Term
Initial Aspects of Audiological Evaluation
(before audiologial tests) |
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Definition
| Obtain case history, physical inspection of ears, observe and interact formally with child |
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Term
| Auditory Behavioral Index |
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Definition
| Typical behavioral responses at different ages in reaction to warble tones, speech and noisemakers at specific dB levels for an age group |
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Term
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Definition
| The lowest level of response offered by a child to an acoustic stimulus, depending on a variety of circumstances the signal responded to may be either barely audible or well above threshold |
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Term
| Two Types of Measures in Assessment |
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Definition
| Behavioral and physiological |
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Term
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Definition
• Behavioral Observation Audiometry (BOA)
• Visual Reinforcement Audiometry (VRA)
• Tangible and Visual Reinforcement Operant
Conditioning Audiometry (TROCA & VROCA)
• Play Audiometry |
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Term
| Behavioral Observation Audiometry (BOA) |
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Definition
- For babies older than 4 months
- Watch baby’s response to relatively sudden, intense sounds presented in the soundfield
- Relys on ability to localize sound
- Responses judged by two examiners |
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Term
| Sources of Variability in BOA |
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Definition
- Examiner judgements subject to bias
- Measures responsiveness to sound (not thresholds)
- Responses vary with age
- Habituation
- Normal range is large |
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Term
| Visual Reinforcement Audiometry (VRA) |
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Definition
• 5 months - 2 years of age
• Single loudspeaker
• Reinforcement toy that is
illuminated and moves
• Infant’s response must be a clear head turn toward
loudspeaker/reinforcer
• Responses judged by two examiners
• Clearly defined criteria for when a patient is
considered conditioned and habituated |
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Term
| Tangible and Visual Reinforcement Operant Conditioning Audiometry (TROCA/VROCA) |
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Definition
• 6 months- 2 years of age
• Speaker placed in front of child
• Requires simple but specific motor response
within range of neuromotor capabilities
• Reinforce by delivery of tangible or visual
reward
• False-positives discouraged by time-out periods
• Useful for difficult-to-test patients as well as
young children with normal hearing |
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Term
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Definition
• 2 - 5 years of age
• 2 examiners communicate via intercom
• Requires specific motor response within
framework of a game
• Tell AND demonstrate what to do
• Social reinforcement such as smile, praise, etc. |
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Term
| Brith-4mo Behavioral and Physiological Assessments |
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Definition
Physiological tests: ABR and OAE
Behavioral assessment used only to assess qualitative aspects of auditory behavior and corroborate parent’s report |
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Term
| 5mo-2yrs Behavioral and Physiological Assessments |
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Definition
Behavioral methods: VRA, TROCA, VROCA
Physiolgical tests: OAE, Acoustic immittance, ART |
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Term
| 2-3yrs Behavioral and Physiological Assessments |
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Definition
Behavioral tests: VRA, CPA, TROCA,VROCA
Physiological tests: Acoustic immittance |
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Term
| 4-5yrs Behavioral and Physiological Assessments |
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Definition
Behavioral: Play audiometry, standardized children’s speech recognition tests
Physiological: Acoustic immittance |
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Term
| 6+yrs Behavioral and Physiological Assessments |
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Definition
Behavioral: Standard audiometric testing, open-set speech recognition test
Physiological: Acoustic immittance |
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