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Pediatric Lecture
Overview (no drugs)
50
Anthropology
Pre-School
04/21/2013

Additional Anthropology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
neonate
Definition
first month of post natal life
Term
infant
Definition
1 month- 1 year
Term
children
Definition
1-11 years
Term
adolescent
Definition
12-18 years
Term
adult
Definition
> 18 years
Term
gestational age (GA)
Definition
est. of maturity at birth
Term
postnatal age (PA)
Definition
days/weeks of life since birth
Term
Postconceptional age
Definition
GA + PA
Term
preterm/premature
Definition
<37 weeks gestational age
Term
pharmacokinetics
Definition
the science of a drug's fate in the body
Term
newborn gastric pH
Definition
6-8
Term
rapidly lowers to 1-3 within 24 hours of birth in term neonates
Definition
newborn gastric pH
Term
acid-labile drugs like ampicillin
Definition
achieve higher serum concentrations
Term
weakly-acidic drugs like acetaminophen, phenobarbital
Definition
achieve lower serum concentrations
Term
premature and term neonates gastric emptying
Definition
slower
Term
GI motility reaches maturity
Definition
approximately 6-8 months
Term
administration is generally avoided in premature and term neonates
Definition
intramuscular/subcutaneous
Term
Vastus Lateralis (upper thigh): max volume: 0.5-1 mL (IM injection)
Definition
infants
Term
Upper thigh until deltoid has developed adequate mass: 0-1 mL (IM injection)
Definition
young children
Term
thickest portion of deltoid: 0-2 mL (IM injection)
Definition
older children
Term
fatty area of thigh: 0.5-1 mL (SQ injections)
Definition
infants
Term
fatty area of thigh or outer aspect of upper arm: 0.5-1 mL (SQ injections)
Definition
young children
Term
outer aspect of upper arm: 0.5-1 mL (SQ injections)
Definition
older children
Term
3:1 ratio
Definition
BSA of an infant to adult
Term
systemic absorption (topical)
Definition
greater in premature neonates and children
Term
Rectal absorption in neonates and young children is enhanced
Definition
immature hepatic metabolism
Term
rectal dosage form useful in older infants and children
Definition
peri-operative period, vomiting, delayed or accelerated GI motility
Term
intraosseous injections (into marrow of the bone)
Definition
most useful in children < 5 years old
Term
total body water distribution
Definition
increased insensible losses compared to adults
Term
percent body fat
Definition
increases with age
Term
plasma protein binding
Definition
increased drug activity (increased free fraction) --> drug toxicity
Term
deposition of bilirubin in the brain leading to neurologic dysfunction that may be permanent if untreated
Definition
Kernicterus
Term
CNS penetration
Definition
immature BBB, more permeable to hydrophilic molecules
Term
prominent site of drug metabolism
Definition
liver
Term
Oxidation, Reduction, Hydrolysis, Demethylation
Definition
Phase I enzymatic system
Term
methylation, glucuronidation, sulfation
Definition
phase II enzymatic system
Term
primary elimination process (50% at birth) : cytochrome P450
Definition
Oxidation
Term
fully function at birth
Definition
reduction
Term
reduced until 10-12 months
Definition
hydrolysis
Term
reduced until 15 weeks
Definition
demethylation
Term
higher predominance in infants than adults
Definition
methylation
Term
fetal activity 0-25% of adult and reaches maturity by 2-3 years
Definition
glucuronidation
Term
well developed in infants; exceeds adult capacity from infancy to early childhood
Definition
Sulfation
Term
not fully functional at birth
Definition
kidneys
Term
Rapidly increases during the first 2 weeks of life to an adult level at 8-12 months
Definition
GFR
Term
used for 18 years or older
Definition
Cockroft and Gault method
Term
used 1 week- 18 years
Definition
Schwartz equation
Term
Cockroft and Gault
Definition
weight and age are the determining factors
Term
Schwartz
Definition
height and age are the determining factors
Term
used 6 months to 18 years
Definition
modified Schwartz equation
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