Term
| What are the most common *chronic* condition for pediatric visits? |
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Definition
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Term
| What branch of psychology initially focused on child development but through the past 25 years has expanded its focus to include all life stages? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some components of development changes? |
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Definition
| physical. motor. cognitive. intellectual. emotional. personality. social. |
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Term
| It used to be thought that you were born w/all of the neurons that you would have the rest of your life. What has research over the past 20 years suggested? |
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Definition
| research over the past 20 yrs has suggested brain development is influenced by the environment |
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Term
| What developmental theorist was applauded for stimulating interest in pediatric development? |
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Definition
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Term
| What developmental theorist recognized children think differently than adults? |
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Definition
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Term
| What developmental theorist dealt with innate cognitive structures and theorized that interaction with environment causes cognition to grow and develop? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were the 2 aspects of Piaget's developmental theory? |
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Definition
| Assimilation and Accomodation |
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Term
| What aspect of Piaget's developmental theory involves incorporate changes into current structure of dealing of environment? |
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Definition
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Term
| What aspect of Piaget's developmental theory involves learning methods to discriminate and respond to environment, and new cognitive skills that build upon previous skills? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of Piaget's developmental stages involves change in thinking processing, understanding cause-and-effect relationships, math and science, and classification/serial ordering? |
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Definition
| concrete operational stage (age 7-11) |
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Term
| Which aspect of Piaget's concrete operational stage might deal with "5 golf balls similar to 5 marbles, but different sizes?" |
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Definition
| classification/serial ordering |
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Term
| What developmental theorist dealt with 3 levels of moral development: pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional (these involve 6 stages)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are Kohlberg's 3 levels of moral development? |
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Definition
| pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional |
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Term
| Most children reach with stage of Kohlberg's moral developmental theory? |
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Definition
| most children reach stage 1 and 2 |
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Term
| What percent of the population reach the 6th stage of Kohlberg's moral developmental theory? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of Kohlberg's stages of moral development involves judgements based on threat of punishment? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of Kohlberg's stages of moral development involves actions guided by self need? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of Kohlberg's stages of moral development involves behaviors guided by desire to please? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of Kohlberg's stages of moral development involves behavior influenced by duty to do what is right? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of Kohlberg's stages of moral development involves behavior guided by societal guidelines? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of Kohlberg's stages of moral development involves behavior directed by self chosen ethics? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which developmental theorist is credited with the object-relations theory? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of theory states that the inner core of personality stems from early relationship with mother? |
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Definition
| Klein's Object-relationship theory |
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Term
| In which theory does the child learn to distinguish self from mother? |
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Definition
| Melanie Klein's object-relations theory |
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Term
| What does Melanie Klein define as healthy adjustment? |
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Definition
| child learns ability to separate good and bad |
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Term
| How do boys and girls differ in Melanie Klein's theory of object-relations theory? |
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Definition
| girls become an extension of mothers; better psychosocially adjusted. boys must separate to become independent |
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Term
| According to Sigmund Freud's theory of the Id, Ego, and Superego do girls or boys have stronger superego? |
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Definition
| boys have stronger superego (conscience) b/c they have penises and girls do not |
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Term
| Which theorist developed theories of the oedipal and electra complex? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which developmental theorist proposed a theory of human life experiences and modification of 3 systems? What were these three systems? |
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Definition
| Erik Erikson: biological, psychological, societal (social) |
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Term
| Which of Erikson's systems involved environmental influences, genetics, lifestyle, accident and diseases? |
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Definition
| Biological system: physical being |
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Term
| Which of Erikson's system involves genetics, life experiences and self direction/insight? |
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Definition
| Psychological system: psychological being |
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Term
| Which of Erikson's systems involves culture, interpersonal relationships, and ideologies? |
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Definition
| Societal system: person's integration into society |
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Term
| Which theorist proposed an 8 stage theory of psychosocial development, with each stage marked by a conflict and a resolved virtue? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of Erikson's stages of psychosocial development involves learning to trust caregivers? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which theorist had a thory of *observational learning*, and postulated that once chilren are capable of learning behaviors; steps taken to acquire new skills? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which theory involves the following steps: 1. observe the behavior in others 2. form a mental image of the behavior 3. imitate the behavior 4. practice the behavior 5. motivated to repeat the behavior |
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Definition
| Albert Bandura's theory of observational learning |
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Term
| What controversy of developmental theories involves heredity versus environmental influence? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which position in the nature v. nurture controversy postulates that behavior is genetically determined and expression is dependent upon the environment? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which position in the nature vs. nurture controversy postulates that physical aspects are genetic and intellectual aspects are learned? |
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Definition
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Term
| What position did freud take in the controversy about whether personality traits change or endure over a lifetime? |
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Definition
| child temperament determines adult personality |
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Term
| What stance did change theorists take in the controversy over whether personality traits change or endure over a lifetime? |
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Definition
| personalities are influenced by lifetime of interactions |
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Term
| What are some ways that utero influences development? |
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Definition
| tetragonic agents. maternal nutrition. genetics. congenital disease. maternal disease/injury/illness. birth trauma. maternal psycholsocial state |
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Term
| The outcome of what technology involves improved infant survival rates, increased morbidity (medical, psychological, and cognitive) (impact on families)? |
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Definition
| outcome of reproductive technology, prenatal, natal and neonatal medical technology? |
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Term
| What stage of pediatric development involves the first 24 mos of life and children ages 0-2 years of age and includes infancy to toddler years? |
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Definition
| infancy (i'm just copying the slide- i didn't make this up) |
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Term
| What are some cognitive skills involved with pediatric development? |
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Definition
| learning. developmental stages- all children go through. communication- emergence of language. socialization. memory. infants pay closer attention to objects that seem to defy "physical laws" (rolling balls, rattles hanging midair). memory development as early as 6 mos. babbling- meaningful phrases. |
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Term
| Which cognitive skill involves interaction with environment and cause and effect? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the rate of physical development from infancy (0-1)/toddler (1-2)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Reflexes, development of motor skills, and health issues are involved in what aspect of pediatric development? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the 4th trimester? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are common infant reflexes? |
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Definition
| sucking, moro's, rooting, startle, stepping, plamar/platnar grasp |
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Term
| Which infant reflex responds to stroking side of foot by twisting foot inward and fans out toes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What infant reflex responds to stroking forehead by turning and opening mouth? |
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Definition
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Term
| How developed are motor skills at birth? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are early motor skill responses? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do motor skills transition during pediatric development? |
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Definition
| involuntary to voluntary movements |
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Term
| Motor skills develop along with what? |
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Definition
| development along with physical maturation (muscles/bones) |
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Term
| What can influence motor skills in pediatric development? |
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Definition
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Term
| At what age do infants grasp rattles and sit with support? |
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Definition
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Term
| At what age to toddlers stand alone and walk? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is normal functioning related to infant health? |
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Definition
| Normal functioning of newborn's various body systems is dependent on short-term and long-term health |
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Term
| What is the rate of birth trauma? What is the prevalence of infant mortality in the first year of life? |
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Definition
| less than 1%. 9 out of 1000. |
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Term
| What are some health issues in pediatric development? |
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Definition
| congenital defects. acute and chronic disease. failure to thrive. immunizations. PKU. SIDS. |
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Term
| Personality development, family relationships, sexuality, and gender development are part of what aspect of pediatric development? |
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Definition
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Term
| Trusting caregivers (patterns of attachment), forming relationships, emergence of "prosocial behavior", oral stage-egocentric, and personality traits emerging ("temprement")? |
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Definition
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Term
| Separation anxiety, stranger anxiety, and tantrums are involved in what aspect of pediatric development? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 4 patterns of attachment in pediatric development? |
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Definition
| secure. anxious-avoidant. anxious-resistant. disorganized. |
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Term
| Which aspect of patterns of attachment involves an infant who explores environment with mother present distress reduced when mother returns? |
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Definition
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Term
| What pattern of attachment involves an infant who avoids mother after period of separation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What pattern of attachment involves an infant who is cautious in the presence of stranger; angry w/mother after separation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What pattern of attachment involves an infant who displays an unpredictable pattern after separation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What determines the quality of a child's later relationships? |
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Definition
| quality of parent and child relation between 6 and 18 mos |
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Term
| What are some aspects of clinician interaction in pediatric development? |
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Definition
| gestational/birth hx. infant developmental scales (developmental delays). immunizations. physical msmts. congenital defects. bonding/parental- child relationship. build clinician-parent-child relationship. pt ed *(nutrition, bottle v. breastfeeding, safety, etc).* child abuse. *post partum depression.* |
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Term
| What age involves early childhood or preschool yrs, rapid cognitive and physical development, and integrative development? |
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Definition
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Term
| What aspect of pedicatric development involves egocentrism v. development of shared perspective (age 4-5 interpretation of others' experiences)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What aspect of pediatric development involves development of empathy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What aspect of pediatric development involves social cognition? |
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Definition
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Term
| What aspect of pediatric development involves children's use of language and symbols? |
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Definition
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Term
| What aspect of pedicatric development involves imitation of adult behaviors? |
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Definition
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Term
| What aspect of pediatric development involves imaginary play? |
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Definition
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Term
| What aspect of pediatric development involves limited attention span and memory? |
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Definition
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Term
| What aspect of pediatric development involves lateralization or localization of assorted functions, competencies, and skills to one or both brain hemispheres? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which hemisphere develops earlier in pediatric development? |
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Definition
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Term
| What age of cognitive development involves bilingualism? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does physical appearance change in pediatric development? |
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Definition
| more athletic appearance- longer trunk and limbs; formation of ab mm. variable; affected by genetics, nutrition, socioeconomics and health status |
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Term
| How are motor skills developed during childhood? |
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Definition
| refinement of motor skills |
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Term
| Which type of motor skills involves running, jumping, balancing, dancing, or throwing? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which motor skills include drawing, writing, or tying shoelaces; these skills develop more gradually? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some health issues involved in pediatric development? |
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Definition
| minor ailments and injuries, majority of childhood deaths- related to accidents, children with prolonged illness- suffer from psychological problems- developmental delays, anxiety, pain |
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Term
| Which aspect of pediatric development involves personality development, family relationships, friends and playmates, sexuality, and fear and aggression? |
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Definition
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Term
| At what age to children begin to interpret others' experiences? |
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Definition
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Term
| What aspect of pediatric development involves development of self, establishment of individual temperament, and friends? |
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Definition
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Term
| what involves multifactorial influences: parental style, sibling relationships, socioeconomic? |
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Definition
| establishment of individual temperament: psychosocial, age 2-6 |
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Term
| at what age do children develop friends? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 3 parenting styles? |
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Definition
| authoritarian parents, permissive parents, indifferent parents |
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Term
| What parenting style involves high parental control and low parental warmth? |
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Definition
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Term
| What parenting style involves high parental warmth and low parental control? |
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Definition
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Term
| What aspect of pediatric development involves low parental control adn warmth? |
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Definition
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Term
| What aspect of psychosocial development involves observation of love relatiohsips/sex at home influence child's view, aquired by 3 years of age? |
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Definition
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Term
| What aspect of psychosocial development at age 2-6 involves an inability to distinguish fantasy from reality, testosterone, and chronicity of negative emotions referral to a profession? |
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Definition
| fear (anxiety) and aggression (hostility) |
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Term
| What are some aspects of clinician interaction at age 2-6? |
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Definition
| collaborative approaches. parental interview. child interview. hx taking- specific concerns (developmental milestones, previous medical and behavioral difficulties). interactions with child. observation of parent-child interactions. |
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Term
| What ages comprise md childhood? |
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Definition
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Term
| What ages comprise early md development? |
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Definition
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Term
| What ages comprise late md childhood? |
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Definition
| 10-11 (preadolescence; early "tween" yrs) |
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Term
| Age of industry is involved in what stage of childhood? |
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Definition
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Term
| What aspect of pediatric development involves complex behavioral and cognitive abilities? |
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Definition
| cognitive development age 7-11 |
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Term
| What aspect of cognitive development involves improved memory? |
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Definition
| cognitive development ages 7-11 |
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Term
| What aspect of childhood involvement involves childhood intelligence (msed IQ relatively constant over lifetime) |
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Definition
| cognitive development age 7-11 |
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Term
| What aspect of childhood development involves loss of deciduous teeth? |
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Definition
| physical development age 7-11 |
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Term
| What aspect of pediatric development involves development of frontal brain lobes (*personality- prefrontal cortex*)? |
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Definition
| physical development age 7-11 |
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Term
| What aspect of pediatric development involves *athletic ability and musical talent*? |
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Definition
| motor skills refinement- physical development age 7-11 |
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Term
| What aspect of pediatric development involves fewer illness, childhood obesity, and injuries? |
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Definition
| health- physical development age 7-11 |
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Term
| What aspect of pediatric development involves self-concept and sense of belonging, family relationships, social cognition, friendships and peer pressure, sexuality, and stressors? |
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Definition
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Term
| What aspect of pediatric development involves trust, honesty, and rewards of social relationships, competitive and non-competitive activities, and develop socially appropriate and workable behaviors? |
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Definition
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Term
| In middle childhood, where are the most important relationships established? |
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Definition
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Term
| What aspect of pediatric development involves same gender friendships prevailing, pressure to adopt group norms, and *bullying and gangs*? |
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Definition
| friends and peer pressure, psychosocial age 7-11 |
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Term
| What aspect of pediatric development involves sexual curiosity and same sex experimentation not uncommon? |
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Definition
| sexuality- psychosocial age 7-11 |
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Term
| What aspect of pediatric development involves *school, working parents, difficulty making friends, and divorce of abuse*? (economic downturn) |
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Definition
| stressors- psychosocial age 7-11 |
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Term
| What clinician interaction age involves greater interaction with child (discuss risks of drugs and risky sexual practices and encourage open communication), and referrals for psychological support or counseling if needed? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are teachable moments? |
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Definition
| incorporate a pt education in a discussion of a behavior (age 7-11) |
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Term
| At what age do clinicians engage child in an activity, talk directly to child, and promote parental self understanding? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are standardized questionnaires or symptom checklists? |
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Definition
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Term
| What involves auditory and visual attention to stimuli, manipulation, examiner interaction, relation w/toys, and memory involved in object permanence? |
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Definition
| bayley scales of infant development |
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Term
| What are some screening parameters? |
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Definition
| behavior screening. developmental screening. social and emotional screening. |
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Term
| What percent of children w/disabilities are not detected before entering school? |
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Definition
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Term
| Social and emotional screening: across all age groups what is the prevalence of children with mental health problems? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are three family systems that are special situations addressed by clinicians? |
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Definition
| divorce, adoption, and foster care |
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Term
| What are some special situations addressed by clinicians? |
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Definition
| school avoidance, homosexuality, family systems, violence, chronically ill or dying children, developmental dellayed |
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Term
| What are some difficult parent encounters? |
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Definition
| provider- self introspection clinical limtations, set boundaries and cultural sensitivity. ambiguity. overanxious parent. time constraints. address the problem- acknowledge the enocunter is difficult not the parent. give more time. |
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