Term
| Foramen Ovale connects... |
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Definition
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Term
| Ductus Arteriosus connects... |
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Definition
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Term
| % of blood flow bypassing lungs |
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Definition
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Term
| Transition to neonatal circulation (progression) |
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Definition
placental separation >>
fluid leaves lungs >>
systemic pressure incr, pulmonary pressure decr >>
shunt closure |
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Term
| Timeframe for anatomical closure: ductus arteriosus |
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Definition
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Term
| Timeframe for anatomical closure: foramen ovale |
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Definition
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Term
| characteristics of newborn respiration (5) |
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Definition
small, narrow airways
small, inefficient rib cage (1/3 size of thoracic cavity)
fatiguable diaphragm (rounded, up)
low lung compliance
inefficient gas exchange (SA 1/20th that of adult) |
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Term
| Preterm infant considerations (3) |
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Definition
lung immaturity
abnormal surfactant
FO & DA remain open for longer |
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Term
| Normal parameters for Neonates: RR |
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Definition
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Term
| Normal parameters for Neonates: HR |
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Definition
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Term
| Normal parameters for Neonates: BP |
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Definition
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Term
| 10% of congenital ht defects associated c other dx... |
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Definition
Down Syndrome
Williams Syndrome
Marfan Syndrome
DiGeorge Syndrome
VACTERL association |
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Term
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Definition
| vertebral, anal, cardiac, tracheoesophageal fistula, renal, limb anomalies |
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Term
| Typical clinical presentation of infant c heart anomaly (8) |
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Definition
labored breathing
incr RR
tachycardia
diaphroetic
incr urine output
feeding/eating probs (2º to labored breathing)
poor wt gain
irritability |
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Term
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Definition
ASD
VSD
PDA
Coarctation of aorta |
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Term
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Definition
| >> enlarged R atrium >> heart failure |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| most common congenital heart defect (20-30%) = |
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Definition
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Term
| Typical direction of blood shunting in ASD/VSD |
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Definition
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Term
| PDA: DA remains open in response to... |
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Definition
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Term
| co-condition often present c coarctation of aorta |
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Definition
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Term
| severe coarctation of aorta >> |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Tetralogy of Fallot (50% of all)
Transposition of Great Vessels |
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Term
| Tetralogy of Fallot: components |
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Definition
VSD
aorta overrides R ventricle
pulmonary valve stenosis
R ventricle hypertrophy |
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Term
| Tetralogy of Fallot: clinical presentation |
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Definition
decr ht/wt
nail clubbing
cyanotic episodes (cyanosis, dyspnea, syncope) |
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Term
| Transposition of Great Vessels - what must happen to sustain life |
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Definition
| DA & FO must remain open to allow mixing of O2 blood |
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Term
| age range for repair of cyanotic defects |
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Definition
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Term
| Indications for Heart Transplant (3) |
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Definition
end-stage heart failure (congenital)
CHF
CF |
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Term
| Survival rates p heart transplant: infants |
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Definition
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Term
| Survival rates p heart transplant: teens |
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Definition
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Term
| Survival rates p heart transplant: HTN |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
10% of preemies
50-60% of those born <29 weeks |
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Term
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Definition
incr RR
chest retractions
nasal flaring
grunting
cyanosis
URIs later in life |
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Term
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Definition
surfactant
steroids (accelerate lung maturation)
supplemental O2
chest PT |
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Term
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Definition
rales
wheezing
cyanosis
hypoxemia
lower respiratory infection |
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Term
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Definition
supplemental O2
bronchodilators, steroids, NSAIDs |
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Term
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Definition
R-sided heart failure
developmental delay |
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Term
| Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS): def'n |
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Definition
| meconium below level of vocal cords |
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Term
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Definition
airway obstruction >> atelectasis
pulmonary edema |
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Term
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Definition
surfactant
suctioning
supplemental O2 |
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Term
| Probs for pediatric cardiopulm pts (4) |
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Definition
breathing pattern
mucus transport
rib mobility
prolonged supine position |
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Term
| Goals for pediatric cardiopulm pts (4) |
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Definition
mobilize secretions
incr aeration
incr mobility
reach developmental milestones |
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Term
| Strategies for Rx of pediatric cardiopulm pts (6) |
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Definition
postural drainage
percussion (3 fingers)
vibration
assisted coughing (laugh/cry)
incentive spirometry (bubbles, singing)
rocking/counter-rotation |
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Term
| Ideal positioning for pediatric cardiopulm pts |
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Definition
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Term
| Contraindications p sx for pediatric cardiopulm pts (3) |
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Definition
Ø UE >90º (first 4-6 wks)
Ø lift child by axilla/thorax (first 4-6 wks)
Ø contact sports |
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Term
| Influences on development of pediatric cardiopulm pt (5) |
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Definition
poor feeding/eating/growth >> developmental lag
decr prone positioning
transition mvmt (teach before sx)
mobility/locomotion
postural deformities |
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Term
| Additional Considerations of pediatric cardiopulm pt |
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Definition
poor attachment
overprotection/excessive activity restriction |
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