muscle tone for postural support - primarily extensor tone |
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Term
| What are the 2 types of dysfunction in the vestibular system |
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Definition
-Hyporeactive (hyporesponsiveness) to vestibular input
-Hyperreactive (hyperresponsiveness) to vestibular input |
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Term
| What might one see with hyporeaction in the vestibular system |
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Definition
-decrease autonomic responses to vestibular stim
-appear clumsy
-decreased antigravity extension and flexion and decreased control of postural adjustments
-poor eye/head coordination
-decreased alertness/arousal
-seek a great deal of mevement experience (more than the typical child) |
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Term
| what are the treatment considerations for hyporeactive vestibular system |
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Definition
-utilize hanging equipment in conjuction with active movement to include linear and rotary activities early in treatment
-vary the type, speed and difficulty of adaptive responses
-allow the child to control the amount of stimulation but monitor for signs of adequate amount of input
-combine proprioceptive input with vestibular |
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Term
| What might one see with hyperresponsiveness to vestibular |
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Definition
-gravitational insecurity
-fear everyday, geneeric movement experiences
-unusual fear of fallin, heights, backward movement
-unexpected/exaggerated autonomic responses to rotation and linear movement
-increased alertness/arousal |
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Term
| what is gravitational insecurity |
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Definition
| extreme fearfulness with changes in head and body position even when adequately supported |
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Term
| treatment considerations for hyperresponsive to vestibular |
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Definition
-allow the child to control the movement as much as necessary to keep the child interacting with the environment
-utilize adaptive responses which gradually increase in difficulty
-utilize hanging equipment emphasizing linear activities
-only progress to rotary movment when the child has begun to utilize linear input more appropriately
-monitor delayed effects of vestibular input |
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Term
| what is the purpose of the tactile system |
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Definition
-alerts the person to danger
-gives information about the immediate surroundings
-guides the exploration of the environment
-assists in the developing body scheme
-associates with emotions via the limbic system |
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Term
| What are the 2 types of tactile dysfunction |
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Definition
-hyporesponsiveness to tactile input (poor tactile discrimination)
-hyperresponsiveness to tactile input (tactile defensiveness) |
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Term
| What might one see with hyporesponsiveness to tactile |
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Definition
-decreased awareness or reaction to touch, pain and temp
-poor touch discrimination
-poor manipulation skills
-under reation to bumps, falls
-seeks/craves touch experiences
-decreased body scheme |
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Term
| treatment considerations for hyporesponsiveness to tactile |
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Definition
-utilize light touch and facilitating touch experiences
-use tactile discrimination games and activities with a variety of textures
-emphasize tactile input with proprioceptive input
-use activities that emphasize body scheme |
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Term
| What might one see with hyperresponsiveness to tactile input |
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Definition
-avoidance of being touched
-overreaction to bumps, falls
-preference for solitary play - avoid contact
-sensitivity to certain textures of clothing, food
-discomfort with face washing, tooth brushing, hair combing
-use fingertips to manipulate objects |
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Term
| What is the ultimate goal of treating for sensory dysfunction |
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Definition
| to use the information from the tactile, proprioceptive and vestibular systems to successfully plan and carry out a meaningful activity |
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Term
| what illustrates an adaptive response |
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Definition
-respond to the stimulus
-hold and stay (tolerate the stimulus)
-muscle groups response appropriately
-move independently through the environment in a familiar way
-move through the environment in an unfamiliar way
-complete complicated activity requiring unfamiliar way, unfamiliar timing, or multiple adaptations |
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Term
| what would the child with neuro-motor dysfunction be deprived of |
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Definition
| movement experiences which contribute to the normal maturation of our sensory systems |
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Term
| what are some examples of movement disturbances reported in both autism and non-autism movement disorders |
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Definition
-dystonias
-dyskinesia
-tics
-dyspraxia
-apraxia
-bradykinesia
-dysprosody
-dysphonia
-blepharospasm
-oromandibular dystonia
-torticollis |
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