Term
| Hypothalamus communicates with posterior pituitary via |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Hypothalamus communicates with anterior pituitary via |
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Definition
| hormonal release via hyophyseal portal circulation |
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Term
| Posterior pituitary function |
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Definition
| Stores and releases oxytocin and vasopressin |
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Term
| ADH release in INCREASED with |
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Definition
| increase in serum osmolality, aging, hyprcalcemia, hypoglycemia, lithium, volume contraction |
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Term
| ADH release is DECREASED with |
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Definition
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Term
| ADH threshold setpoint is decreased (ADH released at lower osmolality) with |
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Definition
| pregnancy, premenstrual, volume contraction |
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Term
| ADH threshold set point is increased (ADH released at higher osmolality) with |
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Definition
| hypertension, hypervolemia, corticosteroids |
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Term
| Hormones produced by anterior pituitary |
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Definition
| TSH, LH, FSH, GH, ACTH, prolactin |
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Term
| Cushings disease is caused by |
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Definition
| a true ACTH secreting pituitary tumor |
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Term
| GH and TSH are inhibited by |
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Definition
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Term
| Prolactin is inhibited by |
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Definition
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Term
| Prolactin is stimulated by |
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Definition
Anti-dopaminergic drugs (metoclopromaide)
TRH |
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Term
| Congenital hypopituitarism |
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Definition
| Also includes GH deficiency and may include others. Babies are normal at birth but fall below the mean by age 1 year. May include microphallus, hypoglycemia and hyperbilirubinemia. |
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Term
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Definition
| Absence of pituitary gland. Associated with hyopthalamic hemartoblastoma, polydactyly, nail dysplasia, bifid epiglottis, imperforate anus, heart, lung and kidney anomalies |
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Term
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Definition
| optic nerve abnormality, agensis of septum pellucidum or corpus callosum (or both), hypothalamic insufficiency, single central incisor |
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Term
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Definition
| Can develop de novo, with previous surgery or radiation. Destroys hyothalamus, pituitary and stalk. Most common tumor to do this is CRANIOPHARYNGIOMA |
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Term
| Strongest osmotic stimulus for ADH |
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Definition
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Term
| Most potent stimulus of ADH |
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Definition
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Term
| Constitutional growth delay |
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Definition
1. Normal growth velocity
2. Delayed bone age (= to height age)
3. Family history of delayed puberty |
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Term
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Definition
1. Normal growth velocity
2. Normal bone age
3. Family history of short stature |
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Term
| Growth hormone deficiency |
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Definition
1. Decreased growth velocity
2. Delayed bone age
3. May or may not be family history |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Treatment of nephrogenic DI |
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Definition
| Sufficient water intake, low sodium diets, thiazides |
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Term
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Definition
Rare in children.
Excess ADH secretion, pneumonia, tumors, TB, CF, meningitis, encephalitis, head trauma, vincristine |
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Term
| Effects and treatment of SIADH |
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Definition
hyponatremia, low serum osmolality, high urine osmolality, low urine output
Treat with fluid restriction |
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Term
| Treatment of growth hormone excess |
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Definition
Obtain an MRI for possible adenoma
Octreotide |
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Term
| Treatment of prolactinoma |
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Definition
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Term
| Most common anterior pituitary tumor |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome |
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Definition
| fetal overgrowth with hypertrophy of organs and pancreatic beta cell hyperplasia. Predisposed to Wilms tumor, adrenocortical carcinoma, hepatoblastoma |
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Term
| Precocious puberty in a male |
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Definition
| Always get an MRI! High likelihood of a tumor |
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Term
| Peak height velocity in females |
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Definition
| Tanner stage 2-3, always preceding menarche. Menarch always occurs at Tanner stage 4 |
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Term
| Peak height velocity in males |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Fibrous skeletal dysplasia, multiple endocrine organs reliant on cAMP (TSH, LH, FSH, ACTH). Characterized by precocious puberty with ovarian cysts and bleeding, hypothyroidism, Cushing syndrome, phosphaturia |
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Term
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Definition
Useful only in hyperthyroidism
Increased in: Graves, hot nodules, secreting tumors (thyroid itself)
Decreased in: self limited thyroiditis, factitia, amiodarone |
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Term
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Definition
Gives rough picture of thyroid
Helpful only with nodules |
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Term
| Most common cause of congenital hypothyroidism |
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Definition
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Term
| Transient congenital hypothyroidism |
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Definition
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Term
| Symptoms of congenital hypothyroidism |
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Definition
| More common in girls, feeding problems, choking, enlarged tongue, constipation, murmur, enlarged posterior fontanelle, delayed bone maturation and dentition, DD, neurosensory hearing deficit |
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Term
Antibody found only in Graves
disease |
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Definition
Thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin
antibody to TSH receptor |
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Term
| Medical management of Graves disease |
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Definition
1. methimazole (drug of choice)
2. PTU (associated with hepatotoxicity)
Can cause rash, agranulocytosis |
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Term
| Approach to thyroid nodule |
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Definition
1. US for solid or cystic
2. Thyroid scan for hot or cold
3. FNA
Skip to exicision instead of FNA if hx of radiation, rapid growth, hoarseness, or distant mets |
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Term
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Definition
1A: most common, autosomal dominant, abnormality in PTH binding, round, stocky, MR, hypocalcemia, brachymetacarpals
1B: normal phenotype, labs. PTH resistance
Type II: Hypocalcemia only |
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Term
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Definition
| pancreas, parathyroid, anterior pituitary |
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Term
|
Definition
| medullary thyroid carcinoma, hyperparathyroidism, pheochromocytoma |
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Term
|
Definition
| medullary thyroid carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, neuromas |
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Term
| Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy |
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Definition
| autosomal recessive, mucocutaneous candidasis, hyperparathyroidism, Addison's disease, gonadal failure, hair loss, vitiligo, nail problems, chronic hepatitis |
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Term
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Definition
| very long chain fatty acids in tissues, dementia with loss of vision, hearing, speech and gait, with adrenal cortex insufficiency |
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Term
| 21-hydroxylase deficiency |
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Definition
| Most common form of CAH. Results in salt wasting, virilization, build-up of progesterone |
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Term
| 11B-hydroxylase deficiency |
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Definition
| Converts deoxy-cortisol to cortisol. Seen in N. African decent. NO SALT WASTING. Severe, virilization, hypertension. |
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Term
| 3B-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency |
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Definition
| Converts 5 steroids to 4 steroids. Results in low cortisol, low aldosterone and increased DHEA. 17-hydroxypregnenenolone. Needs sex hormone replacement |
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Term
| 17-hydroxylase deficiency |
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Definition
| Hypertension, hypokalemia, deficiency of sex hormones. Needs sex hormone replacement |
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Term
|
Definition
| excessive epi and norepi, hypertension, palpitations, elevated blood and urinary catecholamines, urinary VMA and metanephrines |
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Term
|
Definition
| Normal karyotype, chromosome 12. Phenotypic looks like Turner syndrome. MR, sensorineural hearing loss, pulmonic valve stenosis. |
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Term
|
Definition
| hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, anosomia, x-linked, hypogonadism |
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Term
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Definition
| one set of gonads, appropriate to chromosomes, but external genitalia does not match |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| lephrechaunism. IUGR, fasting hypoglycemia, profound insulin resistance |
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