Term
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Definition
Tinea capitis
Tinea corporus
Tinea cruris
Tinea pedis
Tinea unguium (onychomycosis)
Tinea versicolor
Candida albicans infections |
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Term
| Thickened, broken off hairs with erythema and scaling of underlying scalp |
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Definition
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Term
| Diffuse scaling of the scalp and pustules are also seen |
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Definition
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Term
| Etiology: Microsporum canis and Trichophyton tonsurans |
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Definition
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Term
Tinea Capitis
Diagnostics: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Presents either as annular marginated plaques with a thin scale and clear center or as an annular confluent dermatitis |
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Definition
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Term
Most common organism:
Trichophyton
Mentagrophytes
Trichophyton rubrum
M canis |
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Definition
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Term
| Diagnosis: made by scraping thin scales from the border of lesion, dissolving them in 20% potassium hydroxide (KOH) and examining for hyphae |
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Definition
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Term
| Tinea Corporis Management |
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Definition
| Topical treatment with imidazole, allylamines, benzylamine or ciclopirox BID for 3-4 weeks |
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Term
| Symmetrical, sharply marginated lesions in inguinal areas; the lesion border is usually active to some degree with pustules or vesicles (unless the lesion is chronic). The background rash is red to reddisn-brown and is usually a symmetric macule with fairly well-demarcated borders. The rash usually spares the scrotum and is often pruritic; acute rashes also may have a burning quality. |
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Definition
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Term
Most common organisms : T rubrum, T mentagrophytes, and Epidermophyton floccosum
Occurs predominantly in adolescent and young adult men |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Topical therapy is usually a sufficient treatment for tinea cruris. Therapies include terbinafine cream or sprady applied once daily for one week and butenafine 1% cream applied once daily for 2 weeks |
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Term
Caused by same dermatophyte species as tinea cruis.
Most common in adolescents |
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Definition
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Term
| Risk factors: exposure to moist environment and maceration of the skin |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ typically appears as a white macerated area between the toes, although a more diffuse dry scaling process often caused by T. rubrum ("moccasin type") may also occur. Another pattern of presentation is characterized by an inflammatory vesiculobullous eruption occurring primarily on the soles of the feet. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Topical Antifungal agents such as terbinafine
applied once daily for one week or butenafine 1% applied once daily for 2 weeks |
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Term
| Infection of the finger or toenails and is a subset of onychomycosis, a broader category of infections that also include yeast and nondermatophyte molds |
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Definition
| Tinea Unguium (Onychomycosis) |
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Term
| Loosening of the nail plate from the nail bed (onycholysis) giving yellow discoloration is the first sign, followed by thickening of the distal nail plate and then scaling and a crumbly appearance of the entire nail surface |
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Definition
| Tinea Unguium (Onychomycosis) |
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Term
| Risk factors in adolescents include associated tinea pedis, improperly fitting shoes, and diabetes |
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Definition
| Tinea Unguium (Onychomycosis) |
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Term
| T. rubrum most common pathogen |
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Definition
| Tinea Unguium (Onychomycosis) |
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Term
| Diagnostics: KOH examination and fungal culture |
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Definition
| Tinea Unguium (Onychomycosis) |
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Term
| Tinea Unguium (Onychomycosis) Management |
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Definition
Terbinafine for adolescents
Griseofulvin in children |
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Term
| Superficial infection caused by Malassezia globosa, a yeast like fungus |
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Definition
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Term
| Characteristically causes polycyclic connected hypopigmented macules and very fine scales in areas of sun-induced pigmentation. |
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Definition
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Term
| Tinea Versicolor Management |
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Definition
| Application of selenium sulfide (Selsun) 2.5% suspension, zinc pyrithione shampoo, or topical antifungals. |
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Term
| Causes diaper dermatitis, thrush, fissures at the angles of the mouth (perleche), and periungual erythema and nail plate abnormalities (chronic paronychia). |
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Definition
| Candida Albicans Infections |
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Term
| Characterized by sharply defined erythematous patches, sometime with eroded areas. Pustules, vesicles, or papules may be present as satellite lesions. |
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Definition
| Candida Albicans Infections |
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Term
Found in moist areas
Common in children who have recently received an antibiotic |
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Definition
| Candida Albicans Infections |
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Term
| Candida Albicans Infections Management |
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Definition
Topical imidazole cream
Nystatin suspension for oral thrush
(Tx nystatin topical) |
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Term
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Definition
Herpes Simplex
Varicella
Molluscum Contagiosum
Warts |
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Term
| Painful grouped vesicles or erosions on a red base |
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Definition
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Term
| In infants and children, lesions from ___ are most commonly seen on the gingiva, lips and face. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ lesions are seen on the genitalia and in the mouth of adolescents. |
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Definition
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Term
Incubation period: 2-12 days
Prevalence: ___ neonatal and young children
___ adolescents |
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Definition
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Term
| History: maternal history, skin lesions, oral lesions, contact with people with ___, unprotected sex |
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Definition
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Term
| Neonatal infection: non specific, vesicular rash or bullae |
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Definition
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Term
Gingivostomatitis: Most common presentation during childhood.
Fever and irritability precede the development of vesicular lesions on the lips, gingiva and tongue
Risk for dehydration
Improve in 3-5 days |
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Definition
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Term
| Vulvovaginitis: genital lesions begin as vesicles and progress to ulcers before crusting over |
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Definition
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Term
| Diagnostics: PCR viral culture, rapid immunofluorescent test, Tzanck smear |
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Definition
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Term
| Herpes Simplex Virus Management |
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Definition
| Acyclovir oral and/or topical, symptomatic relief for gingivostomatitis |
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Term
| Grouped vesicles in a dermatome, usually on the trunk or face |
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Definition
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Term
| Undergoes same series of changes as herpes lesions; papule, vesicle, pustule, crust, slightly depressed scar |
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Definition
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Term
| Lesions of primary ___ appear in crops and different stages of lesions present at the same time. |
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Definition
Varicella
(Varicella-Zoster) |
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Term
| A poxvirus that induces the epidermis to proliferate, forming a pale papule |
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Definition
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Term
| Consist of umbilicated, flesh colored papules in groups found anywhere on the body |
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Definition
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Term
| Molluscum Contagiosum Management |
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Definition
| Immunological or cytodestructive, if left untreated, they resolve within months to years |
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Term
| Skin colored papules with rough surfaces caused by infection with HPV |
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Definition
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Term
| Virus induces the epidermal cells to proliferate, thus resulting in growth |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ are smoother and smaller than common warts and often seen on the face. |
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Definition
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Term
30% spontaneously resolve in 6 months
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Immunological (topical imiquimod, oral cimetidine, intralesional candida antigen injection, squaric acid contact therapy)
Cytogestruction
Topical salicylic acid
Flat warts: tretinoin gell or topical imiquimod (Aldera) cream for 3-4 weeks |
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Term
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Definition
Scabies
Pediculoses
Pinworms |
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Term
| Linear burrows about the wrist, ankles, finger webs, and anterior axillary folds. |
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Definition
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Term
Often there are excoriations, honey colored crusts and pustules from secondary infection
Affects all age groups |
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Definition
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Term
Transmission by close personal contact with infested human
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Definition
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Term
Mites can live isolated from the body for 2-3 days
300 million cases of ___ annually |
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Definition
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Term
| Following exposure, signs and symptoms develop in 10-30 days after infestation |
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Definition
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Term
Etiology: female mites S. Scabiei
History: pruritus, other family members |
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Definition
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Term
Evolution of rash:
Characteristically changes of time both is appearance and distribution
May consist of burrows, papules and vesicular lesions
Recurrent clusters of vesicles and pustules and occur over time |
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Definition
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Term
Physical Exam:
In older children: rash involves webs of fingers, axillae, arms, wrists, waistline and genitalia |
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Definition
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Term
Physical Exam:
In younger children: may include palms, soles, head, neck, and face |
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Definition
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Term
Physical Exam:
A burrow, the characteristic lesions of scabies in present in 90-95% of pt and forms a lazy "s" shape with a broad base and punctate brown-black dote at leading edge of mites path |
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Definition
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Term
| Diagnostics: skin scaping |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
5% permethrin cream, apply as single overnight application and repeat in 7 days
Hygiene, contagion precautions |
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Term
Infestation of head, body, or anogenital region
Presence of excoriated papules and pustules and Hx of severe itching at night |
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Definition
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Term
Common in children 3-12
Affects all socioeconomic groups
Less common in African Americans
Not influenced by hair hygiene
Gelatinous nits adhere tightly to the hair shaft |
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Definition
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Term
Found on persons with poor hygiene
Common in extremem conditions such as crowding or homeless |
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Definition
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Term
Most common in adolescents and young adults
May be found crawling among pubic hairs or in seams of underwear
Blue-black macules found dispersed through pubic region |
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Definition
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Term
History: pruritus, infested contact
Physical exam: nits within 1 in of scalp |
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Definition
Lice (Pediculosis)
Head Lice |
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Term
Physical Exam:
Pinpoint, erythematous macules, papules, wheals or excoriations |
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Definition
Lice (Pediculosis)
Body Lice |
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Term
| Lice (Pediculosis) Management |
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Definition
Permethrin (Nix) 1% cream rinse, 1st line therapy, neurotoxic to lice, ovicidal, residue on hair kills newly hatching nymphs, 10 min application to damp hair
Pyrethrins (Rid), neurotoxic to lice, low ovicidal activity, reduced efficacy due to resistance, 10 min application, repeat in 7-10 days to kill newly hatched
Malathion (ovida) 0.5%, true ovicidal activity, highly effective, requires 8-12 hr application on dry hair, repeat in 7 days if lice still present, high risk of flammability, not for children under 24 mo, safety not established under 6 years.
Treat all family members affected
wash bedding, towels, etc. in hot water
Seal anything not washable in bag for 14 days
Treat comes and hairbrushes |
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Term
| Infection by small white nematode (round worm) enterobius vermicularis |
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Definition
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Term
Occur in school aged children
Incidence: 5-15%, more prevalent in temperate climates |
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Definition
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Term
| Pathophysiology: E. vermicularis eggs are ingested in hatched in the human's stomach and duodenum, then the larvae migrate to the ileum and cecum. The adults copulate in the cecum. The pregnanct female ___ migrates from the cecum to the anus around 5 weeks later and deposits eggs on the perianal skin causing pruritis |
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Definition
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Term
| Etiology: ingestion of organism through fecal oral transmission |
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Definition
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Term
History: Nighttime itching, small white visible worms at night
Prognosis: reinfection common |
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Definition
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Term
Diagnostics: Stool sample for O and P
Transparent tape test |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Mebendazole 100mg PO once may repeat in 2 weeks
Treat all contacts, decontaminate environment, keep fingernails short and avoid nail biting |
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Term
Raised, pruritic circumscribed erythematous papules
Transient and typically last several hours |
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Definition
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Term
Single lesions may coalesce as they enlarge, forming generalized, raised, erythematous areas
Females 3:2 |
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Definition
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Term
Pathophysiology:
Immune mediated
Non-immune mediated
Autoimmune mediated |
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Definition
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Term
Viral infections
Parasitic infections
Bacterial infections
Medications
Foods
Contrast
Insect venom
Natural remedies |
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Definition
| Etiology of Acute Urticaria |
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Term
Idiopathic
Physical (dermatographism, cholinergic, cold, aquagenic)
Mast cell disease
Systemic disease (rheumatologic, neoplasms, parasitic infection, autoimmune) |
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Definition
| Etiology of Chronic Urticaria |
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Term
History: description of the rash, duration, viral symptoms? new foods or beverages, new exposure to perfumes or chemicals?
Diagnostics: none unless indicated by history and exam |
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Definition
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Term
| Physical Exam: Classic wheal and flare rash, respiratory, facial or neck edema? |
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Definition
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Term
| Similar but non-urticarial entities: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Emergent if difficulty breathing or other signs of anaphylaxis (Epi 0.01 L/kg of the 1:1,000 solution SC/IM)
First line
Second generation non-sedating antihistamine (Zyrtec, Claritin, Allegra)
First generation antihistamine (more effective/sedaating)- Benadryl, Hydroxyzine
Second Line- Increase 2nd generation H1 antagonist dose for age
Third Line- Addition of a second non sedating 2nd generation antihistamine, Corticosteroids
Observe for complications: anaphylaxis |
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Term
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Definition
Atopic Dermatitis
Nummular Eczema
Contact Dermatitis
seborrheic Dermatitis
Keratosis Pilaris
Pityriasis alba |
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Term
Also known as eczema
Incidence: 1 in 5 children |
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Definition
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Term
Prevalence: 30-70% family history
Worse in winter
Risk factor: genetics |
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Definition
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Term
Histologic findings are dependent on the stage of ____
Lymphocytes can be seen infiltrating the epidermis |
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Definition
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Term
| Acute form shows spongiosis and intercellular edema that can lead to vesicle formation |
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Definition
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Term
| The chronic form is characterized by epidermal psoriasiform hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis |
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Definition
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Term
Etiology:
Multifactorial with genetic, environmential, physiologic and immunologic facotrs
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Definition
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Term
Etiology:
Elevated IgE levels
Up to 70% have family Hx |
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Definition
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Term
| History: age of onset, location, prior treatment, bathing habits, family hx, hay fever, excessive dryness |
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Definition
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Term
Clinical Presentation:
Intensely pruritic erythematous papules
Excoriations, vesiculations and serous exudates |
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Definition
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Term
Clinical Presentation:
Dry skin
Involves face, scalp, and extensor surfaces |
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Definition
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Term
Diagnosis based on clincial features
Pruritus, chronically relapsing course, morphology and distribution of skin lesions |
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Definition
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Term
| Elevated serum IgE levels |
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Definition
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Term
Complications:
Ocular complications
Infection |
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Definition
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Term
| Atopic Dermatitis Management |
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Definition
Avoidance of irritants and allergens
Hydration
Moisturizers and Occlusives
Corticosteroids
Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors
Tar Preparations
Wet Dressings
Antibiotics
Antipruritics |
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Term
| There is no cure for ___, control is aim of treatment of this chronic condition. |
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Definition
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Term
| Characterized by numerous symmetrically distributed coin-shaped patches of ermatitis. May be acute oozing and crusted or dry scaling. |
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Definition
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Term
| Nummular Eczema Management |
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Definition
| Same as atopic dermatitis, may need more potent topical steroids |
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Term
| Contact Dermatitis Two types: |
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Definition
Primary irritant
Allergic eczematous |
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Term
| Acute inflammatory reaction of the skin associated with the wearing of diapers |
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Definition
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Term
| ___- due to occlusive contact with urine and feces and the skin |
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Definition
Irritant contact dermatitis
(Diaper Dermatitis) |
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Term
| Secondary infection by candida common |
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Definition
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Term
| Diaper Dermatitis Management |
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Definition
| Remove cantactants, eliminate maceration, frquent diaper changes, apply barrier cream |
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Term
| Characterized by erythematous, scaly or crusted eruption over the area rich in sebaceous glands |
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Definition
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Term
| Etiology: pityrosporum oval, hereditary immuno-dysfunction, atomospheric humidity |
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Definition
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Term
| Seborrheic Dermatitis Management |
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Definition
Selenium culfide
Shampoo, topic weak corticosteroid
1% hydrocortisone |
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Term
| Follicular papules containing a white inspissated scale, individual lesions are discrete and may be erythematous. Prominent on the extensor surfaces of upper arms, thighs, buttocks, and cheeks. |
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Definition
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Term
| Keratosis Pilaris Management |
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Definition
| Keratolytics and skin hydration |
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Term
White scaly macular areas with indistinct borders seen over extensor surfaces of extremities.
Sun exposure exaggerrates |
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Definition
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Term
| Pityriasis Alba Management |
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Definition
| Low-potency topical corticosteroid |
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Term
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Definition
Pityriasis rosea
Psoriasis |
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Term
Pink to red, oval plaques with fine scales
Christmas tree pattern |
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Definition
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Term
Generalized eruption preceded by a herald path
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Definition
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Term
Common in school aged and adolescents
Presumed viral origin |
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Definition
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Term
| Pityriasis Rosea Management |
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Definition
| Exposure to natural sunlight |
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Term
| Erythematous papules and plaques with thick, white scales |
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Definition
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Term
| Pathogenesis: immune-mediated inflammation, increased epidermal turnover |
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Definition
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Term
| Commonly follows strep infection, 3-8mm papules covered with thick white scales, seen on trunk |
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Definition
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Term
| Marked by thick, large scaly plaques 5-10cm over elbows, knees, scalp |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Topical corticosteroids
Second line: Topical vitamin D3 medications such as calcitriol
Topical retinoids
Crude coal tar
Refer to dermatologist |
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Term
| Complete hair loss in a localized area |
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Definition
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Term
Immunologic
50% regrow hair naturally within 12 months |
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Definition
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Term
| Alopecia Areata Management |
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Definition
| Super potent topical steroids, minoxidil, anthralin |
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Term
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Definition
Erythema Multiforme
Drug erruptions |
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Term
| Begins as papules that alter develop a dark center and tehn evolve into lesions with central bluish discolorations or blisters. |
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Definition
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Term
| Characteristic target lesions |
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Definition
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Term
Suspected causes: HSV, drugs (especially sulfonamides), Mycoplasma
Spontaneous resolution in 10-14 days |
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Definition
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Term
| Erythema Multiforme Management |
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Definition
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Term
| Steven-Johnson Syndrome: diagnosed when severe involvement of conjunctiva, oral cavity, and genital mucosa. Requires admission for hydration |
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Definition
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Term
| Drugs produce urticarial, morbilliform, scarlantiniform, pustular, bullous, or fixed skin eruptions |
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Definition
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Term
May appear within minutes, most occur 7-14 days
Dress syndrome: drug eruption with fever, eosinophilia and systemic symptoms |
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Definition
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Term
| Treatment of Skin Disorders |
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Definition
Topical
Wet dressings
Topical Glucocorticoids |
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Term
|
Definition
Aimed at preserving normal skin physiology
Preferred because can be given in optimal concentrations to the desired site
Dry, scaly skin treated using barriers to prevent evaporation
Oils and ointments prevent evaporation for 8-12 hrs |
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Term
| Principles of Topical Dermatologic Therapy |
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Definition
Topical dermatologic treatments include
Cleansing agents
Absorbent dressings (eg hydrocolloid patches or powder) and super-absorbent powders
Anti-infective agents
Anti-inflammatory agents
Astringents (drying agents that precipitate protein and shrink and contract the skin)
Emollients (skin hydrators and softeners)
Keratolytics (agents that soften, loosen, and facilitate exfoliation of the squamous cells of the epidermis) |
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