Term
| What are the purposes of traction? |
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Definition
Alignment of the bone
Provide rest for an extremity
Help prevent or improve a contracture or deformity
To treat a dislocation
Pre/post operative positioning and alignment
Immobilization of a specific area |
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Term
| What is a buckle fracture? |
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Definition
| A fracture in which one side of the bone bends but does not actually break, causing a raised area on the opposite side, also known as a torus fracture |
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Term
| What is a Greenstick fracture? |
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Definition
| Incomplete fracture where only one side of the bone is fractured |
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Term
| What is a Comminuted Fracture? |
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Definition
| A fracture in which the bone is broken or splintered into pieces |
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Term
| What is a Compression Fracture? |
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Definition
| Two or more bones forced against one another, usually caused by falling into a standing or sitting position |
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Term
| What is an Oblique Fracture? |
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Definition
| A complete fracture that occurs on an angle across the bone |
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Term
| What is a Compound Fracture? |
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Definition
| A fracture in which the bone protrudes through the skin |
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Term
| What is a Spiral Fracture? |
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Definition
| A fracture that follows a helical line aroiund the course of the bone, frequently seen in child abuse cases |
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Term
| When does skeletal maturity occur in children? |
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Definition
Boys - age 17
Girls - 2 yrs. after menarche |
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Term
| What is the care for a child in a cast? |
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Definition
Elevate above the level of the heart
Apply ice for the first 24 hrs.
Assess skin around the cast for any signs of skin breakdown
Instruct the child not to place any foreign objects under the cast
Protect cast from soiling from urine or feces
Assess skin around the cast for any signs of breakdown
Instruct the child not to place any foreign objects under |
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Term
| What is the care of a child in traction? |
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Definition
Cough/deep breathe
Frequent repositioning
Incentive spirometry
Passive/active ROM's
SCD's
Inc. fluid & fiber |
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Term
| What are the 6 P's of compartment syndrome? |
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Definition
Pulselessness
Paresthesias
Pain
Pallor
Polar (Temp)
Paralysis |
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Term
| What is treatment for compartment syndrome? |
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Definition
| Immediate relief of pressure and allowing for adequate perfusion either bu cutting the cast or fasciotomy |
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Term
| What are the risks for compartment syndrome? What is the nursing care? |
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Definition
Casts, dressings, traction, untreated fracture, snakebites, trauma
Nursing care: NV checks q30-60 min. for 1st 48 hrs.
Compartments are usually forearm and lower legs |
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Term
| What are the possible causes of developmental dysplasia of the hip? |
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Definition
Physiological - maternal hormone secretion
Mechanical - abnormal intrauterine position (breech)
Genetic - family history
Higher incidence in females
abnor |
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Term
| What are the tests to screen for hip dysplasia? |
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Definition
| Ortolani and Barlow's tests |
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Term
| What is the treatment for hip dysplasia? |
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Definition
Maintain flexion and adduction through:
Pelvic harness
Traction
Casts |
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Term
| What is Osteogenesis Imperfecta? |
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Definition
Brittle Bone Disease
Genetic disorder in which there is either less collagen or poor quality collagen |
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Term
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Definition
Bones that fracture easily
Short stature
Skeletal deformities of limbs, chest and skull
Weak muscles with loose joints and ligaments
Discolored brittle teeth
Blue sclera
Hearing loss
Tendency to bruise easily
High-pitched voice |
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Term
| What is the treatment of OI? |
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Definition
Preventing or controlling symptoms
Maximizing independent mobility
Developing optimal bone mass and muscle strength |
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Term
| What are the causes of Osteomyelitis? |
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Definition
Usually bacterial but may be viral or fungal
Often strep or staph infection Extogenous - open fractures, penetrating wounds ect.
Hematogenous- infection in hte blood stream |
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Term
| What are the S/S of Osteomyelitis? |
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Definition
| Bone pain, fever, edema and erythema, restricted movement |
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Term
| How is Osteomyelitis Diagnosed? |
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Definition
X-ray, CT scan, MRI, Aspiration of purulent drainage, Blood work :cultures, CBC w/ diff.,
C-reactive protein, ESR (Sed rate) |
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Term
| What are the nursing interventions and treatment for Osteomyelitis? |
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Definition
6 wk. Tx
IV/PO antibiotics
Splinting of extremity
Pain meds
Neuro checks & skin assessment at least q shift
Surgical intervention
Education for parents |
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Term
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Definition
Lateral curvature of the spine with rotation of the vertebral column (the thoracic region most commonly affected)
4x more common in females
Routine screening should be done between 10-16 yrs. of age
DX. confirmed by X-Ray |
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Term
| What are the treatment options for scoliosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the post-op care for scoliosis surgery? |
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Definition
Sx. req. for > 45 degree curvature
Child must remain lying flat
Crucial that back doesn't bend
Log rolling
Cough/deep breathe/incebtive spirometer
NG tube in pts. to prevent an ileus
Foley in place
Neuro checks q1h for 1st 48 hrs.
Pain mgmt. (PCA)
Emotional support |
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