Term
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Definition
| Arrest in development of the cochlea development during the fourth week of gestation resuting in a common bony abnormaility of the inner ear assciated with congential sensorineural hearing loss |
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Term
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Definition
| The most common congenital abnormality of the cochlear duct, resulting in sensorineural hearing loss |
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Term
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Definition
| sensory cells needed for equilbrium attain adult size be 23rd week gestation |
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Term
| Preterm Ear Physiological Variations |
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Definition
| Vulnerable to hearing loss, patricularly before 33 weeks, from noise exposure, hypoxia, ototoxic drugs, hyperbilirubineima, persistnet pulmonary hypertension |
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Term
| Newborn Ear Physiological Variations |
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Definition
At birth typmanic membrane is almost adult size but lies in a more horizontal plane compared to adult ear, which alters visual assessment.
Intrauterine positioning may resultin disfigurinign of the pinna, which will usualy resolve after birth with proper postiiong because of the elastic quality of ear cartilage
Whiteish material including vernix caseosa covers the extrenal auditory canal |
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Term
| Infant Physiologcial Variations of the Ear |
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Definition
| Fluid easily trapped in the middle ar causing eustachian tube dysfunction, particularly common in infants with down syndrome, preterm infants, and in any infant with craniofacial abnormalities |
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Term
| Toddler Physiological Variations of the Ear |
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Definition
| External auditory canal ossifies by 2 years of age, straightening the canal and improving visualization fo the tympanic membrane |
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Term
| Preschooler Physiological Variations of the Ear |
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Definition
| The pinna is approx 80% of the adult size in the 4- to 5- year old |
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Term
| School-age child Physiolgocial variations of the ear |
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Definition
| In a 9-year-old the pinna and external auditory canal have attained adult size. The canal measures 2.5 cm and has become somewhat S shaped |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| medial and parllel to helix |
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Term
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Definition
firm protuberance on anterior portion foo ear just at the entrance of auditory canal
pain on tragus could mean external auditory canal infection |
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Term
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Definition
| cavity leading to opening of external ear canal |
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Term
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Definition
| accross fom the tragus ont he border of the antihelix |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the tympanic membrane that is superior to the lateral process of malleus |
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Term
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Definition
| comprises the majority fo the tympanic membrane inferior to the lateral process of the malleus |
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Term
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Definition
| in tympanic membrane is most common spot of retraction pockets and congential or acquired cholesteatoma, an asymptomatic white mass in the mdidle ear that is throught to arise from the continued growth of epidermoid layer over the tympanic membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| thickening and scarring of the tympanic membrane seen after chronic ear infections |
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Term
three ossicles of the inner ear |
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Definition
malleus, incus, stapes:smallest bones int he body, transmit movment of the tympanic membrane to the oval window and to the 8th (acoustic) cranial nerve |
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Term
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Definition
the drainage and ventilatory structure for the middle ear.
Adult 35mm
Infant 17.5mm |
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Term
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Definition
vestibule, semicircular canals, cochlea |
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Term
| Ear examination technique in a child |
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Definition
pulling auricle out and down or
pulling the tragus foward |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| any masses or areas of tenderness, if movment of auricle results in pain examiner should suspect otitis media, otitis externa, or other inflammation of the auditory canal. |
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Term
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Definition
| Foul-smelling cheesy discharge commonly found with otitis externa |
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Term
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Definition
| canal for patency, discharge, odor, foreign bodies. |
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Term
| Inspection of internal ear canal |
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Definition
| tympanic membrane for contour (normally concave), intactness (no perforations, tympanostomy, or myringotomy tubes), color (normally gray or silver), translucency (normally translucent without scarring or opacity), and presence of visible landmarks (umbo, handle of malleus and light reflex). |
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Term
| Mobility of tympanic membrane |
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Definition
| important indication of middle ear pressure, if flutters means tympanic membrane pressure is equalized. Decreased or limited movment means increased negative pressure in middle ear ie)infection |
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Term
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Definition
| gray flaky found in asians and native americans |
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Term
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Definition
| honey-colored to dark brown found in whites and blacks |
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Term
| Auditory brainstem response |
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Definition
| Measures electrical acitivy via scalp electrodes in the auditory nerve to midbrain level in response to sound delivered by air conduction or bone conduction |
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Term
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Definition
| records sounds in the ear cnal that are generated by the cochlea; absence of otoacoustic emissions ounds may indicate a nonpatent ear canal, nonaerated middle ear, or lack of normal out hair cell funciton needed for auditory nerve function |
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Term
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Definition
performed by placing a vibrating tuning fork midline on th skull, making sure the examiners hand does not touh the prongs of the tuning fork or child head. The child/adolescent is then asked if he/she hears the sound of the tuning fork better on one side or the other or equaly well on both sides. If the chid indicates the sound is heard better on one side it is called lateralization and indicates a conductive hearing deficit int he ear perceived as hearing the tuning fork better.
not done until school age |
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Term
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Definition
compares air conduction to bone conduction. a vibrating tuning fork is placed on the mastoid process when sound is no longer heard tuning fork should b moved to a position 1-2 cm fromt he external auditory canal. air conduction should be twice as long as bone
not done until school age |
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Term
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Definition
| caused by an abnormality in the transmission of soun wves through the ear canal, by the tympanic membrane, middle ear space, or middle ear ossicles. |
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Term
Sensorineural hearing loss |
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Definition
| caused by abnormalities of the cochlea, auditory nerve, or the auditory pathways, which traverse the brainstem ending in the auditory cortex of the brain. |
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Term
| Syndromes that include sensorineural hearing loss |
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Definition
Alport's
Jervell
Lange-Nielsen
Usher's Syndromes |
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